考點(diǎn) 11 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣（重難考點(diǎn)精講練）(原卷版) -備戰(zhàn)2023年高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)（全國(guó)通用）

1、考點(diǎn)11情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣在歷年高考中并非重點(diǎn)，但仍然是高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)中的重難點(diǎn)。高考中 常?？疾橐韵聝?nèi)容：考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法和推測(cè)用法；考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+havedone的用法; 考查if虛擬條件下的虛擬語(yǔ)氣（包括省略if的虛擬條件句）；考查含蓄虛擬條件下的虛擬語(yǔ)氣; 考查特殊句式中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。.高考對(duì)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的考查集中在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本意義及“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ have done”結(jié)構(gòu)語(yǔ)法上。.對(duì)虛擬語(yǔ)氣而言，主要考查其在條件狀語(yǔ)從句和名詞性從句中的運(yùn)用。一、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞【基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)】情態(tài)動(dòng)詞本身有詞義，但是沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有時(shí)態(tài)的變化，但是不能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)。情態(tài)動(dòng) 詞可以

2、表示：能力、義務(wù)、可能性和允許等等意義；情態(tài)動(dòng)詞還可以用來(lái)給人們：提出請(qǐng)求、建議、意見(jiàn) 以及提供幫助等等。重點(diǎn)考向情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本意義(1) can, could、表示能力，意為“能，會(huì)；could表示過(guò)去的能力，不表示是否做。,She can speak French fluently. 她能講一 口 流利的法語(yǔ)。Our daughter could walk when she was nine old.我們的女兒九個(gè)月大時(shí)就會(huì)走路了。、can可用于肯定句中，表示客觀或理論上的可能性。He is confident a solution can be found. 他確信會(huì)找到解決方法。An

3、experienced teacher can make mistakes.一位有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的老師也會(huì)犯錯(cuò)。His demand is that the boy （should） go with them.他的要求是這個(gè)男孩和他們一起去。（表語(yǔ)從句）We agreed to the order that the task should be completed before5o clock.我們都同意這個(gè)命令:在五點(diǎn)前完成這項(xiàng)任務(wù)。（同位語(yǔ)從句）Point 5在would rather后的賓語(yǔ)從句中，從句如果表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的虛擬，從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)（be動(dòng)詞 一般用were）；如果表示對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬，

4、從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。I would rather I left now.我寧愿現(xiàn)在離開(kāi)。I would rather you came next month.我寧愿你下個(gè)月來(lái)。I would rather he had passed the exam我寧愿他已經(jīng)通過(guò)了 考試?？枷蛉?、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在其他句型中的應(yīng)用Point 1虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于as if/as though引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句和方式狀語(yǔ)從句虛擬語(yǔ)氣從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反過(guò)去式（be動(dòng)詞一般用were）與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反had+過(guò)去分詞與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反would/ could/ might+動(dòng)詞原形You treat them as if they

5、 were your parents.你對(duì)待他們?nèi)缤麄兪悄愕母改?。（與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反）He acted as though nothing had happened.他表現(xiàn)得假設(shè)無(wú)其事。（與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反）They talked and talked as if they would never meet again.他們談了又談，好像永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)再見(jiàn)面了。（與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反）【特別注意】當(dāng)句子所表達(dá)的是真實(shí)的或極有可能發(fā)生或存在的事實(shí)時(shí)，從句要用陳述語(yǔ)氣。It sounds as if it is raining. 聽(tīng)起來(lái)像是在下雨。.He talks as if he is drunk.從他談話的

6、樣子來(lái)看他像是醉了Point 2在It，s（high/aboiit）time（that）句型中，that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句通常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式（did）或“ Shoilld+動(dòng)詞原形（Should不能省略），意為“該是的時(shí)候了”Jack is a great talker. It*s high time that he did/should do something instead of just talking.杰克是一個(gè)夸夸其談的是時(shí)候他應(yīng)該去做點(diǎn)什么而不是僅僅空談了。It is time that you went/should go to bed, Tom. 湯姆，你該去

7、睡覺(jué) 了。Point 3虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于if only引導(dǎo)的條件句或感嘆句虛擬語(yǔ)氣從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反過(guò)去式或（be動(dòng)伺用were）與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反had+過(guò)去分詞與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反would/ could/ might-+動(dòng)詞原形If only I were younger now!要是現(xiàn)在我年輕一些該多好啊!（與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反）If only you had worked with greater care! 要是你更細(xì)心地工作該多好啊!（與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反）If only I could go to the moon one day! 要是我有一天能到月球上該多好啊!（與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反）【特別注意】

