英漢互譯增譯法及省譯法解析課件

1、 By amplification we mean supplying necessary words in our translation work so as to make the version correct and clear, to make it more like the language translated into. Of course words thus supplied must be indispensable either syntactically or semantically. In other words, a translator is not su

2、pposed to add any meaning to the original. 3.3 Amplification (增譯法) 1第1頁(yè)，共33頁(yè)。There are two kinds: 1)Words for syntactic constructionto secure correctness, 2)Words supplied for semantic completionto secure clearness. Both aim at making the version expressive and readily understood by the reader.2第2頁(yè)，

3、共33頁(yè)。1、增加動(dòng)詞1). Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. 讀書使人充實(shí),討論使人機(jī)智,筆記（寫作）使人準(zhǔn)確。2) . We dont regret, we never have and never will.我們不會(huì)后悔，我們從來(lái)沒有后悔過，我們將來(lái)也不會(huì)后悔。3). After the basketball, he still has an important conference.看完籃球比賽之后，他還有一個(gè)重要會(huì)議要參加。3第3頁(yè)，共33頁(yè)。2. 增加形容詞或副詞1

4、). With what enthusiasm the Chinese people are building socialism!中國(guó)人民正以多么高的熱情建設(shè)社會(huì)主義??！人群漸漸散開了。2). The crowds melted away.他一坐下來(lái)就講開了，滔滔不絕地講個(gè)沒完。3). As he sat down and began talking, words poured out.4第4頁(yè)，共33頁(yè)。4). She lingered long over his letter. 5). In the films of those days, all too often it was th

5、e same one: boy tractor driver meets girl tractor driver; they fall in love and drive tractor together. 在那時(shí)候的電影里，總是老一套：男拖拉機(jī)手和女拖拉機(jī)手始而相遇，繼而相愛，終而并肩開拖拉機(jī)了。她反反復(fù)復(fù)地回味著他的來(lái)信。5第5頁(yè)，共33頁(yè)?，旣惖恼煞虬┌Y去世后，就靠洗衣服維持生活。2). Mary washed for a living after her husband died of cancer.3). He ate and drank, for he was exhausted.

6、他吃了 點(diǎn)東西，喝了點(diǎn)酒，因?yàn)樗v不堪了。3. 增加名詞1). First you borrow, then you beg. 頭一遭借錢，下一遭就討飯。6第6頁(yè)，共33頁(yè)。4). That black jacket is indeed cheap and fine. 那件黑夾克真是價(jià)廉物美。5). He was wrinkled and black, with scant gray hair.他滿臉皺紋，皮膚黝黑，頭發(fā)灰白稀疏。6). A new kind of carsmall, cheapis attracting increasing attention.一種新型轎車正越來(lái)越引起人們

7、的注意這種轎車體積小，價(jià)錢便宜。7第7頁(yè)，共33頁(yè)。8). His arrogance made everyone dislike him.他的傲慢態(tài)度使誰(shuí)也不喜歡他。9). After all preparations were made, the planes were flown across the U.S. to San Francisco.一切準(zhǔn)備工作就緒以后， 飛機(jī)就飛越美國(guó)去了舊金山。由例8 、9可以看出， 某些動(dòng)詞或形容詞派生來(lái)的抽象名詞，翻譯時(shí)可以根據(jù)上下文在其后面增添適當(dāng)?shù)拿~，使譯文更符合規(guī)范。 又如：8第8頁(yè)，共33頁(yè)。to persuade 說(shuō)服 persuasio

8、n說(shuō)服工作to prepare 準(zhǔn)備 preparation準(zhǔn)備工作backward 落后 backwardness落后狀態(tài)tense 緊張 tension緊張局勢(shì)arrogant 自滿 arrogance自滿情緒mad 瘋狂 madness 瘋狂行為antagonistic敵對(duì) antagonism 敵對(duì)態(tài)度9第9頁(yè)，共33頁(yè)。4. 增加代詞1). 小不忍則亂大謀。If one is not patient in small thing, one will never be able to control great ventures.2). 交出翻譯之前，必須讀幾遍，看看有沒有要修改的地方

9、，這樣你才能把工作做好。（鐘述孔英漢翻譯手冊(cè)） Before handing in your translation, you have to read it over and over again and see if there is anything in it to be corrected or improved. Only thus can you do your work well. (Zhong Shukong, A Handbook of Translation)10第10頁(yè)，共33頁(yè)。He who makes no investigation and study has n

10、o right to speak. 3). 沒有調(diào)查就沒有發(fā)言權(quán)。當(dāng)然了，例還可以認(rèn)為是增補(bǔ)主語(yǔ)“he”。又如：“又要馬兒跑得快, 又要馬兒不吃草, 簡(jiǎn)直可笑。”You want the horse to run fast and yet you dont let it graze. Isnt it ridiculous! Dont put your hands in your pockets.4). 別把手?jǐn)R在口袋里。11第11頁(yè)，共33頁(yè)。5). 一天天冷起來(lái)了。It is getting colder day by day.6) 嘗試而失敗還是比不嘗試好。It is better to

