最新全球化的利與弊

1、弊端！ !文化多樣性的減少一、全球化會抹平社會間的多樣性，但會增加社會內(nèi)部的多樣性。因為人們可供選擇的菜單增加了。想想 哪個更重要。二、多樣性是一個悖論。全球化確實會使某些局部上的多樣性減少。太多的知識會限制我們的創(chuàng)造力。某種程度的隔絕可以將自信和某種魔術(shù)感注入到藝術(shù)中。這種局部多樣性的減少又意味著人們可供選擇的 菜單的減少。三、這是一個度”的問題。First, globalization will smooth out the diversity among the community, but will in crease the diversity withi n society. Be

2、cause people in creased choice of menu. Thi nk about which is more importa nt.Second, diversity is a paradox. Globalization does make some partial reducti on of diversity. Too much kno wledge will limit our creativity. Some degree of isolati on can in ject a sense of con fide nce and a certa in magi

3、c to the art. This diversity of local people to reduce the mean reducti on in choice of menu.Third, this is a degree of the problem.傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日漸漸被西方節(jié)日占領(lǐng)，傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗的遺忘，傳統(tǒng)古建筑在經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展下不斷被拆除摧 毀。The traditional festival has gradually been occupied by Western festivals, traditions and customs be forgotten, the tradition

4、al ancient buildings continue to be demolished to destroy in the developme nt of the economy.當今世界的人們面對著繁雜的社會。 藝術(shù)與文化甚至也被人用來實現(xiàn)擴張。以美國的好萊塢為例，好萊塢每年生產(chǎn)約 700部影片，好萊塢電影的觀眾遍布世界各地。 事實上，好萊塢電 影如今已經(jīng)成了美國實現(xiàn)侵略擴張目的的工具。People in the world today are facing complicated society. Art and culture even be used to achieve the

5、 expansion. Hollywood, United States, for example, Hollywood annually produces about 700 films the Hollywood audience all over the world. In fact, the Hollywood movie has now become a tool of the Un ited States to achieve the purposes of aggressi on and expa nsion.文化既是民族的，又是世界的各民族都有自己文化的個性和特征。各民族文化都

6、是世界文化中不可缺少Culture is n ati on al, but also the worldsAll eth nic groups have their own culture and pers on ality characteristics.The national culture is indispensable to world culture全球化導(dǎo)致貧富差距的擴大占全球1 /5的人口生活在收入水平最高的國家，他們擁有全球國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值 的86%，全球出口市場82%,外國直接投資 的68%，全球電話總數(shù)的 74% ;而占全球人口總數(shù) 1/5的 貧困人口在上述幾項上的占有率僅

7、約 1%。在平均收入方面，貧富國家之間相差 74倍，而 在1960年，這種差距還僅為 30倍。此外，200名最富有者的資產(chǎn)超過占世界總?cè)丝?1%的人的收入總和。在過去4年里，這200名富翁的財產(chǎn)增加了兩倍，達一萬億美元以上，相反，每日收入少于一美元的窮人仍維持在13億左右。Acco un ted for over 1/5 of the populati on lives in coun tries with the highest in come levels, they have 86% of the global gross domestic product (GDP), 82% of t

8、he global export market, 68% of the foreig n direct in vestme nt, 74% of the total nu mber of teleph one; while the share of the worlds populationonly about 1% of the share of 1/5 of the total number of poor in the above-me nti oned items now. The differe nee betwee n rich and poor coun tries in ter

9、ms of average in come, 74 times, in 1960, this gap is only 30 times. In additi on, the 200 richest assets accounted for 41% of the worlds total population, more than the total in come.200 milli on aire property in creased twice in the past four years, more tha n one trilli on U.S. dollars, to the co