8、only if：意為“只有（才）引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)句，不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。I told him he would succeed only if he tried hard. 我告訴他，只要他努力就會(huì)成功。經(jīng)典好題My key isnt in my backpack. Where on earth I have put it?A. canB.wouldC. shouldD.mustWhen he was at college, he go to that coffee shop to do a part-time job every weekend.A. mustB.shouldC. mightD.wou

9、ld一 Its really a pity that you didnt go to see Frozen II last night.I, but I had to prepare for the coming exam.A. would like to B. ought toC. would have D. should haveWell make the final decision on our scheme.you change your mind, please inform us as soon as possible.A. ShouldB. WereC. WouldD. Had

10、. Why didnt you tell me there was no meeting today? I all the way here through the heavy snow.A. neednt have drivenB. couldnt have drivenC. should have drivenD. must have drivenFrankly speaking, I am not sure whether I this in the old days with that kind of equipment, whichlooks quite odd and ridicu

11、lous.A. should have done B. need have done C. would have done D. must have done（2021 年天津卷）一I honestly dont think Fm going to be admitted.-Well, you never know! You a better impression than you think.may have madeshould have madecouldnt have madeneednt have madeL單句語(yǔ)法填空How I wish every family（have） a

12、large house with a beautiful garden. （2020.3 北京四中調(diào)研）They would（kill） him if he had not defended himself. （2020.3 大慶鐵人中學(xué)模擬）They set off for the destination too late; otherwise they wouldnt（stick） in the storm. （2020 可匕開(kāi)E 臺(tái)一中一模）Tom recommended me that I（accept） the invitation. （2020.5 衡水二中模擬）The old m

13、an treated the boy as if he his own son. （2020.6 合肥一中集訓(xùn)）The manager required that the work（finish） before Friday. （2020.4 哈三中模擬）Only when the results came out did he realize that he should（devote） himself to his studies, but it was too late. （2020.5 石家莊二中模擬）If it were not for the fact that you（be） i

14、ll, I would ask you to do this right now. （2020.6 沈陽(yáng)集訓(xùn)）Without your timely help, I couldnt（finish） the task ahead of time. （2020.6 天津南開(kāi)中學(xué)押題卷）The woman stood by the river still as if she（turn） into a stone. （2020.6 秦皇島一中考前押題卷）I（abandon） my dream of becoming a pianist, but for the encouragement from t

15、hat music teacher. （2020江蘇揚(yáng)州高三期中調(diào)研）Eye doctors recommend that a childs first eye exam（is） at the age of six months. （2020 黑龍江大 慶鐵人中學(xué)期中）How impressive Chinas 70th anniversary of National Day parade is!一Definitely. If only I（be） on the scene! （2020 江蘇無(wú)錫期中）According to the school rules, no child be all

16、owed out of school, unless accompanied by his or herown parents. （2019江蘇南通中學(xué)高三?？迹℡ou（do） something great, otherwise you wouldnt have got the promotion. （2019 1 匕京中央民族大 學(xué)附屬中學(xué)高三檢測(cè)）If you leave within 15 minutes, you park your car at the roadside temporarily. （2019 江蘇揚(yáng)州高三期中聯(lián)考）一Did you go to the party l

17、ast night?一Yes, but Td rather I（go） there. It was so boring. （2019 江蘇天一中學(xué)高三調(diào)研）Kelly foiled Mr. Browns literature course. She have handed in the report earlier. （2019 北京海淀區(qū)高三期中）一Here you are. This is the hotel!一Its so close to the station. We have taken the taxi at all! （2019 天津?yàn)I海高三期中）Why did you thr

18、ow the bottle out of the window? Somebody（hurt）. （2019 江蘇蘇州期中調(diào)研）I cant speak for everyone, but I speak for myself.Suddenly it occurred to me that I have left my suitcase in the taxi. But I was not sure.I（be） in the shade like all the other tourists, then I wouldnt have got burned.Your brother has be

19、en admitted to Nanjing University?一Yes, he deserves it. If I had worked as wisely, that（be） my destiny.If you have a cigarette, choose a seat in the first row of the smoking section.一Did Justine realize his fault and do something to make up?一I wish that I could（have） that happen, but actually he sti

20、ll went his own way.They（reach） the agreement so easily without that common ground.Had the governments and scientists not worked together, AIDS-related deaths have fallen since theirhighest in 2005.I known about his financial situation, I would have helped him out.If you want to pry into other peopl

21、es business, you not do it here, young man.真題冠L單項(xiàng)選擇。（2021 天津）It used to be that you drive for miles here without seeing another person, but nowthere are houses and people everywhere.A. needB. shouldC. couldD. must（2020天津卷）Jim says we stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy .A. mustB.

