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1、目錄設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)設(shè)計(jì)要求設(shè)計(jì)原始資料設(shè)計(jì)方案和管道定線4.1設(shè)計(jì)用水量計(jì)算 4.2水量調(diào)節(jié)計(jì)算 4.3設(shè)計(jì)流量計(jì)算 4.4管段設(shè)計(jì)流量分配 4.5管段設(shè)計(jì)管徑計(jì)算 4.6設(shè)計(jì)工況水利分析 4.7控制點(diǎn)確定 4.8泵站揚(yáng)程設(shè)計(jì) 4.9水塔高度設(shè)計(jì) 4.10管網(wǎng)設(shè)計(jì)校核 消防工況校核 轉(zhuǎn)輸工況校核 事故工況校核 五、管材選用 六、其它問題 七、節(jié)點(diǎn)詳圖 附表 一、設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)陜西省安康市給水管網(wǎng)工程初步設(shè)計(jì)二、設(shè)計(jì)要求1)、設(shè)計(jì)方案合理,安全可靠,運(yùn)行管理方便。2)、計(jì)算說明書完整,計(jì)算正確,條理清楚,編排合理,語言規(guī)范,書寫工整,裝訂整齊。3)、圖紙應(yīng)能準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)設(shè)計(jì)圖意,圖面布置合理,圖面整潔,規(guī)范,線

2、條清晰,復(fù)合制圖標(biāo)準(zhǔn),并用工程字注文。4)、獨(dú)立思考,遵紀(jì)守律,按時作息,獨(dú)立完成。三、設(shè)計(jì)原始資料3.1城市地理資料該城市位于陜西省南部地區(qū),漢江中游,黃洋河從城中穿過匯入漢江,將城市分為河南和河北兩個行政區(qū)。河南區(qū):規(guī)劃人口數(shù)10萬人,房屋平均層數(shù)為4層;河北區(qū):規(guī)劃人口數(shù)18萬人,房屋平均層數(shù)為5層;3.2自然資料(1) 地質(zhì):該城市土壤種類為黏質(zhì)土,地下水位線高程為508.43米。(2)降水:年平均降水量為816.5mm。(3)氣溫:年平均19.2,最熱月平均33.5,最冷月平均5.8。(4)常年主導(dǎo)風(fēng)向:東北風(fēng)。(5)地震烈度:6級。(6)水文資料:在黃洋河匯流處漢江上游1km處設(shè)有

3、一座水文站,歷史最高洪水位高程510.55米;98%保證率的枯水位高程504.25米,常水位高程507.62米。河面比降:漢江為2.8,黃洋河為5.5.漢江多年平均流量為854.5m/s,流速1.83.2m/s,江水水質(zhì)滿足地表水類水質(zhì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。3.3工程資料(1)工業(yè)企業(yè):具體位置見城市總規(guī)劃圖,用水量情況見下表:表1 工業(yè)企業(yè)用水情況匯總表序號名稱用水量(m/s)用水時間備注1鋼鐵廠4200全天均勻使用水質(zhì)為生活飲用水,水壓無特殊要求2化工廠3500全天均勻使用同上3車輛廠2600824h均勻使用同上4制藥廠1600816h均勻使用同上5針織廠800816h均勻使用同上6啤酒廠2500全天均勻

4、使用同上7食品廠950824h均勻使用同上8肉聯(lián)廠650816h均勻使用同上9火車站750全天均勻使用同上(2)最高日城市綜合生活用水每小時用水量占最高日用水量的百分比情況如下表所示:表二 城市綜合生活用水情況表時間小時用水量占最高日用水量%時間小時用水量占最高日用水量%時間小時用水量占最高日用水量%011.82895.9216175.57121.629105.4717185.63231.6510115.4018195.28342.4511125.6619205.14452.8712135.0820214.11563.9513144.8121223.65674.1114154.9222232.

5、83784.8115165.2423242.01(3)用水量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)最高日綜合生活用水量定額為228L/人d,用水普及率為95%。澆灑道路和大面積綠化用水量取總用水量(生活+工業(yè))的3.5%,用水時間為每天810時和1517時。未預(yù)見和管網(wǎng)漏失水量取總用水量(生活+工業(yè)+綠化)的20%。消防用水量按照相關(guān)設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范計(jì)算。(4)考慮在城市河南區(qū)東郊高地上建設(shè)一座高位調(diào)節(jié)水池。(5)控制點(diǎn)自由水頭為28米。四、設(shè)計(jì)方案和管道定線出于城市供水安全考慮,本設(shè)計(jì)采用單水源環(huán)狀管網(wǎng)給水系統(tǒng),在管網(wǎng)中設(shè)置一座供水泵站和一座高位調(diào)節(jié)水池,以滿足城市供水要求。城市管網(wǎng)定線是指在地形平面圖上確定管線的走向和位置。管網(wǎng)定

