化工專業(yè)英語詞匯(共14頁)

1、化工(hugng)專業(yè)英語詞匯reaction kinetics 反應(yīng)(fnyng)動力學(xué)reactant 反應(yīng)物purify 精制(jngzh)提純recycle 循環(huán)回收 unconverted reactant未轉(zhuǎn)化的反應(yīng)物chemical reactortransfer of heat, evaporation, crystallization結(jié)晶drying干燥screening篩選，浮選chemical reaction化學(xué)反應(yīng)cracking of petroleum石油裂解catalyst催化劑， reaction zone反應(yīng)區(qū)conservation of mass and

2、 energy能量與質(zhì)量守衡定律technical advance 技術(shù)進步efficiency improvement 效率提高reaction 反應(yīng)separation 分離 heat exchange 熱交換 reactive distillation 反應(yīng)精餾capital expenditure 基建投資setup 裝置capital outlay 費用，成本，基建投資yield 產(chǎn)率，收率reaction byproduct 反應(yīng)副產(chǎn)物equilibrium constant 平衡常數(shù)waste 廢物feedstock 進料，原料product 產(chǎn)物，產(chǎn)品percent conve

3、rsion百分比轉(zhuǎn)化率ether 乙醚gasoline汽油oxygenate content 氧含量catalyst 催化劑reactant 反應(yīng)物inert 惰性物，不參加反應(yīng)的物質(zhì)reactive distillation 反應(yīng)精餾energy saving 節(jié)約(jiyu)能量energy efficiency 能量(nngling)效率heat-sensitive material 熱敏性物質(zhì)(wzh)pharmaceutical 制藥foodstuff 食品gas diffusivity氣體擴散性，氣體擴散系數(shù)gas adsorption 吸收；absorption：吸附specia

4、lty chemical特殊化學(xué)品，特種化學(xué)品batch間歇的；continuous：連續(xù)的micro-reactor 微型反應(yīng)器hydrogen and methane oxidation 氫氣和甲烷氧化反應(yīng)ethylene epoxidation 乙烯環(huán)氧化反應(yīng)phosgene synthesis 光氣合成.commercial proportions 商業(yè)規(guī)模replication 復(fù)制sensor 傳感器，探頭separation of solids 固體分離suspension 懸浮液 porous medium 多孔介質(zhì)filtration 過濾medium 介質(zhì)filter 過濾

5、器trap 收集，捕集Buchner funnel 布氏漏斗Vacuum 真空conical funnel 錐形漏斗filter paper 濾紙area 面積filter cake 濾餅factor 因數(shù)，因子，系數(shù)，比例viscosity 黏度density 密度 corrosive property 腐蝕性particle size 顆粒尺寸shape 形狀size distribution 粒度分布packing characteristics填充性質(zhì)concentration 濃度filtrate 濾液feed liquor 進料液pretreatment 預(yù)處理latent hea

6、t 潛熱resistance 阻力surface layer 表面層filtering medium 過濾(gul)介質(zhì)drop in pressure 壓降 filtering surface 過濾(gul)表面filter cake 濾餅(l bn)cake filtration 餅層過濾deep bed filtration 深層過濾depth 深度law 定律net flow 凈流量conduction 傳導(dǎo) convection 對流radiation 輻射 temperature gradient 溫度梯度metallic solid 金屬固體thermal conduction

7、熱傳導(dǎo)motion of unbound electrons 自由電子的運動electrical conductivity 導(dǎo)電性thermal conductivity 導(dǎo)熱性poor conductor of electricity 不良導(dǎo)電體transport of momentum 動量傳遞 the random motion of molecules 分子無規(guī)則運動brick wall 墻壁 furnace 火爐，燃燒器metal wall of a tube 金屬管壁macroscopic particle 宏觀的粒子control volume 控制體enthalpy 焓 mac

8、roscopic phenomenon 宏觀現(xiàn)象 forces of friction 摩擦力fluid mechanics 流體力學(xué) flux（通量，流通量） of enthalpy 焓通量eddy 尾流，渦流turbulent flow 湍流natural and forced convection 自然對流和強制對流 buoyancy force 浮力temperature gradient 溫度梯度electromagnetic wave 電磁波 fused quartz 熔化的石英 reflect 反射，inflection:折射 matte無光澤的，無光的temperature l

