2018考研英語(yǔ)寫作基礎(chǔ)課程講義

1、英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)寫作2018輔導(dǎo)講義主講文都教學(xué)前言一、 英語(yǔ)二和英語(yǔ)一作文的區(qū)別英語(yǔ)一作文：1. Write out the messages conveyed by the cartoon.2. Give your comments.范文對(duì)比:his cartoon, a hen is aring the publict the eggs she lays are compley round,without any square corners, andt they all have ss and yolks. It seems amusing for the hen tobe taking cr

2、edit forng nothing moren her dutyto lay ordinary eggs. But there is a deepersol messagehis cartoon. 圖畫圖表描述段Recently ise common for peopleany walks of life to make a lot of high-soundingpromises. For instance, administration departments promise efficient performance of their tasks,without any bribery

3、 involved. Again, commerl entrises promise to provide excellent productsat reasonable priand with warm service. At, we feelt we shouldnk them for makingextra efforts on our behalf; but, upon reflection, we realizet they all have a basic responsibilityto do thingst they promise. 意義闡釋段“Good wine needs

4、 no bush.” If businesses and administration do their jobs properly and servethe people, they will prosper withouving to make a lot of meaningless promises. 建議措施段英語(yǔ)二作文：1范文對(duì)比：As is clearly shown by the chart, there is a series of figures showing the ratio of different energy consumption. It can be see

5、n t space heating takes up the most energy consumption, which accounts for 48% of the total. The second largest portion of energy (18%) is used for lighting,cooking, and running applian, with water heating, refrigeration making up 14% and 13%respectively. Among these, space cooling comes up to be th

6、e lowest, 7% of the whole.（數(shù)據(jù)描述）So what can be drawn from the chart? It is nord to understandt space heating takes upthe biggest proportion, which indicatest space heating is the biggest reason of energyconsumption. It naturally followst, only by solving the problem of space heating can we find way

7、out for the situation suggested by the chart. Then, the question is: in what way can we dealwith ie of space heating? （數(shù)據(jù)分析）Among various kinds of solutions, solar energy might be the most effective answer to thisquestion mainly due to the fact to the problem. It is also net solar energy can provide

8、 a very convenient and quick solution sary to appeal to the public to strengthen the awareness of savingenergy, which is very constructive to the problem-solving reflected by the chart.（解決措施）二、作文在和英語(yǔ)中的重要性有多少？三、英語(yǔ)分?jǐn)?shù)規(guī)劃與做題順序。2第一部分小作文第一節(jié)： 大小作文連接詞 (三分差距 )第二節(jié)：小作文必備 10 組詞匯短語(yǔ)1.期待I meet youhe near future.2.有

9、關(guān)與關(guān)心concern3.回復(fù)/回音4.情感：感激/遺憾/歉意/誠(chéng)摯希望5.如下所示Follow6.號(hào)召呼吁 Call, appeal It is high timet we.7.采取措施Takemeasures to Takesteps to方便8.9.建議/重要I suggesttMy suggestion ist310. 表達(dá)I am here writing this letter to convey my第三節(jié)：小作文語(yǔ)法（若都用到且用對(duì)，滿分）：1. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣：要不是 （感謝/）是做某事的時(shí)候了。2.倒裝句We can do this onlyhis way.Onlyhis way

10、 can we do this3.強(qiáng)調(diào)句The matter has been solved because theernment took immediate steps.It is because theernment took immediate movest the matter has been addressed4.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)第四節(jié)：2018 小作文版本：4第二部分大作文第一節(jié)：大作文必備話題詞：1.采取措施2.如今3.描述/表明/生動(dòng)地4.越來(lái)越多5.關(guān)注6.重要性7.反映/成為的This picture reflects a common phenomenont.8. 現(xiàn)象/問(wèn)

11、題9. 改善/Ameliorate10. 影響11. 身心健康12. 有關(guān)Concern513. 意識(shí)/忽略14. 聯(lián)合/解決15. 生動(dòng)地/邏輯地/清楚地16. 圖表/數(shù)據(jù)17. 增加/減少18. 不可見(jiàn)的19. 發(fā)人深省的20. 補(bǔ)充內(nèi)容第二節(jié)：大作文七個(gè)語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)（注：包括小作文語(yǔ)法，若用到其中四點(diǎn)且用對(duì)，滿分）：1. 主謂一致61). 并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)Taking steps and strengthening prevention are the most important factors to amelioration of the current situation翻譯：

12、采取措施和加強(qiáng)防范是改善的關(guān)鍵。注意：當(dāng)主語(yǔ)由 and 連結(jié)時(shí)，如果它表示一個(gè)單一的概念，即指同一人或同一物時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用 is，and 此時(shí)連接的兩個(gè)詞前只有一個(gè)冠詞，共用一個(gè)冠詞用單數(shù)表示。The iron and steel industry is very important to our life.The League secretary and monitor asked to make a speech at the meeting.A. is B. was C. are D. were2). 主謂一致中的就近原則當(dāng) there be 句型的主語(yǔ)是一系列事物時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)與最鄰近的主