6、線取決于城市的平面布置,供水區(qū)的地形,水源和調(diào)節(jié)構(gòu)筑物位置,街區(qū)和用戶特別是大用戶的分布,河流、鐵路、橋梁等的位置等。定線時,干管延伸方向應(yīng)和二級泵站輸水到水池、水塔、大用戶的水流方向基本一致,循水流方向以最短距離布置一條或數(shù)條干管,干管位置應(yīng)從用水量較大的街區(qū)通過。干管的間距,可根據(jù)街區(qū)情況,采用500800m。4.1設(shè)計(jì)用水量計(jì)算(1)城市最高日綜合生活用水量:= =63840 (m/d)由于該城市的用水普及率為95%,則:=95%=95%63840=60648 (m/d)(2)工業(yè)生產(chǎn)用水量:=16800 (m/d)注意:火車站用水不算做工業(yè)企業(yè)用水。(3)澆灑道路和大面積綠化用水:=(

7、+)35%=(60648+16800)35%=2710.68 (m/d)(4)未預(yù)見水量和管網(wǎng)漏失水量:=(+)20%=(60648+16800+2710.68)20%=16031.74 (m/d)(5)消防用水量:城市規(guī)劃總?cè)丝跀?shù)為28萬,查附表3知消防用水定額為55 (L/s),同時火災(zāi)次數(shù)為2,則消防用水量為:=255=110 (m/d)(6)最高日設(shè)計(jì)用水量:=+=60648+16800+2710.68+16031.74=96190.42 (m/d)4.2水量調(diào)節(jié)計(jì)算城市綜合用水情況表 表4.1時間綜合生活用水量(m/h)工業(yè)企業(yè)用水量(m/h)綠化(m/h)未預(yù)見和漏失(m/h)城市

8、每小時用水量(m/h)%011103.79425.000.00667.982196.772.2812982.50425.000.00667.982075.482.16231000.69425.000.00667.992093.682.18341485.88425.000.00667.992578.872.68451740.60425.000.00667.992833.592.95562395.60425.000.00667.993488.593.63672492.63425.000.00667.993585.623.73782917.17425.000.00667.994010.164.178

9、93590.361028.13677.67667.995964.156.209103317.451028.13677.67667.995691.245.9210113274.991028.130.00667.994971.115.1711123432.681028.130.00667.995128.805.3312133080.921028.120.00667.994777.034.9713142917.171028.120.00667.994613.284.8014152983.881028.120.00667.994679.994.8715163177.951028.12677.67667

10、.995551.735.7716173378.09646.88677.67667.995370.635.5817183414.48646.880.00667.994729.354.9218193202.21646.880.00667.994517.084.7019203117.31646.880.00667.994432.184.6120212492.63646.870.00667.993807.493.9621222213.65646.870.00667.993528.513.6722231716.34646.870.00667.993031.203.1523241219.03646.870

11、.00667.992533.892.6360648.0016800.002710.6816031.7496190.42100.00城市最高日用水量變化曲線如坐標(biāo)圖所示,可知二級泵站分兩級供水,從前一日22點(diǎn)到清晨5點(diǎn)為一級,從5點(diǎn)到22點(diǎn)為另一級,第一級供水量為2.57%,第二級為4.82%。最高日用水量在89時:=6.20%=96190.426.20%=5963.81 m/h=1656.61 (L/s)管網(wǎng)中設(shè)置水塔或高位水池,供水泵站設(shè)計(jì)水量為:96190.424.82%10003600=1287.88 (L/s)水塔或高位水池的設(shè)計(jì)供水量為:96190.42(6.20%-4.82%)10

12、003600=364.3 (L/s)水塔或高位水池的最大進(jìn)水流量(56點(diǎn),即最高轉(zhuǎn)輸時)為:96190.42(4.82%-3.63%)10003600=317.96 (L/s)清水池與水塔調(diào)節(jié)容積計(jì)算表表4.2小時給水處理供水量(%)給水泵站供水量(%)清水池調(diào)節(jié)容積計(jì)算(%)水塔調(diào)節(jié)容積計(jì)算設(shè)置水塔不設(shè)水塔設(shè)水塔不設(shè)水塔(1)(2)(3)(4)(2)-(3)(2)-(4)(3)-(4)014.17 2.57 2.28 1.60 1.60 1.89 1.89 0.29 0.29 124.17 2.57 2.15 1.60 3.20 2.02 3.91 0.42 0.71 234.16 2.58

13、 2.18 1.58 4.78 1.98 5.89 0.40 1.11 344.17 2.57 2.68 1.60 6.38 1.49 7.38 -0.11 1.00 454.17 2.57 2.95 1.60 7.98 1.22 8.60 -0.38 0.62 564.16 4.83 3.63 -0.67 7.31 0.53 9.13 1.20 1.82 674.17 4.82 3.73 -0.65 6.66 0.44 9.57 1.09 2.91 784.17 4.82 4.16 -0.65 6.01 0.01 9.58 0.66 3.57 894.16 4.83 6.20 -0.67 5

14、.34 -2.04 7.54 -1.37 2.20 9104.17 4.82 5.92 -0.65 4.69 -1.75 5.79 -1.10 1.10 10114.17 4.82 5.17 -0.65 4.04 -1.00 4.79 -0.35 0.75 11124.16 4.83 5.33 -0.67 3.37 -1.17 3.62 -0.50 0.25 12134.17 4.82 4.97 -0.65 2.72 -0.80 2.82 -0.15 0.10 13144.17 4.82 4.80 -0.65 2.07 -0.63 2.19 0.02 0.12 14154.16 4.83 4.

