句子的翻譯-正反法

1、句子的翻譯-正反法正反反正翻譯法英語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)均有從正面或反面來(lái)表達(dá)一種概念的現(xiàn)象。如果原文從反面表達(dá)直譯出來(lái)不合乎譯語(yǔ)習(xí)慣，就可考慮從正面表達(dá)，反之亦然。使用哪種方法，主要看譯語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣及修辭效果而定。正反翻譯法例句: Herb may be dying somewhere, calling out for his mum and dad, and only strangers around him.赫伯也許正在什么地方快死了，嘴里喊著爹媽，而周圍連一個(gè)親人也沒(méi)有。Poor as he was, he was above telling a lie in any case. 他雖然貧窮，但無(wú)論如

2、何也不會(huì)說(shuō)謊。His explanation is far from satisfactory. 他的解釋不能讓人滿意。反正翻譯法例句:We must never stop taking an optimistic view of life. 我們要永遠(yuǎn)對(duì)生活抱樂(lè)觀態(tài)度。黃鼠狼給雞拜年，不懷好心。The weasel pays a courtesy visit to the hen with evil intent. 我們決不辜負(fù)全國(guó)人民對(duì)我們的希望。We will live up to the expectations of our people. 我們完全不知道他的計(jì)劃。 We are i

3、n complete ignorance of his plan. 漢英兩種語(yǔ)言的不同習(xí)慣用法油漆未干。Wet paint. 在他還沒(méi)來(lái)得及阻攔我之前，我已經(jīng)跑出教室。Before he could stop me, I had rushed out of the classroom. (* Before he could not stop me)在收據(jù)尚未簽字以前不得付款。Before the receipt has been signed, the money must not be paid. (* Before the receipt has not been signed)英語(yǔ)中含否

4、定語(yǔ)氣的詞語(yǔ)有： a動(dòng)詞：fail, miss, lack, ignore, refuse, withhold, refrain (from), neglect, deny, overlook, exclude等等。 使我們失望的是他不顧大局。To our disappointment, he failed to take the overall situation into account. 他上火車站去接他的朋友，可是未能在人群中見(jiàn)到他。He went to the station to meet his friend, but he missed him in the crowd. b.

5、 名詞：absence, failure, refusal, ignorance, neglect, exclusion等等。 他開(kāi)車時(shí)心不在焉，幾乎闖禍。His absence of mind during the driving nearly caused an accident. 我們完全不知道他的計(jì)劃。We are in complete ignorance of his plan. 他未能履行諾言，我們大家都很失望。His failure to carry out his promise has disappointed everyone of us.c. 形容詞和形容詞短語(yǔ)：few

6、, little, free from, far from, safe from, short of等等這次演出根本沒(méi)有失敗，而是十分成功。The show was far from being a failure; it was a great success.他的作文幾乎沒(méi)有語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤。There are few grammatical mistakes in his composition.據(jù)悉敵軍給養(yǎng)不足。It is reported that the enemy troops are short of supplies.d. 副詞和副詞短語(yǔ)：little, otherwise, too

7、to等等。他顯然有不同的想法。He evidently thinks otherwise.我根本不知道他會(huì)遇到什么麻煩。I little knew what trouble he was going to have.他興奮得說(shuō)不出話來(lái)了。He was too excited to speak. e. 連詞：unless, before, until, rather than, or等等。 不了解這一點(diǎn)，就不能得到起碼的知識(shí)。Unless we grasp this point we shall never be able to acquire even elementary knowledge

8、.他寧愿餓死，不愿行竊。He will die of hunger before he steals.部隊(duì)寧可繞道走，也不踩莊稼。The troops would rather take a roundabout way than tread on the crops.f. 介詞和介詞短語(yǔ)：without, above, except, beyond, instead of, in place of, out of等等。 社會(huì)主義無(wú)疑比資本主義優(yōu)越。Socialism is beyond doubt superior to capitalism.要不是你幫忙，那件任務(wù)我無(wú)法按時(shí)完成的。With

9、out your help, I could not have fulfilled the task in time.我要鉛筆，不要鋼筆。I want a pencil instead of a pen. 外位語(yǔ)的英譯在漢語(yǔ)中，獨(dú)立于句外，同時(shí)又和句中的某個(gè)成分指同一事物的成分叫做外位語(yǔ)。 使用外位語(yǔ)的目的在于突出某一事物，以引起別人的注意，或?yàn)榱撕?jiǎn)化復(fù)雜的長(zhǎng)句，使之結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，關(guān)系清楚。對(duì)應(yīng)法:即套用英語(yǔ)中含有外位語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)的句子框架。有喜有憂，有笑有淚，有花有實(shí)，有香有色，既須勞動(dòng)，又長(zhǎng)見(jiàn)識(shí)，這就是養(yǎng)花的樂(lè)趣。（老舍：養(yǎng)花）Joy and sorrow, laughter and tears,