22、 canC. needD. should（2020江蘇）If I hadnt been faced with so many barriers, I where I am.A. wont beB. wouldnt have been C. wouldn,t beD. shouldnt have been（2019天津）The professor warned the students that on no account use mobile phones in his class.A. should theyB. they shouldC. dare theyD. they dare（201

23、9江蘇）What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we a good time together.A. hadB. will haveC. would have hadD. had had（2019天津卷）The workers were not better organized, otherwise they the task in half the time.A. accomplishedB. had accomplishedC. would accomplishD. would have accomplished（2018天津）I cant

24、find my purse. I it in the supermarket yesterday, but Im not sure.A. should leaveB. must have leftC. might leaveD. could have left（江蘇2018） Its strange that he have taken the books without the owners permission.A. wouldB. shouldC. couldD. might（江蘇 2018） There is a good social life in the village, and

25、 I wish I a second chance to become moreinvolved.A. hadB. will haveC. would have had D. have had（2018.）匕京卷）In todays information age, the loss of data cause serious problems for a company.A. needB. shouldC. canD. must.（2018江蘇）Thank you fbr all your hard work last week. I dont think we it without you

26、.A. can manageB. could have managed C. could manage D. can have managed. （20174匕京卷）Samuel, the tallest boy in our class,easily reach the books on the top shelf.A. mustB. shouldC. canD. need13（2017天津）My room is a mess, but I clean it before I go out tonight. I can do it in the morning.A. darentB. sho

27、uldntC. needntD. mustnt（2017天津）一Do you have Bettys phone number?一Yes. Otherwise, I able to reach her yesterday.A. hadnt beenB. wouldnt have beenC. werentD. wouldnt be15（2016天津）It was really annoying; 1 get access to the data bank you had recommended.A. wouldntB. couldntC. shouldntD. neednt（2016浙江）Ha

28、d the governments and scientists not worked together , AIDS-related deaths since theirhighest in 2005.A. had not fallen B. would not fallC. did not fall D. would not have fallen（2016折江）George too far. His coffee is still warm.A. must have gone B. might have goneC. cant have gone D. neednt have gone（

29、2016匕京）1 love the weekend, because I get up early on Saturdays and Sundays.A. needntB. mustntC. wouldntD. shouldnt（2015天津）I have worried before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are veryfriendly to me.A. mightntB. mustntC. needntD. couldnt（2015四川）You be careful with the camera. It cos

30、ts!A. mustB. mayC. canD. will（2015福建）一Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again.一Oh, its too bad. You have made full preparations.A. mustB. canC. wouldD. should（2015陜西）You feel all the training a waste of time, but Im a hundred percent sure later youllbe grateful you did it.A. shouldB. needC. sha

31、llD. may（2015重慶）You be Carol. You havent changed a bit after all these years.A. mustB. canC. willD. shall24（2015浙江）11 was so noisy that we hear ourselves speak.A. couldntB. shouldntC. mustntD neednt25.Cant you stay a little longer?Its getting late. I really go now. My daughter is home alone.A .mayB

32、.canC. mustD .dare2.以下各句均有一處錯(cuò)誤，請(qǐng)指出并糾正。.（2020 全國(guó) I） I like eating frying tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must to be easy to cook.（2018 全國(guó) II） As a kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watch them, my parents would not to let me.（2015 天津）1 wish I have been at my

33、sisters wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then.（2015 . 安徽）It is lucky we booked a room, or we would have had nowhere to stay now. Must I have a word with you? It won*t take long.I ve prepared all kinds of food for the picnic.Do you mean we mustnt bring anything with us?.