15、87 -0.67 1.40 -0.71 1.48 -0.04 0.08 15164.17 4.82 5.77 -0.65 0.75 -1.60 -0.12 -0.95 -0.87 16174.17 4.82 5.58 -0.65 0.10 -1.41 -1.53 -0.76 -1.63 17184.16 4.83 4.92 -0.67 -0.57 -0.76 -2.29 -0.09 -1.72 18194.17 4.82 4.70 -0.65 -1.22 -0.53 -2.82 0.12 -1.60 19204.17 4.82 4.61 -0.65 -1.87 -0.44 -3.26 0.21

16、 -1.39 20214.16 4.83 3.96 -0.67 -2.54 0.20 -3.06 0.87 -0.52 小時給水處理供水量(%)給水泵站供水量(%)清水池調(diào)節(jié)容積計(jì)算(%)水塔調(diào)節(jié)容積計(jì)算設(shè)置水塔不設(shè)水塔設(shè)水塔不設(shè)水塔(1)(2)(3)(4)(2)-(3)(2)-(4)(3)-(4)21224.17 4.82 3.66 -0.65 -3.19 0.51 -2.55 1.16 0.64 22234.17 2.57 3.15 1.60 -1.59 1.02 -1.53 -0.58 0.06 23244.16 2.57 2.63 1.59 0.00 1.53 0.00 -0.06 0

17、.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 調(diào)節(jié)容積=11.17調(diào)節(jié)容積=12.84調(diào)節(jié)容積=5.294.3設(shè)計(jì)流量計(jì)算布線圖如藍(lán)圖所示,可得各管段長度和配水長度如下表:各管段與配水長度表表4.3管段編號1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 管長(m)400 340 380 490 340 200 275 150 170 配水長度(m)0 0 310 245 0 0 0 0 170 管段編號10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 管長(m)320 250 130 400 400 400 530 530 290 配水長度(m)320 250 65 400 400 200 480

18、 440 290 管段編號19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 管長(m)570 530 220 530 570 290 220 220 220 配水長度(m)480 530 220 530 570 290 110 220 220 最高時集中用水量表表4.4集中用戶名鋼鐵廠化工廠車輛廠制藥廠針織廠啤酒廠食品廠肉聯(lián)廠火車站水量(L/S)48.6140.5145.1455.5627.7828.9416.4922.578.68節(jié)點(diǎn)號(6)(9)(5)(13)(7)(14)(20)(21)(3)按管段配水長度進(jìn)行沿線流量分配,先計(jì)算比流量L/(s):=0.2021從坐標(biāo)圖所示泵站供水曲

19、線,得泵站設(shè)計(jì)供水流量為:=1656.61=1287.88 (L/s)水塔設(shè)計(jì)供水流量:=1656.61-1287.85=368.73 (L/s)各管段沿線流量分配和各節(jié)點(diǎn)流量計(jì)算見下表最高時管段沿線流量分配與節(jié)點(diǎn)設(shè)計(jì)流量計(jì)算表(1)表4.5管段或節(jié)點(diǎn)編號管段配水長度(m)管段沿線流量(L/s)節(jié)點(diǎn)設(shè)計(jì)流量(L/s)集中流量沿線流量供水流量節(jié)點(diǎn)流量100.001287.88-1287.88200.0071.75331062.658.68105.18424549.5144.97500.0045.1445.14600.0048.6148.61700.0027.7827.78800.00368.73

20、-368.73917034.3640.5177.901032064.6798.021125050.5398.02126513.1476.291340080.8455.56102.551440080.8428.94177.481520040.42168.751648097.0175.791744088.9275.791829058.61133.391948097.01109.1320530107.1116.4956.91管段或節(jié)點(diǎn)編號管段配水長度(m)管段沿線流量(L/s)節(jié)點(diǎn)設(shè)計(jì)流量(L/s)集中流量沿線流量供水流量節(jié)點(diǎn)流量2122044.4622.5762.9922530107.112357

21、0115.202429058.612511022.232622044.462722044.46合計(jì)67401362.15294.281656.61-0.18調(diào)整后各管段沿線流量分配和各節(jié)點(diǎn)流量計(jì)算見下表最高時管段沿線流量分配與節(jié)點(diǎn)設(shè)計(jì)流量計(jì)算表(2)表4.6管段或節(jié)點(diǎn)編號管段配水長度(m)管段沿線流量(L/s)節(jié)點(diǎn)設(shè)計(jì)流量(L/s)集中流量沿線流量供水流量節(jié)點(diǎn)流量100.001287.88-1287.88200.0071.75331062.658.68105.19424549.5144.98500.0045.1445.15600.0048.6148.62700.0027.7827.79800.