10、n trary, the daily in come of less tha n $ poor remai ned at around 1.3 billi on.全球化無疑促進了世界經(jīng)濟的整體成長，但全球經(jīng)濟利益的分配卻是不成比例的。一小撮國家及跨國公司壟斷游戲規(guī)則并掌控著世界市場?？鐕臼墙?jīng)濟全球化的重要動力，全球 100個最大經(jīng)濟體中，竟然有51個是跨國公司。(2000年數(shù)據(jù))而絕大多數(shù)跨國公司來源于 發(fā)達國家?？梢?，由國民財富體現(xiàn)的國家權(quán)力差距依然是巨大的。在經(jīng)濟總量上，沒有幾個國家有望挑戰(zhàn)中等甚至較小的工業(yè)化國家。第三世界即使保持高速發(fā)展勢頭，可絕對差距如此之大，在可預(yù)見的將來也不大

11、可能會消除。Globalizati on un doubtedly con tributed to the overall growth of the world economy, the global distributio n of econo mic in terests is disproporti on ate. A han dful of n ati onal and mult in ati onal mon opolies rules of the game and con trol the world market. Mult in ati onal corporatio ns

12、 are an importa nt driv ing force of economic globalization, the worlds 100 largest economies, and yet there are 51 mult in ati onal compa ni es. (2000 data) and the vast majority of mult in ati onal compa nies from developed coun tries. Seen by the state power embodied in national wealth gap is sti

13、ll huge. In economic output, few countries are expected to challenge the middle or even smaller industrialized countries. Even the third world to maintain the momentum of rapid development, the absolute gap can be so large that in the foreseeable future is un likely to be elimi nated.目前，有關(guān)人士都宣揚經(jīng)濟全球化

14、對發(fā)達國家“危害論”。然而，對世界經(jīng)濟和國際體系影響更大的卻是全球化擴大了國家間的不平等。第一，過去積累下來的國家間不平等現(xiàn)象非但沒有因全球化而消除或減緩，反而日益擴大。At prese nt, the pers ons concerned are to promote econo mic globalizati on on developed coun tries damage theory. However, the world economy and the greater impact of the intern ati onal system is globalizati on ha

15、s in creased in equality betwee n coun tries. First, the past accumulated in equalities betwee ncoun tries not only failed to elim in ate or mitigate a result of globalizatio n, but grow ing.全球化導(dǎo)致發(fā)達國家對發(fā)展中國家的資源掠奪高收入國家人口只占全球人口的15%左右，其本土生物承載力是全球28%,但卻消耗了全球55%的生物承載力。這是如何實現(xiàn)的呢？可是，政治獨立了，經(jīng)濟上的獨立依然還是遙遙無期。在全球化

16、國際分工下，第三世界國家依 然處在全球產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈的最底端，為發(fā)達國家的過度消費提供著廉價的資源和勞動力。Populati on of high-i ncome coun tries acco unt for only about 15% of the worlds population, their home is the worlds biological capacity by 28% but 55% of global consumption of biocapacity. This is how to achieve it?However, political independence,

17、economic independence they are still no where in sight. I ntern ati onal divisi on of labor un der globalizati on, third world coun tries are still at the bottom of the global in dustrial cha in, excessive con sumptio n in developed coun tries to provide the resources and cheap labor. 一位來自菲律賓的原住民領(lǐng)袖曾

18、一針見血地指出，”所謂經(jīng)濟全球化，不過是殖民主義的最新表現(xiàn)形式?！边^去的殖民是直接的掠奪，殖民者不得不直接面對被殖民者的不滿和反抗；現(xiàn)在的經(jīng)濟全球化是聯(lián)手的騙局，老主子和第三世界國家精英階層合謀，第三世界國家繼續(xù)廉價輸出農(nóng)產(chǎn)品、原材料和勞動力(以來料加工等方式),而換取的，往往是和大多數(shù)人利益無關(guān)甚至負相關(guān)的奢侈品和武器之類”An in dige nous leader from the Philipp ines has sharply poin ted out that the so-called economic globalization, but the latest manifest

