語法篇專形容詞和副詞課件

1、專題四 形容詞和副詞一、形容詞分類及基本用法 形容詞就是用來修飾名詞或不定代詞，表示人或事物的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征的詞。基本用法如下表： 分類功能例詞定語形容詞 作定語、表語和補(bǔ)語等。 hot, cold, etc. 表語形容詞作表語，有的可作后置定語 well, ill, glad, sorry, fond, worth, able, afraid, alone, asleep, alive, awake, alike, afraid, etc. 二、復(fù)合形容詞構(gòu)成例詞形容詞+名詞+ed kind-hearted, white-haired 形容詞+形容詞 red-hot, dark-blue

2、形容詞+現(xiàn)在分詞 good-looking, easy-going 副詞+現(xiàn)在分詞 hard-working, fast-moving 副詞+過去分詞 hard-won, newly-built 名詞+形容詞 life-long, world-famous 名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞 peace-loving, fun-loving 名詞+過去分詞 snow-covered, hand-made 數(shù)詞+名詞 ten-year, two-man 數(shù)詞+名詞+ed four-storied, three-legged 數(shù)詞+名詞+形容詞 three-year-old 三、副詞分類及基本用法 副詞是用來修飾動詞

3、、形容詞、其他副詞和全句的詞匯。 副詞分類及用法如下表： 分類例詞用法例句時間副詞 today, yesterday, soon, recently, suddenly, still, already, just, etc. 可位于句首、句中或句尾。 He went home yesterday. Yesterday he went home. He went to Paris recently. He recently went to Paris.Recently he went to Paris. 地點(diǎn)副詞 here, there, up, down, away, nearby, home

4、, ahead, abroad, indoors, overseas, halfway, upstairs, downstairs, etc. 常用于句末或句首，從不位于主語和謂語之間。 Can you help to carry this table upstairs?The boy read quietly over there all afternoon. 方式副詞 carefully, happily, quietly, heavily, warmly, correctly, politely, angrily, etc. 通常位于動詞(及其賓語)之后；在“動詞+介詞+賓語”結(jié)構(gòu)中，方

5、式副詞既可位于“介詞+賓語”之前，也可位于He read the letter slowly.He looked at me curiously. He looked curiously at me. He looked curiously at everyone who got off“介詞+賓語”之后；單個的方式副詞有時也可位于主語與動詞之間。the plane.He quickly got dressed. 頻度副詞 always, continually, frequently, often, once,twice, repeatedly, sometimes, usually, ev

6、er,hardly ever,never, rarely, scarcely， ever, seldom, etc. 位于實(shí)義動詞之前，be動詞、助動詞、情態(tài)動詞之后；如果有兩個助動詞，頻度副詞通常放在第一個助動詞后面。 He often comes to see us. He is seldom late for school. We have never been invited to one of their parties.She was always late.I know I should take exercise, but I never do. 程度副詞 fairly, pr

7、etty, rather, quite, very, much, too, greatly, almost, nearly, half, highly, awfully, deeply, partly, perfectly, really, etc. 主要修飾形容詞和副詞，有的還可修飾比較級(如much, rather 等)和最高級(如quite, much, almost 等)；有的可修飾動詞，有的則不能。 Houses are much more expensive these days.This is quite/much the most expensive radio here.I

8、quite agree with you.He drives very carefully. 連接副詞 therefore, besides,however,moreover,still, thus,meanwhile, etc. 用于連接句子，性質(zhì)類似于并列連詞，使用時其前通常用分號或句號；若其前用逗號，則通常帶有并列連詞(如and)。 I dont like it; besides, its too expensive. We all tried our best; however, we lost the game.We all tried our best. However, we l

9、ost the game. when, why, where, how, etc. 用于引導(dǎo)從句或不定式。 Tell me when we shall leave. Tell me when to leave. I donknow how I can find him.I dont know how to find him. 關(guān)系副詞 when, where, why 用于引出定語從句。 Sunday is the day when very few people go to work.Thats the reason why he dislikes me. Do you know a sho

10、p where I can find sandals? 疑問副詞 when, where, why, how 用于引出特殊疑問句。 Where do you come from?When will it be ready?Why was she crying? 句子副詞 actually, certainly, clearly, definitely, evidently, surely, fortunately, frankly, honestly, luckily, obviously, perhaps, possibly, unexpectedly, etc. 用于修飾句子(而不是修飾某

11、個單詞)，反映說話人的觀點(diǎn)和看法。 Obviously he cant tell the difference between them. I arrived late but luckily the meeting had been delayed. 【考點(diǎn)一】考查多個形容詞修飾一個名詞的排列順序熟記口訣就可以順利解題：限定描繪大長高,形狀年齡和新老,顏色國籍和材料,作用類別往后靠。說明：（1）“限定詞”包括：冠詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、或數(shù)詞，它位于各類形容詞前。它本身分為三位，即：前、中、后。前位限定詞有all、half、both、分?jǐn)?shù)和倍數(shù)；中位限定詞有冠詞、指示代詞、物主代詞等；后位限