13、語(yǔ)保持一致.翻譯：圖中有一個(gè)小男孩和一對(duì)父母正在看關(guān)于環(huán)保的電視。3).謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與前面的主語(yǔ)一致當(dāng)主語(yǔ)后面跟有 with, together with, 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與前面的主語(yǔ)一致.The teacher together with some students） holding a discusabout how to fight against（commerl cheating.4). 在一些短語(yǔ)，如many a 或 moren one 所修飾的詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用單數(shù)形式.但由 moren of作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與其后的名詞或代詞保持一致.） addicted to digital pro

14、ducts.Many Morerson （n 60 percent of the citizens （） from the countryside.練習(xí)題：（只有練習(xí)才可以徹底掌握）1. The old well looked after by theernment in China.C. has beenA. isB. areD. was2. The secretary and manager very busy now.A. isB. areC. wasD. were3. Both the secretary and the manager agreed to attend the mee

15、ting.A. hasB. haveC. areD. was4. Tom as well as two of his classmates invited to the party.A. wasB. wereC. have beenD. had been5. Either you or I going to the teachers office after class.A. amB. isC. areD. will6. Most of his spare time spent in reading.A. areB. wereC. was t appeared this year.C. had

16、 beenD. have been7. This is one of the best novelsA. have beenB. hasD. have8. Ten thousand dollars quite a large sum.A. areB. isC. wereD. have9. About 20 percent of the work done yesterday.A. are10. Mr. Smith，A. areB. istogether with his children，B. hasC. werearrived.C. isD . wasD. have11. It I who

17、leaving for London.A. isisB. amisC. isamD. amam12. Not only Tom but also his wife fond of watchingevi.A. areB. wereC. beD. is13. When and where to build the new factory _yet.A. is not decidedC. has not decidedB. are not decidedD. have not decided the rest .B. has proved difficult. have been found di

18、fficult714. Although theA. are difficultpart of the book is easy，C. iped difficu15.t they were wrongA. ishese matters now clear to us all.B. wasC. areD. were16. Half of his goods _ stolen the other day.A. areB. wereC. isD. was17. Mathematics the language of science.A. areB. are going to beC. isD. is

19、 to be18. Each of the students a Chi-English dictionary.C. there isA. haveB. hasD. there are19. They each a beautiful handkerchief.A. haveB. hasC. there isD. there are20. Betn the two rows of trees the teaching building.A. standB. standsC. standingD. ar21. Writing stories and articles what I enjoy m

20、ost，A. isB. areC. wasD. wer22. A good deal of money spent on books.A. haveB. hasC. have beenD. has been23. On the wall two large portraits.A. hangsB. hangC. hangedD. hanging24. turn green in spring.A. LeafB. LeafsC. LeaveD. Leaves25. Father went to his doctor for about his heart trouble.A. an advice

21、B. adviceC. adviD. the advice26. The number of people invited fifty， but a number of them _absent for different reasons.A. were; wasB. was; wasC. was; wereD. were; were27. The air in big cities very dirty by factories.A. are often madeB. is often madeC. have often made（permit）C. is allowedD. has oft

22、en made28. Nobody to smokehe cinema.A. allows29. The ChiA. areB. allowD. are allowedpeople hard-working and brave.B. isC. has beenD. are being30. can be done been done.A. All; haveB. Allt; haveC. All; hasD. Allt; has2. 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞概述3. 伴隨狀語(yǔ)，獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu) (例句)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)：8All night long he lay awake, tossing and turnin

23、g, with his blood surging and boiling, thinking of his woman.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞專項(xiàng)練習(xí) （閱讀翻譯知識(shí)點(diǎn)）一、單項(xiàng)選擇:1.The meeting nextk ire to be a great sucs.A. to take placeB. to be taken placeC. to have taken placeD. being taken place2. by the Comrade Lei Feng, we try our best to do good deeds.A. InspiredB. Being inspiredC.

24、To be inspiredD. Inspiring3.Its no good here. Lets go home.A. to waitB. waitedC. waitingD. being waited4.I listened to the wind, t he would not come tonight.A. thinkingB. to thinkC. thoughtD. being thinking5.As a result of my laziness, I failed my workime.A. and finishedB. to finishC. and finishingD

25、. to finished6.I am sorry written you a letter at the time.A. to have notB. to noveC. not to haveD. noving7.Tom apologized to me again.A. to be lateB. of being lateC. to have been lateD. for being late8.I remained long after I had been told the story.A. puzzlingB. puzzledC. being puzzledD. to be puz

26、zled9.Will you lend him a magazine A. to be readB. for readingC. to readD. he read10.The article_ on thibject was written by Mr. Black.A. referring 11.Living near the sea, _B. referredC. referring toD. referred to.A.njoy healthy air and beautiful sightB. healthy air and beautiful sight is whatC. it