19、ation of colonialism. Colonial past is a direct plunder, colonists had to directly face the dissatisfact ion of the colo ni sts and resista nee; the curre nt econo mic globalization is the scam together, the old masters and the elite conspiracy third World coun tries, third World coun tries continue

20、 to produce low-cost output, raw materials and labor (in process ing, etc.), and in excha nge, ofte n and interests of the majority of unrelated or even negatively related to luxury goods and weap ons and the like.全球化導(dǎo)致工業(yè)垃圾及環(huán)境破壞經(jīng)濟全球化之后受到傷害的依然是發(fā)展中國家1964 年,世界著名的美國聯(lián)合碳化物公司提出的在印度開辦一座生產(chǎn)殺蟲劑農(nóng)廠.1975年一座大型農(nóng)藥廠終

21、于建成，距首都新德里以南750公里。1984年12月3日凌晨，這農(nóng)藥廠，液態(tài)劇毒氣體從罐內(nèi)滲漏出來，經(jīng)久不散。這次事故使儲氣罐內(nèi)45噸劇毒氣體泄漏殆盡。僅2天內(nèi)就有2500余人喪生，另有60萬人受毒氣不同程度的傷害。到 1994年死亡人數(shù)已達 6495人，還有4萬人瀕臨死亡。In 1964, the world-re nowned U.S. compa ny Union Carbide in In dia ope ned a product ion of pesticides farm .1975 years, fin ally built a large Pesticide Factory,

22、 750 kilometers south away from the capital city of New Delhi.In the 1984, this Pesticide Factory, liquid, highly toxic gas leakage from the tank, and lin geri ng. The accide nt put 45 tons of highly toxic gas in side the tank to leak away. Onlytwo days alone, more than 2,500 people were killed and

23、another 60 million people affected by the poison damage of varying degrees. In 1994,The number of death has reached 6495 , there are 40,000 people dyi ng.全球化導(dǎo)致價值觀的沖突全丁球/化中的價彳古審沖突要表工現(xiàn)為不同民族 和口國家的價彳古P觀之間特別是西方價值觀與非西方價全球化中的1丿II且沖突，主要表現(xiàn)為不 同民族和國 豕的1丿II且觀之間、值觀之間的沖突。Globalization the values conflict, main pe

24、rformance for different nationalities and countries,especially betwee n the values of wester n values and non-wester n values of the con flictbetwee n.而對于非西方落后國家而言，西方價值觀與本民族價值觀之間的沖突又往往是和傳統(tǒng)價值觀與現(xiàn)代價值觀即現(xiàn)代化過程中形成和發(fā)展起來的價值觀之間的沖突糾纏在一起的，并經(jīng)常以后者為中介。And for non-western behind countries, western values and the co

25、nflict between the national values and is often and traditional values and the modem values is the process of moder ni zati on, the formatio n and developme nt of the con flict betwee n the values and intertwined, and often with the latter for intermediary.雖然全球化”與現(xiàn)代化”具有不同的內(nèi)涵，前者具有某種空間或地理范疇的性質(zhì)，是指從區(qū)域到

26、全球；Although globalizati on and moder ni zati on have differe nt content, the former has some kind of space or geographic category of n ature, it is to point to from regi onal to global;而后者則具有某種時間或歷史范疇的性質(zhì)，是指從傳統(tǒng)到現(xiàn)代，但近代以來的全球化過程與整個世界的現(xiàn)代化過程實際上是同一個過程。While the latter has some time or historical category o

27、f nature, it is to point to from tradition to modern times, but since modern times of globalization and the whole world of modernization process is actually the same process.正是在這一過程中， 西方資本主義國家率先實現(xiàn)了內(nèi)源型的現(xiàn)代化，并按照資本主義擴張的內(nèi)在邏輯和憑借其先發(fā)優(yōu)勢，強制或引誘非西方國家認同西方價值，力圖把西方價值觀念普遍化和全球化；It is in this process, the western cap

