專題十一數(shù)詞和主謂一致課件

1、專題十一 數(shù)詞和主謂一致熱點(diǎn)考向一數(shù)詞的基本用法1. 數(shù)詞的分類2. “數(shù)詞普通名詞形容詞”構(gòu)成的合成形容詞中，數(shù)詞和普通名詞都要用單數(shù)形式。a threeyearold boy一個(gè)三歲的男孩a twomilelong walk一段兩英里的路程3. 在表達(dá)分?jǐn)?shù)時(shí)，分子用基數(shù)詞，分母用序數(shù)詞，分?jǐn)?shù)的分子超過(guò)“1”時(shí)，分母須加s。如one tenth(1/10)，three tenths(3/10)。4. 英語(yǔ)中表示年代時(shí)，直接在年份前面加定冠詞the，再在年份后面加s或s，如“20世紀(jì)80年代”，可表示為the 1980s或the 1980s。5. 年齡表達(dá)法(1)基數(shù)詞(years old)(

2、2)at(the age of)基數(shù)詞(3)in ones twenties在某人二十幾歲時(shí)(4)of基數(shù)詞a boy of five(5)與基數(shù)詞合成的定語(yǔ)，名詞要用單數(shù)a fiveyearold boy(6)基數(shù)詞名詞合成復(fù)合形容詞，作前置定語(yǔ)，名詞用單數(shù)形式。a fiveyear plan一個(gè)五年計(jì)劃6. dozen和score的用法(1)dozen表示：一打，十二個(gè)；score表示：二十；(2)當(dāng)dozen與數(shù)詞或many，several等連用時(shí)，不加“s”，所修飾的名詞前常省去“of”；score則不然。two dozen pencils兩打鉛筆two score of books四

3、十本書(shū)dozens of people scores of people許多人(3)當(dāng)后面的名詞前有these，those或?yàn)榇~them，us等時(shí)，dozen后應(yīng)加“of”。a dozen of these peopletwo dozen of them熱點(diǎn)考向二主謂一致1. 就近一致原則(1)由or, either.or.，neither.nor.，not only.but also.等連接的并列主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常與最近的主語(yǔ)在單復(fù)數(shù)上保持一致。Either you or he is to go.要么你去，要么他去。Are neither you nor I fit for the work

4、?你和我都不適合這份工作嗎？“with/along with/together with/including/but/except/like/as well as/no more than/besides/rather than名詞”置于主語(yǔ)后，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般仍與前面的名詞在單復(fù)數(shù)上保持一致。Henry，rather than Jane and John，is responsible for the loss.損失的責(zé)任應(yīng)由亨利而不是由簡(jiǎn)和約翰來(lái)承擔(dān)。The teacher as well as the students was reading in the library.老師和學(xué)生們?cè)趫D書(shū)館

5、里閱讀。(2)由there，here引起的主語(yǔ)不止一個(gè)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)通常和最鄰近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。There is a pencil and two pens in the pencilbox.文具盒內(nèi)有一支鉛筆和兩支鋼筆。2. 意義一致原則(1)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)的情況由連詞and連接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出現(xiàn)。The worker and writer is from Wuhan.那個(gè)工人兼作家來(lái)自武漢?！皀o/each/every/many a單數(shù)名詞andno/each/every/many a單數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)。Every man and every woman has a go

6、od reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers.每一個(gè)人都很有理由為他們的父親所從事的職業(yè)感到驕傲。Each boy and each girl has been invited to the teaparty.每個(gè)男孩和每個(gè)女孩都被邀請(qǐng)參加茶話會(huì)。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、名詞性從句作主語(yǔ)。Reading often means learning.讀書(shū)常意味著學(xué)習(xí)。To read English aloud every morning does you a lot of good.每天早晨大聲朗讀英語(yǔ)對(duì)你有許多好處。Whatever was

7、left was taken away.無(wú)論剩下了什么都被拿走了。 (2)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)的情況由and連接的兩個(gè)并列成分表示兩個(gè)不同的概念。Both bread and butter are sold out.面包和黃油都賣完了。people，police，cattle等有生命的集體名詞作主語(yǔ)。People read for pleasure during their spare time.人們閑暇之余的閱讀是為了消遣。what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式，若從句謂語(yǔ)或從句后的表語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)形式，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。What they need are books.他們需要的是書(shū)。1.

8、 Generally, students inner motivation with high expectations from others_(be) essential to their development.答案：is解析：句意：一般來(lái)說(shuō)，學(xué)生們的內(nèi)在動(dòng)機(jī)及來(lái)自他人的高期望對(duì)他們的發(fā)展是必要的。本題考查主謂一致。本題中由with連接兩個(gè)成分，即A with B，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)該和A保持一致，所以本句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該和students inner motivation保持一致，用單數(shù)。本句說(shuō)的是一般情況，所以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。2. The famous musician, as well

9、 as his students, _(invite) to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo.答案：was invited解析：句意：那位著名音樂(lè)家和他的學(xué)生應(yīng)邀在2012年臺(tái)北花博會(huì)開(kāi)幕式上演出。本題既考查主謂一致又考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。題干中的主語(yǔ)是The famous musician，是單數(shù)形式，與invite是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。根據(jù)the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo可知謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。3. The university estimates that living expenses

10、 for international students _ around $8, 450 a year, which_a burden for some of them.(be)答案：are; is解析：句意：這所大學(xué)估計(jì)留學(xué)生一年的生活費(fèi)用大約是8,450美元，這一點(diǎn)對(duì)于他們中的一些人來(lái)說(shuō)是個(gè)負(fù)擔(dān)。本題考查主謂一致。第一空：因?yàn)橹髡Z(yǔ)是living expenses，是復(fù)數(shù)，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式are；第二空：主語(yǔ)是which，用來(lái)替代前面的句子，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式is。4All the scientific evidence _(show) that increasing use

11、of chemicals in farming _(be) damaging our health.答案：shows; is解析：考查主謂一致。evidence作“證據(jù)，證明”講時(shí)是不可數(shù)名詞，故第一空用shows；increasing use of chemicals in farming是動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)，故第二空用is。5Walmart, which is one of the largest American supermarket chains，_(keep) some of its stores open 24 hours on Mondays through Saturdays.答案：keeps解析：考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：沃爾瑪是美國(guó)最大的連鎖超市之一，部分店從星期一到星期六24小時(shí)營(yíng)業(yè)。根據(jù)句中的“is”可知，此處應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)為Walmart，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)。6The basketball coach, as well as his team，_(be) interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance.答案：was 解析