9、evel 溫度高低inter-phase mass transfer界相際間質(zhì)量傳遞rate of diffusion擴散(kusn)速率(sl) acetone 丙酮(bn tn)dissolve 溶解 ammonia 氨ammonia-air mixture 氨氣-水混合物 physical process 物理過程 oxides of nitrogen 氮氧化物nitric acid 硝酸carbon dioxide 二氧化碳sodium hydroxide 氫氧化鈉actual rate of absorption 實際吸收速率two-film theory 雙膜理論 concentr

10、ation difference 濃度差in the vicinity of 在附近，靠近.,大約，在左右molecular diffusion 分子擴散laminar sub-layer 層流底層resistance 阻力，阻止boundary layer 邊界層Ficks Law 費克定律is proportional to 與成比例 concentration gradient 濃度梯度plate tower 板式塔installation 裝置feed 進料bottom 底部，塔底solvent 溶劑top 頂部，塔頂partial vaporization 部分汽化boiling p

11、oint 沸點equimolecular counter-diffusion 等分子反向擴散ideal system 理想系統(tǒng)ratio of A to B A與B的比值with the result that：由于 的緣故，鑒于 的結(jié)果tray 塔板packed tower 填料塔bubble-cap tower 泡罩塔spray chamber 噴淋室maintenance expense 維修費foundation 基礎(chǔ)tower shell 塔體packing material 填料pump 泵blower 風機accessory heater 附屬加熱器cooler 冷卻器heat

12、exchanger 換熱器solvent-recovery system 溶劑回收系統(tǒng)(xtng)operating cost 操作(cozu)費用 power 動力(dngl)circulating gas 循環(huán)氣labor 勞動力steam蒸汽regenerate再生cooling water 冷卻水solvent make-up 補充溶劑optimum 最優(yōu)的unabsorbed component未吸收組分purity純度volatility揮發(fā)性vapor pressure蒸汽壓liquid mixture 液體混合物condense凝縮，冷凝binary distillation雙

13、組分精餾multi-component distillation多組分精餾stage-type distillation column級板式精餾塔mount 安裝，固定conduit導(dǎo)流管）,down comer 降液管gravity重力weir溢流堰vapor-liquid contacting device汽液接觸裝置valve tray浮閥塔板reboiler再沸器vaporization汽化condensate冷凝液，凝縮液overhead vapor塔頂汽體condenser冷凝器 ifeed tray進料板 base塔底，基礎(chǔ) bottoms product塔底產(chǎn)品 condens

14、ation冷凝stripping section汽提段,提餾段distillate section精餾段total condense全凝器distillate product塔頂餾出產(chǎn)品reflux回流thermodynamic equilibrium 熱力學(xué)平衡solution溶液fractional crystallization分步結(jié)晶(jijng)solubility，溶解度，溶解性soluble可溶解的solvent溶劑(rngj) employ采納(cin)，利用miscible可混合的，可溶的，可攪拌的mechanical separation 機械分離）liquid-liqui

15、d extraction 液液萃取aromatic 芳香烴的 paraffin石蠟，鏈烷烴 lubricating oil潤滑油decompose分解，離解，還原，腐爛penicillin青霉素streptomycin（鏈霉素）precipitation沉淀，沉析ethyl alcohol乙醇)extract萃取液heat requirement熱負荷solute溶質(zhì)extract phase萃取相baffle-plate折流擋板，緩沖擋板settling tank沉降槽centrifuge離心.離心機，離心分離emulsifying agent乳化劑density difference密度差

16、raffinate萃余液extract 萃取液drying of Solids 固體干燥process material過程物料(相對最終產(chǎn)品而言的） organic有機的，有機物的 benzene苯humidity濕度moisture content濕含量 drying rate干燥速率critical moisture content臨界濕濕含量falling-rate降速concave （凸的，凸面）or convex（凹的，凹面） approximate to：接近，趨近straight line：直線constant-rate drying period恒速干燥階段 convecti

17、on drying對流干燥drying gas干燥氣體 falling-rate period降速干燥階段mean value平均值vacuum drying真空(zhnkng)干燥discolor變色(bins)，脫色sublime升華(shnghu)freeze drying冷凍干燥adiabatic絕熱的，不傳熱的pressure gradientperpendicular to：與垂直counter-current逆流per unit area單位面積 water-cooling tower水冷塔sensible heat（sensible heat：顯熱）water droplet水