28、italist countries to take the lead in realizing themoder ni zati on of the en doge nous type, accord ing to the capitalist expa nsion imma nent logicand with its start adva ntage, forced or seduce non-wester n n ati onal ide ntity wester n value, tries hard to western values, a generalized and globa

29、lization;一些非西方落后國家則一方面努力啟動或多次啟動強迫型、追趕型等外源型的現(xiàn)代化，并由此在不同程度上認同西方價值，另一方面在西方價值觀普遍化擴張的重壓下又不斷岀現(xiàn)民族文化的認 同危機和認同追求，而民族文化認同說到底還是對民族傳統(tǒng)文化、特別是對其核心價值的認同。Some non-western countries the hand behind efforts to start or DuoCi start forced type, such as the modernization of the ZhuiGanXing exogenous type, and thus in dif

30、ferent degree approbation west value, on the other hand, a generalized expansion in western values under the weight of national culture and appear constantly identity crisis and identity pursuit, and national cultural identity in the final analysis or for the ethnic traditional culture, especially t

31、o the core value of identity.因此，在這個全球化與世界現(xiàn)代化基本相重合的過程中， “西方 不再是一個地理名詞而是 普遍 的代號， 現(xiàn)代西方 則象征著 普遍的現(xiàn)代化 。通過這樣的轉(zhuǎn)換，認同 西方 變成了認同 現(xiàn)代 ?！盩herefore, in the globalization of the world modernization and basic collocated process, western is no longer a geographical term but common code of, modern western is the symbol

32、 of modernization universal. Through such conversion, identity western into identity modern.j 與之相應(yīng)，全球化中非西方落后國家面臨的本民族價值觀與西方價值觀的沖突，往往也就直接 表現(xiàn)為傳統(tǒng)價值觀與現(xiàn)代價值觀之間的沖突。J correspondingly, globalization china-africa western countries face behind the national values and the western the conflicts of values, often a

33、lso direct the performance for the traditional values and the modem values of the conflict between.作為對西方價值觀普遍化擴張之回應(yīng)和對抗的極端化形式， 原教旨主義之所以是 “反現(xiàn)代的 ”，就 在于其看到了并特別強調(diào)全球化中現(xiàn)代價值觀與西方價值觀之間的表里關(guān)系。As the expansion of the generalized to western values and fight against extreme form of response, fundamentalism was the

34、 modern, lies in its saw and special emphasis on globalization in the modern values and the exterior-interior relationship between western values.也正因如此， 所以本土與外域、 傳統(tǒng)與現(xiàn)代這兩對范疇及其相互關(guān)系成為當代文化研究和文化哲 學(xué)論爭中的一個焦點問題。Also because of this, so native and outland, traditional and modern this two category and their m

35、utual relationships become the contemporary culture study and cultural philosophy in the debate a focal point.面對上述當代全球化中復(fù)雜的文化價值觀沖突， 文化進化論主張在理解不同文化及其價值觀念時 將地理范疇（本土與外域）轉(zhuǎn)換為歷史范疇（傳統(tǒng)與現(xiàn)代），而文化相對主義則要求人們將歷史 范疇（傳統(tǒng)與現(xiàn)代）轉(zhuǎn)換為地理范疇（本土與外域）。In the face of all these contemporary globalization in complex culture values c

36、onflict, cultural evolution in different cultural and understand that values will geographic category （native and outland） into historical category （the traditional and modern）, and cultural relativism then requires the people will historical category （the traditional and modern） into geographiccategory (n ative and outla nds).雖然文化進化論和文化相對主義各有其弊端，其中，前者帶有明顯的西方中心論色彩，后者則具有文化保守主義性質(zhì)，但二者都看到了當代全球化中不同民族價值觀之間的沖突、特別是西方價值觀與非西方價值觀之間的沖突是與傳統(tǒng)價值觀與現(xiàn)代價值觀的沖突緊緊纏繞在一起的事實，并都力圖對一事實作岀自己的理解和說明。Although cultural evolution and cultural relati