34、 It was sad to me that they, so poor themselves, would bring me food.1 still remember my happy childhood when my mother will take me to Disneyland at weekends.They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation, or they would come to our help.My mom suggested that we will

35、eat out for a change this weekend.If he had spent more time practicing English before, he wouldnt have be able to speak it much better nowEye doctors recommend that a childs first eye exam is at the age of six months old.The children must have lost in the woods; otherwise they would have been at the

36、 lakeside camp as scheduled.Since nobody gave him any help, he should have done the research on his own.Dont handle the vase as if it is made of steel.、表示請(qǐng)求或允許。在疑問(wèn)句中,could可以代替can,語(yǔ)氣更委婉，但回答時(shí)要用can。一Can/ Could I use your bike tomorrow morning?Yes, you can.-明天上午我可以用你的自行車嗎?-是的，可以。表示可能性，意為“可能”，can多用于否認(rèn)句和疑

37、問(wèn)句中，could不受限。can比could語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)。He can*t be our manager. Our manager has gone to Beijing.他不可能是我們經(jīng)理。我們經(jīng)理已經(jīng)去北京了。、表示驚異、懷疑、迷惑等態(tài)度，常用于否認(rèn)句和疑問(wèn)句中。How can you treat me like that?你怎么能那樣對(duì)我？、用于固定習(xí)語(yǔ)中:canttoo/enough（無(wú)論也不過(guò)分；越越好）；carf but do sth.（不得不做某事，只好 做某事）；can* t help doing sth（禁不住做某事）。I can* t thank you too much for

38、 all your help to my son while we were away from home.我非常感謝你在我們不在家時(shí)幫助我的兒子。One cannot but admire her determination.人們不得不佩服她的決心。（2）、may、might、表示請(qǐng)求或許可。在疑問(wèn)句中,might可以代替may,語(yǔ)氣更加委婉。一Might I ask for a picture of your little daughter?-Yes, you may-我可以要一張你小女兒的照片嗎?-是的，可以、表示可能性，意為“或許，可能”，通常用于肯定句和否認(rèn)句中，might比may語(yǔ)

39、氣弱。-1 dont really like James.Why did you invite him?-Dont worry. He might not come. He said he wasnt certain what his plans were.我真的不喜歡詹姆斯。你為什么邀請(qǐng)他?一別擔(dān)憂，他或許不會(huì)來(lái)。他說(shuō)他還不能確定他的計(jì)劃。、may可表示祝愿，常用結(jié)構(gòu)為“May+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形!”May you be happy every day!愿你快樂(lè)每一天！、用于固定短語(yǔ)中:may/ might as well+動(dòng)詞原形（不妨，還是.為好）；may/ might well+動(dòng)詞原形（

40、可臺(tái)9 、 目匕）You may/ might as well tell him the truth.你不妨告訴他事實(shí)吧。He may/ might well stay in Beijing now.他現(xiàn)在可能待在北京。(3)、must have to、表示義務(wù)，意為“必須，must強(qiáng)調(diào)說(shuō)話人的主觀看法，have to那么強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀需要；在回答帶有must的問(wèn) 句時(shí)，否認(rèn)式常用 need not( neednt)或 don* t have to,而不是用 must not.We must act as quickly as possible now. Just tell us whether/

41、if you can undertake the task or not.現(xiàn)在我們必須盡快采取行動(dòng)。你就告訴我們你能否承當(dāng)這項(xiàng)任務(wù)。I have to go now, because my mother is in hospital.我現(xiàn)在不得不走了，因?yàn)槲夷赣H在住院。、must用來(lái)表示推測(cè)，意為“一定”,只能用在肯定句中。You must be hungry after a long walk.長(zhǎng)途跋涉之后，你一定餓了。Someone must have used my umbrella yesterday. I found it wet.昨天一定有用 了我的雨傘，我發(fā)現(xiàn)它濕了。、must意

42、為“偏要，非要不可”。If you must have a cigarette, choose a seat in the first row of the smoking section.如果你非要吸煙的話，去吸煙區(qū)的第一排找個(gè)座位。、mustnt表示禁止，意為“不得，不允許；一定不要”。You mustnt play with the knife, or you may hurt yourself.你千萬(wàn)不要玩刀,否那么會(huì)傷到自己的。(4)、shall、用于第一、三人稱的疑問(wèn)句中，表示說(shuō)話者征求對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)。Shall we begin our new lesson today? 我們今天開(kāi)