18、珠，水滴quantitative relation定量關(guān)系 thermal diffusion熱擴散 at right angles to 與成直角，與垂直by virtue of 由于，根據(jù)，憑借于molecular transfer分子傳遞balance 抵消，平衡drag forces曳力a function of 的函數(shù)of the same order具有同一數(shù)量級eddy diffusion渦流擴散 is almost inversely proportional to 幾乎與成反比Reynolds number雷諾準數(shù)fully developed turbulent flow充

19、分發(fā)展湍流coefficient系數(shù)In principle從原理而言exothermic（放熱的，endothermic吸熱的,adiabatic絕熱的）triple bond三健，三價nitrogen oxides氮氧化物compound化合物 conversion轉(zhuǎn)化，轉(zhuǎn)化率 protein蛋白質(zhì)compress壓縮reaction yield反應(yīng)產(chǎn)率reaction speed反應(yīng)速度 one-pass（單程） reactorenergy input能量輸入maximum最大的near to equilibrium接近平衡output產(chǎn)出，輸出，產(chǎn)量fertilizer化肥urea尿素

20、ammonium nitrate硝酸銨ammonium phosphate磷酸銨ammonium sulfate硫酸銨diammonium hydrogen phosphate磷酸二氫銨ash純堿(chn jin)pyridine砒啶polymers聚合物nylon尼龍(nlng)acrylics丙烯酸樹脂(shzh)via經(jīng)，由，通過，借助于hydrogen cyanide氰化氫nitric acid硝酸bulk explosive集裝炸藥crude oil原油natural gas天然氣bitumen瀝青asphalt瀝青fossil fuel化石燃料seepage滲出物oil drill

21、ing采油gasoline汽油paint涂料plastic塑料synthetic rubber合成橡膠fiber纖維soap肥皂cleansing agent清洗劑wax石蠟explosive炸藥oil shale油頁巖deposit沉積物aquatic plant 水生植物sedimentary rock沉積巖sandstone砂巖 siltstone泥巖tar sand瀝青石chain-shaped鏈狀的methane甲烷paraffin石蠟，烷烴=waxring-shaped（環(huán)狀的） hydrocarbonnaphthene環(huán)烷烴naphtha石腦油tarry柏油的，焦油的，焦油狀的

22、tar焦油asphaltene瀝青油impurity雜質(zhì)(zzh)pollutant 污染物combustion燃燒(rnsho) 科目(km)吧死心capillarity毛細現(xiàn)象，毛細管力viscous resistance粘性阻力barrel桶(國際原油計量單位)tanker油輪kerosene煤油heavy gas oil重瓦斯油reforming重整cracking裂化octane number of gasoline汽油辛烷值branched-chain（帶支鏈的）materials science材料科學(xué)mechanical, thermal, chemical, electric

23、, magnetic, and optical behavior.（機械性能、熱學(xué)性能、化學(xué)性能、電學(xué)性能、磁性能、光學(xué)性能）Amalgam 汞齊，水銀；混合物，交叉solid state physics固體物理學(xué)metallurgy 冶金學(xué)，冶金術(shù)magnet 磁鐵，有吸引力的人或物insulation 絕緣catalytic cracking 催化裂化structural steels 結(jié)構(gòu)鋼computer microchip 計算機芯片Aerospace 航空 Telecommunication 電信information processing 信息處理nuclear power 核能

24、 energy conversion 能量轉(zhuǎn)化internal structure 內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)defect structure 結(jié)構(gòu)缺陷crystal flaw 晶體瑕疵vacant atomic site 原子空位dislocation 錯位precipitate 沉淀物semiconductor 半導(dǎo)體mechanical disturbance 機械擾動ductility 延展性brittleness 脆性spinning electrons 旋轉(zhuǎn)電子amorphous 非定型的，非晶型的，非結(jié)晶的，玻璃狀的；無一定目的的，亂七八糟chemical process safety 化工(hu

25、gng)過程安全exotic chemistry 奇異(qy)化學(xué)hydrodynamic model水力學(xué)模型(mxng)two-phase flow兩相流dispersion model分散模型toxic有毒的release釋放，排放probability of failure失效概率accident prevention事故預(yù)防hard hat 安全帽safety shoe防護鞋rules and regulations 規(guī)章制度loss prevention損失預(yù)防hazard identification 危害辯識，technical evaluation技術(shù)評估safety man