12、定詞有基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞，但序數(shù)詞位于基數(shù)詞前。（2）“描繪”性形容詞,如beautiful, bad, cold, great, etc.（3）“大長高”表示大小、長短、高低等一些詞；（4）表示“形狀”的詞，如round, square, etc.（5）“國籍”指一個國家或地區(qū)的詞；“出”指出處?！安牧稀钡脑~，如wooden, woolen, stone, silk, etc.（6）“作用類別”的詞，如medical, college, writing (desk), police (car), etc. 【考點(diǎn)二】考查形容詞作定語的后置規(guī)律形容詞作定語一般位于所修飾的名詞前，但下列三種情況形容

13、詞要后置：（1）形容詞短語作定語時要后置。Students brave enough to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills. （2）表語形容詞作定語要后置。常見的表語形容詞有：afraid, alike, alone, asleep, awake, alive, etc.。All the people present at the party were his supporters.（3）形容詞作定語修飾由不定代詞one、no、any、some和every構(gòu)成的復(fù)合詞，如anythin

14、g、something等時，通常后置。I have something important to tell you. 【考點(diǎn)三】形容詞作伴隨狀語和原因狀語形容詞充當(dāng)狀語多表示主語的狀態(tài)。He spent 7 days in the wind and snow, cold and hungry.Afraid of being caught, the thief hid himself under a bed. 【考點(diǎn)四】考查-ed形容詞和-ing形容詞的區(qū)別-ed形容詞，通常說明人，意為“(某人)感到”；-ing形容詞通常說明事物，意為“(某事物)令人”或“令人的(事物)”。這樣成對的形容詞有：

15、interested /interesting; excited /exciting; frightened /frightening; surprised /surprising; pleased /pleasing; moved /moving; disappointed /disappointing等。Laws that punish parents for their little childrens actions against the laws get parents worried.It is believed that if a book is interesting, it

16、 will surely interest the reader. 注意：即使-ed形容詞用以說明事物，那也是指與該事物相關(guān)的人；即使-ing形容詞用以說明人，也是指此人具有該性質(zhì)或特征。He told me the news in an excited voice. The man is interesting. 【考點(diǎn)五】考查形容詞或副詞的比較級和最高級形容詞、副詞比較級和最高級的常用句型名稱結(jié)構(gòu)例句相等 as+原級+asMiss Xu speaks English as fluently as you. as+原級+a/an+單數(shù)名詞+as He is as honest a man a

17、s you .as many+名詞復(fù)數(shù)+as；as much+不可數(shù)名詞+as I have as many books as you. 倍數(shù)+ as+原級+ a This room is three times as large as that one. 不及 not as/so+原級+as This building looks not so (as) high as that one. less+原級+than This room is less beautiful than that one. 超過 比較級+than Health is more important than weal

18、th. the+比較級+of the two，表示“兩者中較的一個” He is the taller of the two. 否定詞+比較級 no+比較級+than，表示“兩者都不” This book is no more interesting than that one. 再不過（可譯為“非常，十分”） His work couldnt be worse. 程度遞增 -er+and+-er，more and more+多音節(jié)詞原級，表示“越來越” The weather is getting colder and colder.The girl becomes more and mor

19、e beautiful. 兩種情況同時變化 the+比較級，the +比較級，表示“越，越” The harder he works, the happier he feels. 三者或三者以上比較 the+最高級+of/ in + 比較范圍，表示“之中最” Of all things in the world, people are the most precious. 【考點(diǎn)六】考查形容詞與副詞區(qū)別（1）“名詞+ly”構(gòu)成的是形容詞，而不是副詞。這類形容詞有friendly, lovely, weekly, monthly, daily等。（2）too much和much too的區(qū)別to

20、o much可以充當(dāng)形容詞，含義是“太多的”，后接不可數(shù)名詞；充當(dāng)副詞用時，可用來修飾動詞；充當(dāng)代詞用時，后面不接名詞，代替上下文提到的事物。I have too much homework to do.Watching TV too much is bad for your health.You gave me too much.much too充當(dāng)副詞，意為“太”，在句中修飾形容詞或副詞。Its much too expensive. 【考點(diǎn)七】考查比較等級的修飾語用于比較級前 a lot, much, even, still, far, a great deal, rather, two

21、 years, 5%, twice, any（常用于否定句或疑問句中） etc. My deskmate is even fatter than me. many, a few (用于“more+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”前) It takes many more hours to go there by train than by plane. 用于最高級前 the very, much, by far, the first/second, etc. This cake is by far the largest in the world. 【難點(diǎn)一】考查likely, possible與probabl