43、始上新的一課好嗎？Shall he come in now? 要不要讓他現(xiàn)在進(jìn)來(lái)？、用于第二、三人稱的陳述句中，表示說(shuō)話者的命令、警告、威脅、允諾、決心等。You shall be punished for what you have done.你必須為你的所作所為受到懲罰。、用于條約、規(guī)定、法令、法律等，意為“必須”。One of our rules is that every student shall wear school uniform while at school. 我們有一條規(guī)定,那就是每名學(xué)生在校期間都必須穿校服。(5)、should、ought to、should表示責(zé)任、

44、義務(wù)、勸告、建議等，意為“應(yīng)該”。We should be strict with ourselves.我們應(yīng)該嚴(yán)格要求、should表示出乎意料的口氣，意為“竟然,居然”Such a gentleman should do that.這樣一位紳士竟然會(huì)做那種事。、ought to表示義務(wù)，意為“應(yīng)該，語(yǔ)氣比should略重。You ought not to be so selfish.你不應(yīng)該這么 自私。should和ought to表示推測(cè)，指合乎理想的情況或結(jié)果，意為“按說(shuō)應(yīng)該”。Try phoning Roberthe should be home by now.給羅伯特打個(gè) 試試，他

45、現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該到家了(6)、will、would、與各種人稱連用，用于陳述句中，表示主語(yǔ)的意志、意愿或決心。will指現(xiàn)在，would指過(guò)去。I will never talk to him again.我再也不愿意和他說(shuō)話了。Days later, my brother called to say he was all right, but wouldnt say where he was.幾天后，我的哥哥打 說(shuō)他一切都好，但是他不愿說(shuō)他在哪兒。、表示征求意見(jiàn)或提出請(qǐng)求，多用于第二人稱疑問(wèn)句中。would比win語(yǔ)氣委婉。Will/ Would you close the window?請(qǐng)把窗戶關(guān)

46、上好嗎？、表示習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作、固有屬性或必然趨勢(shì)，意為“總是；習(xí)慣于。will指現(xiàn)在，would指過(guò)去。Fish will die without water.沒(méi)有水，魚會(huì)死的。When we worked in the same firm several years ago, we would often go to the cinema together.幾年前我們?cè)谕患夜竟ぷ鲿r(shí)，我們常常一起去電影院看電影。(7)、need、dare、need既可作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，也可作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞；作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，表示“需要。常用于否認(rèn)句和疑問(wèn)句中。neednt 表示“不必“；對(duì)need引出的一般疑問(wèn)句作肯定回答時(shí)

47、用must而不用need,作否認(rèn)回答時(shí)用needn*toI needn*t use a clock to wake me up because at six oclock each morning the train comes by my house.我不必用鬧鐘來(lái)叫醒自己，因?yàn)槊刻煸缟狭c(diǎn)都有火車從我家旁邊經(jīng)過(guò)。、dare既可作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，也可作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞；作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，表示“敢，膽敢”，后跟動(dòng)詞原形，常用于疑問(wèn) 句、否認(rèn)句和條件句中。I am so afraid that I dare not move.我嚇得一動(dòng)也不敢動(dòng)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ have done的用法、must have done表示

48、對(duì)過(guò)去已發(fā)生動(dòng)作的肯定推測(cè)，意為“想必/一定做了“，用于肯定句中，語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)。The children must have got lost in the woods; otherwise, they would have been at the lakeside camp as scheduled. 孩子們一定在森林里迷路了，否那么，他們會(huì)按照計(jì)劃出現(xiàn)在湖邊營(yíng)地。、can*t have done表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況把握較大的否認(rèn)推測(cè)，意為“不可能做了”。I saw Mr. Li just now. He cant have gone to Beijing.我剛才看見(jiàn)李先生了。他不可能去了 北京。、co

49、uld have done表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的推測(cè)，意為“可能已經(jīng)做了“Dont worry they could have just forgotten to call.別擔(dān)憂，他們可能只是忘了 打 。表示對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬，意為“本來(lái)能做”，但實(shí)際上沒(méi)做。You could have done better, but you were too careless.你本來(lái)能做得更好些，但你當(dāng)時(shí)太粗心了 c、may have done表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的推測(cè)，意為“也許/或許已經(jīng)做了”，用于肯定句中，一般不用于疑問(wèn)句中，語(yǔ)氣較弱, 其否認(rèn)形式為 may not have done.She may have b