22、00368.73-368.73917034.3640.5177.901032064.6798.031125050.5398.03126513.1476.301340080.8455.56102.561440080.8428.94177.491520040.42168.761648097.0175.801744088.9275.801829058.61133.401948097.01109.1420530107.1116.4956.922122044.4622.5763.0022530107.11管段或節(jié)點(diǎn)編號管段配水長度(m)管段沿線流量(L/s)節(jié)點(diǎn)設(shè)計(jì)流量(L/s)集中流量沿線流量供水流量

23、節(jié)點(diǎn)流量23570115.202429058.612511022.232622044.462722044.46合計(jì)67401362.15294.281656.610.004.4管段設(shè)計(jì)流量分配計(jì)算:根據(jù)城市給水管網(wǎng)圖和各節(jié)點(diǎn)設(shè)計(jì)流量計(jì)算結(jié)果以及流量連續(xù)性方程進(jìn)行管段設(shè)計(jì)流量初分配,分配結(jié)果見圖4-1。4.5管段設(shè)計(jì)管徑計(jì)算根據(jù)管段設(shè)計(jì)流量初分配結(jié)果進(jìn)行管段設(shè)計(jì)管徑計(jì)算,為了提高供水可靠性,管段1采用并行雙管,根據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)流速計(jì)算出管徑后,按鄰近原則選取標(biāo)準(zhǔn)管徑,計(jì)算結(jié)果見下表:管段設(shè)計(jì)管徑計(jì)算表表4.7管段編號123456789設(shè)計(jì)流量(L/s)643.94368.73608.07251.4423

24、.7721.3870.00270.94375.73經(jīng)濟(jì)流速(m/s)1.201.001.201.000.600.600.700.901.00計(jì)算管徑(mm)826.79685.36803.44565.96224.65213.06356.92619.27691.84設(shè)計(jì)管徑(mm)900*2700800600200200350600700管段編號101112131415161718設(shè)計(jì)流量(L/s)368.01214.60505.50608.06251.44182.69645.71214.60170.00經(jīng)濟(jì)流速(m/s)1.001.001.101.201.000.901.201.001.00計(jì)

25、算管徑(mm)684.69522.85765.12803.43565.96508.51827.93522.85465.36設(shè)計(jì)管徑(mm)700500800800500500900500450管段編號192021222324252627設(shè)計(jì)流量(L/s)198.22200.00124.2048.4040.9450.0887.00100.0044.06經(jīng)濟(jì)流速(m/s)1.001.000.900.600.600.600.900.900.60計(jì)算管徑(mm)502.50504.75419.28320.56294.82326.08350.92376.22305.85設(shè)計(jì)管徑(mm)500500400

26、300250300300350300管段直徑設(shè)計(jì)公式為:(m)式中 D管段直徑,m;q管段設(shè)計(jì)流量,m/s;A管段過水?dāng)嗝婷娣e,m;v設(shè)計(jì)流速,m/s。 4.6設(shè)計(jì)工況水力分析為了滿足水力分析前提條件,將管段1暫時刪除,同時假定節(jié)點(diǎn)(18)為控制點(diǎn),其節(jié)點(diǎn)水頭等于服務(wù)水頭,即H18= 537.82m。采用哈代克洛斯法進(jìn)行平差,允許閉合差0.1m,使用海曾-威廉公式計(jì)算水頭損失,Cw=110,計(jì)算過程見附表。設(shè)計(jì)節(jié)點(diǎn)數(shù)據(jù)及設(shè)計(jì)工況水力分析結(jié)果見下表:節(jié)點(diǎn)數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)算 表4.8節(jié)點(diǎn)編號地面標(biāo)高(m)要求自由水壓(m)服務(wù)水頭(m)1513.14/2514.0020.00534.003513.0020.

27、00533.00節(jié)點(diǎn)編號地面標(biāo)高(m)要求自由水壓(m)服務(wù)水頭(m)4514.0020.00534.005513.3520.00533.356514.1220.00534.127514.0520.00534.058522.00/9513.0520.00533.0510514.0020.00534.0011513.0020.00533.0012514.0020.00534.0013514.0020.00534.0014513.7524.00537.7515513.0324.00537.0316513.2124.00537.2117514.2724.00538.2718513.8224.0053

28、7.8219514.4324.00538.4320513.2924.00537.2921512.4524.00536.45設(shè)計(jì)工況水力分析結(jié)果表4.9管段或節(jié)點(diǎn)編號管段流量(L/s)管內(nèi)流速(m/s)管段壓降(m)節(jié)點(diǎn)水頭(m)地面標(biāo)高(m)自由水壓(m)10.643940.710.52544.00513.1430.8620.368730.830.54543.48514.0029.4830.562831.120.69542.79513.0029.7940.242200.860.75542.04514.0028.0450.025580.811.72540.32513.3526.9760.0195

29、70.620.61540.94514.1226.8270.068190.710.56541.50514.0527.4580.272750.970.29542.04522.0020.0490.366490.950.27541.21513.0528.16100.377250.980.53540.94514.0026.94110.198011.010.64541.47513.0028.47120.550741.100.23541.92514.0027.92130.653301.300.95542.15514.0028.15140.215431.101.20540.37513.7526.62管段或節(jié)點(diǎn)

30、編號管段流量(L/s)管內(nèi)流速(m/s)管段壓降(m)節(jié)點(diǎn)水頭(m)地面標(biāo)高(m)自由水壓(m)150.171650.870.79539.39513.0326.36160.583880.920.58538.35513.2125.14170.276431.412.53537.96514.2723.69180.136640.860.63537.82513.8224.00190.148400.760.86539.04514.4324.61200.166540.850.99539.13513.2925.84210.090740.720.40539.74512.4527.29220.014940.210