26、agement support安全管理基礎(chǔ)知識safety experience安全經(jīng)驗technical competence技術(shù)能力safety knowledge安全知識design engineer設(shè)計師cost engineer造價師process engineering過程工程plant layout工廠布局general service facilities公用工程plant location工廠選址close teamwork緊密的團隊協(xié)作specialized group專業(yè)組storage倉庫waste disposal廢物處理terminology術(shù)語，詞匯account

27、ant會計師，會計，出納final-proposal決議tangible return有形回報Empirical model 經(jīng)驗?zāi)Ｐ蚿rocess control（過程控制） first-principles基本原理，基本規(guī)則regression model回歸模型.operating condition操作條件nonlinear-equation-solving technique非線性方程求解技術(shù)process-simulation software packages過程模擬軟件包 least-squares-regression最小二乘法statistical technique 統(tǒng)計

28、技術(shù)intensity強度(qingd)，程度phenomenological model 現(xiàn)象(xinxing)模型model identification模式識別(m sh sh bi)neural network神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)a priori：先驗的，既定的，不根據(jù)經(jīng)驗的，由原因推出結(jié)果的，演繹的，直覺的process data historian：過程數(shù)據(jù)歷史編撰師qualitative定性的quantitative precision定量的精確high-fidelity高保真的 computationally intensive計算量大的mathematical expressionste

29、ady-state model穩(wěn)態(tài)模型bioengineering生物工程artificial人工的hearing aid助聽器artificial limb假肢supportive or substitute organ輔助或替代器官biosynthesis生物合成life scientist生命科學(xué)家agricultural engineer農(nóng)藝師fermentation發(fā)酵civil engineer土木工程師sanitation衛(wèi)生physiologists生理學(xué)criteria 指標human medicine人體醫(yī)學(xué)medical electronics醫(yī)療電子medical in

30、strumentation醫(yī)療器械blood-flow dynamics血液流動動力學(xué)prosthetics假肢器官學(xué)biomechanics生物力學(xué)surgeon外科醫(yī)生replacement organ器官移植physiologist生理學(xué)家counterpart對應(yīng)物，配對物psychology心理學(xué)self-taught自學(xué)barrier障礙物medical engineering醫(yī)學(xué)工程，醫(yī)療工程 health care保健diagnostic application of computers計算機診斷agricultural engineering農(nóng)業(yè)工程biological pr

31、oduction生物制品(shn w zh pn)生產(chǎn) bionics（仿生學(xué)） human-factors engineering人類(rnli)與環(huán)境工程environmental health engineering環(huán)境健康(jinkng)工程environmentally benign processing環(huán)境友好加工commodity or specialty通用商品或特殊化學(xué)品 styrene苯乙烯 ibuprofen異丁苯丙酸t(yī)he Chemical Manufacturers Association化工生產(chǎn)協(xié)會as a whole整體而言emission釋放物，排放物volun

32、tary自愿的，無償?shù)?，義務(wù)的；有意的，隨意的；民辦的in the absence of無存在deactivate失活bulk chemical 大宗化工產(chǎn)品Fine chemical 精細化工Pharmaceutical制藥segment段，片，區(qū)間，部門，部分；弓形，圓缺；分割，切斷tonnage噸位，噸數(shù)，噸產(chǎn)量inorganic salt無機鹽hydroquinone 對苯二酚demonstrate論證，證明，證實；說明，表明，顯示forefront最前線，最前沿Lewis acid不可再生的路易斯酸 anhydrous無水的phaseout消除 HF alkylation氰氟酸烷基化

33、catalytic oxidation催化氧化governmental regulation政府規(guī)定 pharmaceutical intermediate藥物中間體stereoselective立體選擇性的ketone酮functional group官能團detrimental有害的 chlorofluorocarbon二氯二氟化碳，氟里昂carbon tetrachloride四氯化碳 straightforward簡單明了的coordinating ligand配合體，向心配合體kilogram千克 thermal stability熱穩(wěn)定性devastate破壞，蹂躪outline描繪，勾勒membrane technology膜技術(shù) production line生產(chǎn)線dairy牛奶(ni ni)water purific