22、e的辨析用恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~完成下列句子，使之完整、正確I am _ to be late for the film.It is _ for us to finish the work within three hours.It is _ that the headmaster will come to listen to our class.解析：likely常指從表面跡象來判斷有可能，常用結(jié)構(gòu)有：sb. / sth.+be+likely+to do sth.；It is likely+that-clause；possible表示客觀上的可能性，常構(gòu)成的結(jié)構(gòu)有：It is possible (for

23、sb.) to do sth.；It is possible+that-clause；probable表示“可能發(fā)生或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的”，比possible的可能性大。常構(gòu)成的句型有： sth. is probable; It is probable + that-clause。綜上分析可知，題填likely；題填possible；題填possible或probable。另外，likely還可用作定語形容詞，意為“似乎合適的、有希望的”。She is the most likely girl to win the prize.她是最有希望得獎的女孩。 【難點(diǎn)二】考查形容詞alive, lively, l

24、iving和live的辨析用恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~完成下列句子，使之完整、正確He is telling a very _ story.We found the snake _.The _ are more important to us than the dead.The fish is still _ .They are watching a _ television show now.解析：lively 有“活潑的，快活的，生動的”等意思，可以指人或物，可作定語或表語；但它沒有“活著的”意思；alive、live、living都有“活的、有生命的”意思，但live通常只作前置定語，且一般用于動物；al

25、ive、living不僅可作定語（alive只能置于名詞后；living置于名詞前后均可），也可以作表語；只有alive可作賓語補(bǔ)足語；只有l(wèi)iving前加the方可表示“活著的人”，作主語時，視作復(fù)數(shù)。所以，題填lively，題填alive，題填living，題alive和living均可，題填live。 【難點(diǎn)三】考查senior, junior, superior, inferior等詞與to連用表示比較的概念用恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~完成下列句子，使之完整、正確Their watch is superior _ all the other watches on the market.He runs a

26、 lot faster _ I.解析：某些以-ior結(jié)尾的形容詞不用比較形式卻能表達(dá)比較概念，其后要接介詞to。這些詞有inferior（劣等的，次的）、superior（較好的，優(yōu)于）、junior（資歷較淺的）、senior（資格較老的）、prior（在之前）等。因此，題填to；題是比較級，填than。1. I have seldom seen my mother _ pleased with my progress as she is now.(2010全國)A. so B. very C. too D. rather解析：選A?？疾樾稳菰~的平級比較。句意為：我很少看到媽媽像現(xiàn)在一樣為我

27、的進(jìn)步如此開心。題干中的關(guān)鍵詞是as，結(jié)合句意可知，這里是形容詞please的平級比較。2. Mr. Black is very happy because the clothes made in his factory have never been _.(2010全國)popular B. more popularC. most popular D. the most popular解析：選B?？疾樾稳菰~的比較級。句意為：Black先生很高興，因?yàn)樗S生產(chǎn)的服裝從沒像現(xiàn)在這樣受歡迎。否定比較級相當(dāng)于肯定，類似的還有too, enough。3. It took us quite a lon

28、g time to get to the amusement park. It was _ journey. (2010上海)A. three hour B. a three-hours C. a three-hour D. three hours解析：選C?？疾閺?fù)合形容詞?！叭r的路程”有兩種表達(dá)方式：a three-hour journey和three hours journey。4. _, she is the sort of woman to spread sunshine to people through her smile.(2010安徽)A. Shy and cautious

29、 B. Sensitive and thoughtfulC. Honest and confidentD. Lighthearted and optimistic解析：選D?？疾樾稳菰~作狀語。句意為：愉快與樂觀的她，是那種通過微笑把陽光撒給他人的女士。 shy and cautious害羞而小心的；sensitive and thoughtful敏感而多慮的；honest and confident誠實(shí)而自信的；lighthearted and optimistic豁達(dá)而樂觀的。5. Drunk driving, which was once a _ occurrence, is now un

30、der control.(2010福建)A. general B. frequent C. normal D. particular 解析：選B?？疾樾稳菰~辨析。句意為：曾經(jīng)一度常發(fā)事故的醉酒駕車現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)被控制了。frequent頻繁的；general一般的；normal正常的； particular特別的，特定的。6. In this lecture, I can only give you a purely _ view of how we can live life to the full and make some suggestions about the future.(2010湖

31、北) A. private B. personal C. unique D. different解析：選B。考查形容詞辨析。句意為：在這次演講里，關(guān)于我們怎樣盡情生活我只能給你（們）純粹的個人觀點(diǎn)，并就未來提一些建議。private私人的，私有的；personal個人的；unique唯一的，獨(dú)特的；different不同的。7. Mistakes dont just happen; they occur for a reason. Find out the reason, and then making the mistake becomes _.(2010湖北)A. favourable B