31、.14230.028930.591.22240.016720.240.09250.053640.760.61260.121351.261.30270.089531.271.574.7確定控制點(diǎn)在水力分析時,假定節(jié)點(diǎn)(18)為控制點(diǎn),單經(jīng)過水力分析后,比較節(jié)點(diǎn)水頭與服務(wù)水頭,節(jié)點(diǎn)(17)的用水壓力要求不能滿足,所以,說明節(jié)點(diǎn)(18)不是真正的控制點(diǎn)。比較按假定控制點(diǎn)確定的節(jié)點(diǎn)水頭與服務(wù)水頭,可得到各節(jié)點(diǎn)的供水差額,差額最大的節(jié)點(diǎn)就是用水壓力最難滿足的節(jié)點(diǎn),即節(jié)點(diǎn)(17),最大差額為0.31m,所有節(jié)點(diǎn)水頭加上此值,可使用水壓力要求全部得到滿足,而管段壓降未變,能量方程仍滿足,自由水壓也應(yīng)同時加上

32、此值。計(jì)算過程見下表:控制點(diǎn)確定與節(jié)點(diǎn)水頭調(diào)整表4.10節(jié)點(diǎn)編號節(jié)點(diǎn)水頭(m)服務(wù)水頭(m)供水差額(m)節(jié)點(diǎn)水頭調(diào)整(m)地面標(biāo)高(m)自由水壓(m)1/544.31513.14/2543.48534.00-9.48543.79514.0029.793542.79533.00-9.79543.10513.0030.10節(jié)點(diǎn)編號節(jié)點(diǎn)水頭(m)服務(wù)水頭(m)供水差額(m)節(jié)點(diǎn)水頭調(diào)整(m)地面標(biāo)高(m)自由水壓(m)4542.04534.00-8.04542.35514.0028.355540.32533.35-6.97540.63513.3527.286540.94534.12-6.82541

33、.25514.1227.137541.50534.05-7.45541.81514.0527.768542.04/542.35522.00/9541.21533.05-8.16541.52513.0528.4710540.94534.00-6.94541.25514.0027.2511541.47533.00-8.47541.78513.0028.7812541.92534.00-7.92542.23514.0028.2313542.15534.00-8.15542.46514.0028.4614540.37537.75-2.62540.68513.7526.9315539.39537.03-

34、2.36539.70513.0326.6716538.35537.21-1.14538.66513.2125.4517537.96538.270.31538.27514.2724.0018537.82537.820.00538.13513.8224.3119539.04538.43-0.61539.35514.4324.9220539.13537.29-1.84539.44513.2926.1521539.74536.45-3.29540.05512.4527.60本設(shè)計(jì)要求控制點(diǎn)自由水頭滿足28m,調(diào)整后控制點(diǎn)的節(jié)點(diǎn)水頭為24m,因此所有節(jié)點(diǎn)水頭加上4m的差額,得到最終的節(jié)點(diǎn)水頭,計(jì)算結(jié)果見

35、下表:最終節(jié)點(diǎn)水頭確定表4.11節(jié)點(diǎn)編號服務(wù)水頭(m)調(diào)整節(jié)點(diǎn)水頭(m)地面標(biāo)高(m)自由水壓(m)最終節(jié)點(diǎn)水頭(m)1.00/544.31513.14/548.312.00534.00543.79514.0029.79547.793.00533.00543.10513.0030.10547.104.00534.00542.35514.0028.35546.355.00533.35540.63513.3527.28544.636.00534.12541.25514.1227.13545.257.00534.05541.81514.0527.76545.818.00/542.35522.00/5

36、46.359.00533.05541.52513.0528.47545.5210.00534.00541.25514.0027.25545.25節(jié)點(diǎn)編號服務(wù)水頭(m)調(diào)整節(jié)點(diǎn)水頭(m)地面標(biāo)高(m)自由水壓(m)最終節(jié)點(diǎn)水頭(m)11.00533.00541.78513.0028.78545.7812.00534.00542.23514.0028.23546.2313.00534.00542.46514.0028.46546.4614.00537.75540.68513.7526.93544.6815.00537.03539.70513.0326.67543.7016.00537.21538.

37、66513.2125.45542.6617.00538.27538.27514.2724.00542.2718.00537.82538.13513.8224.31542.1319.00538.43539.35514.4324.92543.3520.00537.29539.44513.2926.15543.4421.00536.45540.05512.4527.60544.054.8泵站揚(yáng)程設(shè)計(jì)在完成設(shè)計(jì)工況水力分析后,泵站揚(yáng)程可以直接根據(jù)其所在管段的水力特性確定。設(shè)泵站位于管段i,該管段起點(diǎn)水頭為HFi,終端節(jié)點(diǎn)水頭為HTi,該管段管道沿程水頭損失為hfi,管道局部水頭損失為hmi,則泵站揚(yáng)程

38、由兩部分組成,一部分用于提升水頭,即HTi-HFi,另一部分用于克服管道水頭損失,即hfi+hmi,所以泵站揚(yáng)程可以用下式計(jì)算:=(-)+(+)管道沿程水頭損失可以根據(jù)管段設(shè)計(jì)流量(即泵站設(shè)計(jì)流量)和管徑等計(jì)算,局部水頭損失一般可以忽略不計(jì),則上式可以寫成:=(-)+考慮到泵站內(nèi)部連接管的水頭損失,選擇水泵的揚(yáng)程一般略高于泵站的設(shè)計(jì)揚(yáng)程。根據(jù)本設(shè)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)和計(jì)算結(jié)果,根據(jù)式 有: =(547.7-513.14)+0.51 =34.73 (m)為了選泵,估計(jì)泵站內(nèi)部水頭損失。一般水泵吸壓水管道設(shè)計(jì)流速為1.22.0m/s, 局部阻力系數(shù)可按5.08.0考慮,沿程水頭損失較小,可以忽略不計(jì),則泵站內(nèi)部