27、is healthy air and beautiful sightnjoy njoyD. sonjoy healthy air and beautiful sight12. since the night before, I felt veryA. Having not eaten anythingC. I hadnt eaten anythinggry.B. Not eating anythingD. Noving eaten anything13.We then listened to the child the article on the blackboard.A. read, wr

28、itingB. reading, writingC. to read, writtenD. read, written14. it with me and Ill see what I can do.A. When leftB. LeavingC. If you leaveD. Leave15. such a chance, why dont you have a tryA. To giveB. HavingC. GivenD. Giving16.We discussed the plant we would like to see the nextk.A. carry onB. carryi

29、ng o. carried outD. to carry out17. made them much disappoA. His not coming backC. He not to come back18.Five people were reported A. to be killedC. killeded.B. Not his coming backD. Not he come back he accident.B. to killD. to have been killed19.I flew to Paris this morning, my assistant me there t

30、his Friday.A. joiningB. to joinC. will joinD. wants to join920.He tried to calm himself, .A. forceB. to forceC. forcingD. forced21., I went to the park with my uncle.A. As holiday22. Do you mindB. Being no classesC. Since have no classesD. It being a holiday Go ahead.A. opening the doorC. my opening

31、 the door23. I have one or two things .B. your opening the doorD. I opening the doorA. to lookB. to seeC. to see toD. to look to24. is bad for his health.A. Mike smokingC. Mikes being smokingB. Mikes smokingD. Mike smokes25.I cameo the classroom, my seat and sat down to read.A. findingB. to findC. f

32、oundD. founded二、單句改錯(cuò)1.I dream of standing on the platformhe classroom and give lessons to lovely boys.2.There is no doubt in sayt pollution ising increasing severe.3.I want tonk you again for have me in your home for the summer holidays.This drawing mirror a prevalent phenomenon people are paying li

33、ttle attention to the ne protecting environment.Making legislations and take measures are the key to the problem solving.sary of6. As graphically shown by thcture, Mr. Tangible is singing and flying.7. Filial piety is a traditional virtue, whiciversally acknowledged.8.So what are the invisible andan

34、gible reasons behind the problem reflect by thcture.9. There are two factors lead to the problemtomize by the drawing.The most important factor to be consider is education plays a indispensable role.It is also of great important to attach importance to the role play by education.The administration o

35、ught to take efficiency steps to fight against pollution.It is imperative for us to appeal the public to enhance the conscious of environment protection.A increasingly number of people are ignoring pollution, whichOnly by combine our efforts can the situation be ameliorated.e more and more severe.三、

36、翻譯練習(xí)1.一個(gè)發(fā)展中國(guó)家,屬于第三世界(the Third World)China is a country, the Third World.2. 正在修建的這座房子將作的餐廳.The building will be served as our dining- hall.103. 由于不知道地址,沒(méi)法和他取得聯(lián)系. his address, we have no way with him.4. 既不懂當(dāng)?shù)氐恼Z(yǔ)言,在這國(guó)家又沒(méi)有朋友,她覺(jué)得要想找到工作是不可能的. the local language and having no friend a job.he country, he fo

37、und it imsible5. 生長(zhǎng)在農(nóng)村,他對(duì)農(nóng)民的生活有著深刻的了解. and he countryside, he knows better about the hard life of peasant.6. 近年來(lái)下,人們的生活的條件有了大大的改善.In recent years, by the Party, people find their living conditions gre.y4.5.6.7.倒裝句 強(qiáng)調(diào)句 虛擬語(yǔ)氣句子前的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型 5 句。第三節(jié)：大作文1.圖畫背后的原因是什么呢？原因如下所示。2.圖畫作者試圖表明某某的重要性。3.為了解決/改善圖畫所反映，是時(shí)候采取

38、有效有力措施了。4.如今，越來(lái)越多的人開(kāi)始重視/忽視做某事的重要性。5.，只有個(gè)人、社會(huì)、才能解決圖畫所反映。11英語(yǔ)一大作文 2018 初級(jí)第四節(jié)：版本：附：寫作基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法單項(xiàng)練習(xí)：1.A 通過(guò)next形式.k得知會(huì)議是在下周舉行,用不定式作定語(yǔ)表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作,takeplace 沒(méi)有2.A 題意為:由于受到竭盡全力做好事.不定式作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)常表示目的和完成.B 項(xiàng)表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作.精神的鼓舞和結(jié)果,故 C 項(xiàng)不對(duì).過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)表3.C It is no goodng sth. 這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中,ng 是個(gè)動(dòng)名詞,用作主語(yǔ).句意為:在這里等著也沒(méi)用,咱們還是回家吧.4.A 分詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ).如填 C, 前面應(yīng)有 and.不定式表目的或結(jié)果,句子意思不通.D 為