10、flowers and fruit, fragrance and colour, manual labour and increased knowledge all these make up the joy of flower cultivation. (translated by Zhang Peiji)把馬克思主義的普遍真理同我國(guó)的具體實(shí)際結(jié)合起來(lái)，走自己的道路，建設(shè)有中國(guó)特色的社會(huì)主義，這就是我們總結(jié)長(zhǎng)期歷史經(jīng)驗(yàn)得出的基本結(jié)論。To integrate the universal truth of Marxism with the concrete realities of China

11、, blaze a path of our own and build socialism with Chinese characteristics this is the basic conclusion we have reached in summing up the long historical experience. 拆句法:即將外位語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)改變成一個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子或并列分句。健全自己身體，保持合理的規(guī)律生活，這是自我修養(yǎng)的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)。（周恩來(lái)我的修養(yǎng)要?jiǎng)t）Keep fit, lead a reasonable and regular life. This is the material

12、basis for training. 遇事想爭(zhēng)個(gè)第一，而且能爭(zhēng)到第一，這就不簡(jiǎn)單。He not only wants to excel he does excel. Thats not easy.還原法: 即將外位語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)改變成句中的一個(gè)成分。他們必須懂得，消滅階級(jí)，消滅國(guó)家權(quán)力，消滅黨，全人類都要走這條路的，問(wèn)題只是時(shí)間和條件。（毛澤東選集四卷，1405頁(yè)）They must understand that the road to the abolition of classes, to the abolition of state power and to the abolition of

13、 parties is the road all mankind must take; it is only a question of time and conditions. 能不能盡快地把科學(xué)技術(shù)搞上去，這是一個(gè)關(guān)系到社會(huì)主義建設(shè)的全局，關(guān)系到我們國(guó)家命運(yùn)與前途的大問(wèn)題。Whether science and technology can be pushed forward as quickly as possible is a question of vital importance for socialist construction as a whole and for the d

14、estiny and future of our country. 倒置法:漢語(yǔ)里往往先敘事，后表態(tài)，敘事部分可以很長(zhǎng)，而表態(tài)部分則較短。這在復(fù)雜的外位語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)中表現(xiàn)得十分突出。外位語(yǔ)往往是敘事部分。而句子中表語(yǔ)則是表態(tài)部分。在英語(yǔ)里，一般表態(tài)在前敘事在后。因此與句中主語(yǔ)指同一事物的外位語(yǔ)，在翻譯成英語(yǔ)后，如果作為句子的成分，就可以置于表語(yǔ)的位置上，而原文句中的表語(yǔ)可以翻譯成主語(yǔ)。實(shí)現(xiàn)四個(gè)現(xiàn)代化，這是我們今后相當(dāng)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的中心工作。（人民日?qǐng)?bào)1980年元旦社論）For a relatively long period ahead, the focus of our work is to reali

15、ze the four modernizations. 工廠、鐵道、槍炮等，這些是物質(zhì)條件。 The material conditions are factories, railways, firearms, artillery, and the like. 轉(zhuǎn)化法即將外位語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞從句或不定式短語(yǔ)，置于句末，作主語(yǔ)，而用it作形式主語(yǔ)。敵人的武力是不能征服我們的，這點(diǎn)已經(jīng)得到證明了。It has been proved that the enemy cannot conquer us by force of arms. 不調(diào)查、不研究、提起筆來(lái)“硬寫”，這就是不負(fù)責(zé)任的態(tài)度。（毛澤東

16、選集三卷，807頁(yè)）It is sheer irresponsibility to pick up the pen and “force ourselves to write” without investigation or study. 外位語(yǔ)英譯練習(xí)高粱、玉米、黃豆，這些已經(jīng)收割完了。百花齊放，百家爭(zhēng)鳴，這是促進(jìn)藝術(shù)發(fā)展和科學(xué)進(jìn)步的方針靠山腳有一排用竹子搭成的草棚，這就是三連的營(yíng)房了。鋼盔、皮包、水壺、刺刀、剃胡刀、旅行藥箱、旅行收音機(jī)等等，這些東西在門口攤了一地。他這件事做得多好，這真是了不起。The sorghum, the maize and the soya-beans have all been harvested.Letting a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend is the policy for promoting progress in the arts and sciences.At the foot of the mountain was