39、水頭損失約為: (m)則水泵站揚(yáng)程應(yīng)為:Hp=34.73+1.63=37.23,取38m;按兩臺泵并聯(lián)工作考慮,但臺水泵流量為:1287.882=63.94(L/s)=2318.184 (t/h),取2320(t/h)4.9水塔高度設(shè)計(jì)在完成設(shè)計(jì)工況水力分析后,水塔高度也就隨之確定了。設(shè)水塔所在節(jié)點(diǎn)為Hj,地面高程為Zj,即水塔高度為:HT8=H8-Z8=546.19-522=24.19 (m)4.10管網(wǎng)設(shè)計(jì)校核消防工況校核給水管網(wǎng)的設(shè)計(jì)流量未計(jì)入消防流量,當(dāng)火災(zāi)發(fā)生在最高日最高時時,由于消防流量比較大,一般用戶的用水量肯定不能滿足。但消防時工況下,管網(wǎng)以保證滅火用水為主,其他用戶的用水可以

40、不必考慮,但其他用戶的用水會影響消防用水。所以,為了安全起見,要按最不利的情況即最高時用水量加上消防流量的工況進(jìn)行消防校核,但節(jié)點(diǎn)水頭只要求滿足火災(zāi)處節(jié)點(diǎn)的滅火服務(wù)水頭,而不必滿足正常用水的服務(wù)水頭。考慮兩處或兩處以上同時火災(zāi)時,消防流量一處加在控制點(diǎn)上,即節(jié)點(diǎn)(17),另一處加在節(jié)點(diǎn)(19),已知消防流量為55(L/s)。對于未發(fā)生火災(zāi)的節(jié)點(diǎn),其節(jié)點(diǎn)流量與最高時相同。滅火節(jié)點(diǎn)服務(wù)水頭按低壓消防考慮,即10m的自由水壓。消防工況校核一般采用水頭校核法,即先按上述方法確定各節(jié)點(diǎn)流量,通過水力分析,得到各節(jié)點(diǎn)水頭,判斷各節(jié)點(diǎn)水頭是否滿足消防服務(wù)水頭。水力平差過程見附表,消防工況水力分析計(jì)算結(jié)果見下

41、表:消防工況水力分析計(jì)算結(jié)果表4.12管段或節(jié)點(diǎn)編號管段流量(L/s)管內(nèi)流速(m/s)管段壓降(m)節(jié)點(diǎn)水頭(m)地面標(biāo)高(m)自由水壓(m)10.698940.70.61531.85513.14/20.368730.80.54531.24514.0017.2430.605541.10.82530.42513.0017.4240.260710.90.90529.52514.0015.52管段或節(jié)點(diǎn)編號管段流量(L/s)管內(nèi)流速(m/s)管段壓降(m)節(jié)點(diǎn)水頭(m)地面標(biāo)高(m)自由水壓(m)50.026180.81.80527.72513.3514.3760.018970.60.58528.

42、30514.1214.1870.067590.70.55528.85514.0514.8080.273351.00.29529.39522.00/90.385001.00.30528.56513.0515.51100.413741.00.61528.26514.0014.26110.226901.01.06528.87513.0015.87120.618031.10.27529.83514.0015.83130.720591.31.10530.10514.0016.10140.239641.11.56527.56513.7513.81150.189550.91.00526.48513.0313

43、.45160.655480.90.70525.01513.2111.80170.314831.43.35524.27514.2710.00180.146480.90.78524.26513.8210.44190.167030.80.98525.40514.4310.97200.204020.81.43525.75513.2912.46210.128220.70.74526.78512.4514.33220.003580.20.01230.026900.61.14240.026560.20.35250.083480.81.02260.164481.32.12270.108221.32.22根據(jù)水

44、力分析結(jié)果知,H1=531.81m,水泵揚(yáng)程為38m;531.85-513.14=18.71m 38m因此,滿足消防工況。水塔轉(zhuǎn)輸工況校核在最高用水時,由泵站和水塔同時向管網(wǎng)供水,但在一天內(nèi)泵站供水量大于用水量的一段時間里,多余的水經(jīng)管網(wǎng)送入水塔內(nèi)貯存,這種情況成為水塔轉(zhuǎn)輸工況。轉(zhuǎn)輸校核工況各節(jié)點(diǎn)流量按最大轉(zhuǎn)輸時用水量求出,一般假定各節(jié)點(diǎn)流量隨管網(wǎng)總用水量的變化成比例地增減,所以最大轉(zhuǎn)輸工況各節(jié)點(diǎn)流量可以按下式計(jì)算:本設(shè)計(jì)中:計(jì)算結(jié)果見下表:最大轉(zhuǎn)輸工況各節(jié)點(diǎn)流量計(jì)算表 表4.13節(jié)點(diǎn)編號節(jié)點(diǎn)流量(L/s)最大轉(zhuǎn)輸工況各節(jié)點(diǎn)流量(L/s)1-1287.88-1287.88271.7542.01