32、. precious C. essential D. worthwhile解析：選D?？疾樾稳菰~辨析。句意為：犯錯并沒有發(fā)生；犯錯是有原因的。弄清楚犯錯的原因，那么犯錯就是值得的。favourable贊成的，有利的；precious寶貴的，貴重的；essential本質(zhì)的，實(shí)質(zhì)的；worthwhile值得做的。8. If I find someone who looks like the suspect, my _ reaction will be to tell the police.(2010湖北) A. physical B. immediate C. sensitive D. sudd

33、en解析：選B?？疾樾稳菰~辨析。句意為：如果我發(fā)現(xiàn)某人看起來像嫌疑犯，我馬上采取的行動就是告訴警察。physical身體的，物理的；immediate立即的；sensitive敏感的，靈敏的；sudden突然的，意外的。9. Computers and mobile phones, though they are indeed making our life _ and more _, have reduced the need for face-to-face communications.(2010江西)A. easily; efficient B. easier; efficientC.

34、 easy; efficiently D. easily; efficiently解析：選B?？疾樾稳菰~的比較級。句意為：盡管計算機(jī)和手機(jī)確實(shí)使我們的生活變得更有效率了，但是也降低了面對面交流的需求。make +life+形容詞，而且后面為比較級，符合語境。10. Mothers holding jobs outside the home should have _ schedules to make it easier to care for their children.(2010山東) A. heavy B. smooth C. flexible D. complex解析：選C?？疾樾稳?/p>

35、詞詞義辨析。句意為：在外工作的母親們應(yīng)該有靈活的時間以便照看孩子們。表示“靈活的”用flexible 。heavy沉重的； smooth光滑的，滑順的； complex復(fù)雜的，難懂的。11. Studies show that people are more _ to suffer from back problems if they always sit before computer screens for long hours. (2010陜西) A. likely B. possible C. probable D. sure解析：選A?？疾樾稳菰~詞義辨析。句意為：研究表明，如果總是長

36、時間地坐在電腦屏幕前，人的背部很有可能會出現(xiàn)毛病。所填詞作表語，主語是人，表示“可能”的意思。12. The school was moved out of downtown as the number of students had grown too _.(2010四川) A. small B. few C. large D. many解析：選C。考查形容詞辨析。句意為：由于學(xué)生的數(shù)量增長過快，所以學(xué)校從市中心地區(qū)搬出來了。the number of 意為“的數(shù)量”，其后的形容詞應(yīng)為大小，不用多少。 10. Mothers holding jobs outside the home sho

37、uld have _ schedules to make it easier to care for their children.(2010山東) A. heavy B. smooth C. flexible D. complex解析：選C?？疾樾稳菰~詞義辨析。句意為：在外工作的母親們應(yīng)該有靈活的時間以便照看孩子們。表示“靈活的”用flexible 。heavy沉重的； smooth光滑的，滑順的； complex復(fù)雜的，難懂的。11. Studies show that people are more _ to suffer from back problems if they alway

38、s sit before computer screens for long hours. (2010陜西) A. likely B. possible C. probable D. sure解析：選A?？疾樾稳菰~詞義辨析。句意為：研究表明，如果總是長時間地坐在電腦屏幕前，人的背部很有可能會出現(xiàn)毛病。所填詞作表語，主語是人，表示“可能”的意思。12. The school was moved out of downtown as the number of students had grown too _.(2010四川) A. small B. few C. large D. many解析：

39、選C?？疾樾稳菰~辨析。句意為：由于學(xué)生的數(shù)量增長過快，所以學(xué)校從市中心地區(qū)搬出來了。the number of 意為“的數(shù)量”，其后的形容詞應(yīng)為大小，不用多少。 13. People have always been _ about exactly how life on earth began.(2010天津) A. curious B. excited C. anxious D. careful解析：選A?？疾樾稳菰~的意義和用法。句意為：人們一直對地球生命的起源感到好奇。根據(jù)介詞about后面賓語從句的意義，可以確定前面表示的是好奇，be curious about 對感到好奇。14. I

40、 have been convinced that the print media are usually more _ and more reliable than television.(2010浙江)A. accurate B. ridiculous C. urgentD. shallow 解析：選A?？疾樾稳菰~辨析。句意為：我確信印刷的媒體材料比電視更精確、更加可靠。accurate精確的；ridiculous可笑的，滑稽的；urgent緊急的；shallow淺的，膚淺的。15. The island is _ attractive in spring and autumn because of the pleasant weather in both seasons.(2010全國) A. partly B. merely C. nearly D. equally 解析：選D?？疾楦痹~辨析。句意為：這個