50、ought the dictionary,but I1 m not sure.她也許已經(jīng)買 了那本詞典，但我不太確信。、might have done表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的推測(cè)，意為“也許/或許已經(jīng)做了“，用于肯定句中，一般不用于疑問(wèn)句中，語(yǔ)氣較may have done 更弱，其否認(rèn)形式為 might not have done。Smith might have gone to see the movie yesterday.史密斯也許昨天已經(jīng)去看過(guò)這部電影了。表示對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬，意為“本來(lái)可以做”，但實(shí)際上沒(méi)做。You might have given him more help, though

51、you were busy.你本可以給他更多幫助的，雖然你當(dāng)時(shí)很忙。、should/ought to have done表示對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬。用于肯定句，意為“本該做”，而實(shí)際上未做；其否認(rèn)式為shouldnft / ought not to have done,意為“本不該做”，而實(shí)際上做了，表示責(zé)備或惋惜之情。He is sad. You shouldnt have told him the bad news.他感到難過(guò)。你本不應(yīng)該告訴他這個(gè)壞消息。、needn9t have done表示對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬，意為“本來(lái)不必做 而實(shí)際上做了。We neednt have bought so much

52、food now that Suzie won*t be with us for dinner.既然蘇西不與我們一起吃晚飯，我們?cè)静槐刭I那么多食物。、would rather have done意為“寧愿當(dāng)時(shí)做了“，其否認(rèn)式為would rather not have doneo兩者都含有后悔之意。I raised objections at the meeting, but now I would rather not have done that.會(huì)上提出異議，但現(xiàn)在我寧愿自己沒(méi)那么做。、would like/love to have done表示過(guò)去本打算做，但實(shí)際上未做成。I wou

53、ld love to have attended the meeting last Sunday, but I had to finish my report.上周日我本來(lái)很想去參加會(huì)議的，但我得完成報(bào)告。Was there anything you would like to have done during high school?在高中時(shí)期，有沒(méi)有什么事是你想做卻沒(méi)有做成的?二、虛擬語(yǔ)氣考向一、虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于非真實(shí)條件句虛擬語(yǔ)氣條件狀語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)過(guò)去式(be動(dòng)詞一般用were)would/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)h

54、ad+過(guò)去分詞would/should/could/might+have+過(guò)去分詞與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)過(guò)去式或 were to / should+動(dòng)詞原形would/should/ could/ might+動(dòng)詞原形If I were you, I would read it again.如果我是你的話，我會(huì)再讀一遍。(與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反)We would have called a taxi yesterday if Harold hadn*t offered us a ride home.假如昨天哈羅德沒(méi)有開(kāi)車送我們回，我們就乘出租車回來(lái)了。(與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反)If it rained tomo

55、rrow, the sports meet would be put off.要是明天下雨，運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)就會(huì)推遲。(與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反)【特別注意】(1)、在if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞含有had,were, should時(shí)，可以把if省略，將had, were, should 提到句首，變?yōu)榈寡b句。Had you (=If you had)come earlier, you would have caught the early bus.如果你早點(diǎn)來(lái)，就能趕上早班車了。Were I you (= If I were you), T would not do it.我要是你，就不會(huì)做這件事Sh

56、ould he come (= If he should come), tell him to ring me up.他要是來(lái)了,讓他給我打個(gè) 。(2)、當(dāng)條件狀語(yǔ)從句和主句表示的動(dòng)作或行為所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，該條件句就被稱為“錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句工 動(dòng)詞的形要根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間作出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。If you had followed the doctors advice, you would be better now.如果你當(dāng)時(shí)遵循醫(yī)生的建議的話，你現(xiàn)在就好多了。If you had spoken to him yesterday, you would know what to do now.如

57、果你昨天跟他談過(guò)了，你現(xiàn)在就知道該做什么了。（3）、有時(shí)假設(shè)的條件不通過(guò)條件狀語(yǔ)從句表達(dá)出來(lái)，而是隱含在某些詞或短語(yǔ)中，或隱含在上下文中，這 叫含蓄條件句。常用的這類詞或短語(yǔ)有：without（要是）沒(méi)有in case萬(wàn)一，以防 but for要不是for fear that唯恐 otherwise否那么 or否那么I couldnt have gone through that bitter period without your generous help.如果沒(méi)有你慷慨相助的話，我不可能熬過(guò)那段艱苦的日子。We would have put Johns name on the race