45、3105.1961.58444.9826.33545.1526.44648.6228.47727.7916.278-368.73317.96977.9045.601098.0357.401198.0357.401276.3044.6713102.5660.0514177.49103.9215168.7698.811675.8044.38節(jié)點(diǎn)編號節(jié)點(diǎn)流量(L/s)最大轉(zhuǎn)輸工況各節(jié)點(diǎn)流量(L/s)1775.8044.3818133.4078.1119109.1463.902056.9233.332163.0036.890.000.00本設(shè)計(jì)采用水頭校核法進(jìn)行最大轉(zhuǎn)輸流量工況校核,平差過程見附表,水

46、利分析結(jié)果見下表:最大轉(zhuǎn)輸工況水利分析計(jì)算結(jié)果表4.14管段或節(jié)點(diǎn)編號管段流量(L/s)管內(nèi)流速(m/s)管段壓降(m)節(jié)點(diǎn)水頭(m)地面標(biāo)高(m)自由水壓(m)10.643941.00.52550.89513.14/20.317960.80.41550.37514.0040.3730.627711.20.84549.53513.0040.5340.285911.01.03548.51514.0038.5150.027830.92.01546.50513.3537.1560.001390.10.00546.50514.1236.387-0.027080.3-0.10546.60514.0536

47、.5580.361311.30.48546.19522.0028.1990.175160.50.07547.08513.0538.03100.536261.41.01547.15514.0037.15110.254301.31.02548.16513.0039.16120.550711.10.23549.14514.0039.14130.610761.20.84549.98514.0039.98140.226031.21.32547.03513.7537.28150.231751.21.38547.01513.0337.98160.251950.40.12546.62513.2137.4117

48、0.251751.32.13546.45514.2736.18180.073000.50.20546.36513.8236.54190.003640.10.00546.54514.4336.11200.100740.50.39546.54513.2937.25管段或節(jié)點(diǎn)編號管段流量(L/s)管內(nèi)流速(m/s)管段壓降(m)節(jié)點(diǎn)水頭(m)地面標(biāo)高(m)自由水壓(m)210.056360.40.16546.84512.4538.39220.011980.20.09230.010290.20.18240.002780.10.00250.036110.50.29260.071390.70.49270.

49、055840.80.65根據(jù)水力分析結(jié)果知:H1=550.89m,水泵揚(yáng)程為38m;550.89-513.14=37.75m 38m因此,滿足轉(zhuǎn)輸工況。事故工況校核管網(wǎng)主要管線損壞時必須及時檢修,在檢修期間和恢復(fù)供水前,該管段停止輸水,整個管網(wǎng)的輸水特性必然改變,供水能力降低。國家有關(guān)規(guī)定,城市給水管網(wǎng)在事故工況下,必須保證70%以上用水量。一般按最不利事故工況進(jìn)行校核,即考慮靠近供水泵站的主干管在最高時損壞的情況。節(jié)點(diǎn)壓力仍按設(shè)計(jì)時的服務(wù)水頭要求(即滿足用戶最低自由水壓要求),當(dāng)事故搶修時間短,且斷水造成損失小時,接點(diǎn)壓力要求可適當(dāng)降低。節(jié)點(diǎn)流量按下式計(jì)算:事故工況各節(jié)點(diǎn)流量=事故工況供水比

50、例最高時工況各節(jié)點(diǎn)流量事故工況校核一般采用水頭校核法,先從管網(wǎng)刪除事故管段,調(diào)低節(jié)點(diǎn)流量,通過水力分析,得到各節(jié)點(diǎn)水頭,將他們與節(jié)點(diǎn)服務(wù)水頭比較,全部高于服務(wù)水頭為滿足要求。本設(shè)計(jì)中刪除管段13,事故工況各節(jié)點(diǎn)流量見下表:事故工況個節(jié)點(diǎn)流量計(jì)算表 表4.15節(jié)點(diǎn)編號節(jié)點(diǎn)流量(L/s)事故工況各節(jié)點(diǎn)流量(L/s)1-1287.88-901.52271.7550.233105.1973.63444.9831.49545.1531.61648.6234.03727.7919.458-368.73-258.11977.9054.531098.0368.621198.0368.621276.3053.4

51、1節(jié)點(diǎn)編號節(jié)點(diǎn)流量(L/s)事故工況各節(jié)點(diǎn)流量(L/s)13102.5671.7914177.49124.2415168.76118.131675.8053.061775.8053.0618133.4093.3819109.1476.402056.9239.842163.0044.100.000.00水力平差過程見附表,事故工況水利分析結(jié)果見下表:事故工況水利分析計(jì)算結(jié)果表4.16管段或節(jié)點(diǎn)編號管段流量(L/s)管內(nèi)流速(m/s)管段壓降(m)節(jié)點(diǎn)水頭(m)地面標(biāo)高(m)自由水壓(m)10.450760.70.27550.49513.14/20.317960.80.41550.22514.00

52、36.2230.851291.61.48548.74513.0035.7440.358681.31.56547.18514.0033.1850.029320.92.21544.98513.3531.6360.002290.10.01544.99514.1230.8770.036320.40.17545.16514.0531.1180.202340.70.17/522.00/90.445681.20.38545.00513.0531.95100.050360.10.01544.61514.0030.61110.246291.30.96544.63513.0031.63120.071790.10.

53、01543.69514.0029.6913/543.68514.0029.68140.418982.14.13544.21513.7530.46150.297871.52.20543.14513.0330.11160.481130.80.40542.62513.2129.41170.121090.60.55542.43514.2728.16180.092440.60.30542.39513.8228.57190.170740.91.12543.38514.4328.95管段或節(jié)點(diǎn)編號管段流量(L/s)管內(nèi)流速(m/s)管段壓降(m)節(jié)點(diǎn)水頭(m)地面標(biāo)高(m)自由水壓(m)200.113620

54、.60.49543.40513.2930.11210.060560.50.19543.91512.4531.46220.007500.10.04230.025800.50.99240.008500.10.03250.048340.70.50260.093711.00.81270.060080.90.75根據(jù)水力分析結(jié)果知,事故工況時可以滿足各節(jié)點(diǎn)的服務(wù)水頭,H1=550.49m,水泵揚(yáng)程為38m;550.49-513.14=37.35m 38m因此,滿足事故工況。七、節(jié)點(diǎn)詳圖五、管材選用本設(shè)計(jì)管網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)過河管材選用鋼鐵管,其余棺材選用鑄鐵管,在適當(dāng)位置設(shè)置鑄鐵閥門,管道轉(zhuǎn)彎處設(shè)置彎頭,管線交叉處

55、設(shè)置三通或四通。六、其它問題設(shè)計(jì)過程中采用EXCEL軟件進(jìn)行各個工況的水利平差及水力分析計(jì)算,在整個過程中由于對EXCEL的使用不當(dāng)造成了許多不必要的錯誤。在工況校核時,對于工況校核的目的及方法了解不夠透徹,造成了校核的錯誤,導(dǎo)致對其進(jìn)行多次改正,增加了設(shè)計(jì)量,在轉(zhuǎn)輸校核時,本設(shè)計(jì)未采用流量校核法,而是用水頭校核法進(jìn)行事故工況校核。附表設(shè)計(jì)工況水力平差表(一)初分配流量下的管段數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)算管段編號管段長度li管段直徑Di管段阻力系數(shù)si初分配管段流量qi管段壓降hi管段阻尼系數(shù)zi3 380.00 0.80 1.99 0.60807 0.79 2.41 4 490.00 0.60 10.43 0.

56、25144 0.81 5.96 5 340.00 0.20 1523.94 0.02377 1.50 116.68 6 200.00 0.20 896.44 0.02138 0.72 62.71 7 275.00 0.35 80.77 0.07000 0.59 15.52 8 150.00 0.60 3.19 0.27094 0.28 1.94 9 170.00 0.70 1.71 0.37573 0.28 1.37 10 320.00 0.70 3.21 0.36801 0.50 2.54 11 250.00 0.50 12.93 0.21460 0.75 6.45 12 130.00 0.

57、80 0.68 0.50550 0.19 0.71 13 400.00 0.80 2.10 0.60806 0.83 2.54 14 400.00 0.50 20.68 0.25144 1.60 11.81 15 400.00 0.50 20.68 0.18269 0.89 9.00 16 530.00 0.90 1.57 0.64571 0.70 2.00 17 530.00 0.50 27.40 0.21460 1.58 13.68 18 290.00 0.45 25.05 0.17000 0.94 10.25 19 570.00 0.50 29.47 0.19822 1.47 13.75

58、 20 530.00 0.50 27.40 0.20000 1.39 12.88 21 220.00 0.40 33.72 0.12420 0.71 10.56 22 530.00 0.30 329.76 0.04840 1.21 46.27 23 570.00 0.25 861.81 0.04094 2.32 104.86 24 290.00 0.30 180.44 0.05008 0.70 26.07 25 220.00 0.30 136.88 0.08700 1.49 31.66 26 220.00 0.35 64.61 0.10000 0.91 16.83 27 220.00 0.30

59、 136.88 0.04406 0.42 17.73 h1= h13 + h12 + h11 - h14 - h3 =-0.62 h2= h14 + h10 - h9 - h15 - h4 =0.13 h3= h15 - h8 + h7 + h6 - h5 =0.42 h4= h17 - h19 - h16 - h10 - h11 =-1.84 h5= h20 + h21 + h22 - h27 =2.89 h6= h19 + h27 - h23 - h26 =-1.33 h7= h26 - h24 - h25 - h18 =-2.22 設(shè)計(jì)工況水力平差表(一)第一次施加環(huán)流量后的管段數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)算

60、管段編號管段阻力系數(shù)si原管段流量qi新的管段流量qi管段壓降hi管段阻尼系數(shù)zi3 1.99 0.60807 0.58207 0.73 2.33 4 10.43 0.25144 0.25580 0.83 6.04 5 1523.94 0.02377 0.02579 1.74 125.09 6 896.44 0.02138 0.01936 0.60 57.62 7 80.77 0.07000 0.06798 0.56 15.14 8 3.19 0.27094 0.27296 0.29 1.96 9 1.71 0.37573 0.38009 0.28 1.39 10 3.21 0.36801 0

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