11、try and fail than never try at all.7). 你三星期完成這項(xiàng)設(shè)計(jì)不容易。It was not easy for you to finish this design in three weeks.8). 把鐘拆開比把它裝起來(lái)容易。It is easier to take a clock apart than to put it together again.12第12頁(yè)，共33頁(yè)。5、增加語(yǔ)氣詞或量詞 漢語(yǔ)有許多語(yǔ)氣助詞，如“的”、“吧”、“呢”、“啊”、“呀”、“嘛”、“嗎”、“啦”、“了”不同的語(yǔ)氣詞可以發(fā)揮不同的作用，英漢互譯時(shí)需用心體驗(yàn)，以期譯出從意義和

12、修辭色彩等都符合的譯文。同時(shí)，英語(yǔ)中的數(shù)詞（包括不定冠詞a）與可數(shù)名詞直接連用，它們之間并無(wú)量詞，而漢語(yǔ)往往要借助量詞。因此英譯漢時(shí)，應(yīng)根據(jù)實(shí)際情況恰當(dāng)?shù)卦黾颖硎酒湫螤?、特征或材料的名量詞。 不要生氣嘛！我不過開開玩笑罷了。1). Dont get angry. Im just making fun of you.13第13頁(yè)，共33頁(yè)。3). They (the eyes) were the same colour as the sea, cheerful and undefeated.2). As for me, I didnt agree from the very beginning.

13、我呢，從一開始就不贊成。那雙眼睛啊，像海水一樣的藍(lán)，令人愉快，毫不沮喪4). A red sun is rising slowly on the horizon.一輪紅日正從地平線上冉冉升起。14第14頁(yè)，共33頁(yè)。5). A stream was winding its way through the valley in into the Dadu river.一彎溪水蜿蜒流過山谷，匯合到大渡河去了。6）This too was a complicate lie. 這也純粹是一派胡言。7). Once, they had a quarrel.有一次，他們爭(zhēng)吵了一番。15第15頁(yè)，共33頁(yè)。從

14、例7、8、9可見，英語(yǔ)中有些動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)作名詞，譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)常需增加一些表示行為、動(dòng)作的動(dòng)量詞。又如：have a rest 休息一下; make a stop停一下.8). Seeing is believing.百聞不如一見。9). The essence remains its identity while appearances may vary.萬(wàn)變不離其宗。16第16頁(yè)，共33頁(yè)。White clouds float over the blue sky.Can you manage without help? I dare say that the Chinese way of refo

15、rms is more characteristic and effective than others.In general, all the metals are good conductors, with silver the best and copper the second.Dont be weaving.He was wrinkled and black, with scant gray hair.“ How shall I do it?” “Just as you wish!” He felt the patriot rise within his breast.17第17頁(yè)，

16、共33頁(yè)。藍(lán)藍(lán)的天上漂浮著朵朵白云。如果沒有人幫忙， 你能應(yīng)付的了嗎？我認(rèn)為， 中國(guó)的改革方式比別國(guó)的改革方式更富有特色、更卓有成效。一般說(shuō)來(lái)， 金屬都是良好的導(dǎo)體，其中以銀為最好，銅次之。18第18頁(yè)，共33頁(yè)。5. 不要三心二意。6. 他滿臉皺紋，皮膚黝黑，頭發(fā)灰白稀疏。7. 這事兒我該怎么辦才好？你想怎么辦，就怎么辦。8. 他感到一種愛國(guó)熱情在心中蕩漾。19第19頁(yè)，共33頁(yè)。 Opposite to the principle of amplification, omission is however not contradictory to it. On contrary, omis

17、sion supplementary to amplification, omits what is considered necessary and indispensable in English may be deemed useless, superfluous and even encumbrance. This principal makes the version brief, concise and clear. For example, 3.4 Omission (省譯法) 20第20頁(yè)，共33頁(yè)。1). A book is useful. 書（是）有用（的）。 2). Th

18、e earth goes around the sun. 地球繞太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。 3). On Sundays we have no school. 禮拜天我們不上課。21第21頁(yè)，共33頁(yè)。1. 省略代詞 英語(yǔ)中通常每句都有主語(yǔ)。但根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)習(xí)慣，但前句出現(xiàn)一個(gè)主語(yǔ)且后句仍為同一主語(yǔ)時(shí)，后句主語(yǔ)一般省掉。如：1).He was thin and haggard and he looked miserable.他消瘦而憔悴，看上去一副可憐相。2). We live and learn.活到老，學(xué)到老。22第22頁(yè)，共33頁(yè)。3). Everywhere you can find new types of

19、 men and objects in new Campus.新校區(qū)處處可以看到新人、新事物。4). If you give him an inch, he will take a mile.得寸進(jìn)尺。23第23頁(yè)，共33頁(yè)。5). I have received your letter and read it with delight.我收到了你的信，愉快地讀了。6)有條件要上；沒有條件，創(chuàng)造條件也要上。When conditions exist, go ahead; when they dont, create them and go ahead.24第24頁(yè)，共33頁(yè)。 解說(shuō)：例4、5、

20、6漢譯時(shí)常把英語(yǔ)中作賓語(yǔ)的代詞省掉。尤其是例4，省略了做主語(yǔ)的代詞，賓語(yǔ)的代詞，連句中的連詞 “if” 也省略了，但思想內(nèi)容卻絲毫未變，可謂形神皆備。而下面的例子（7、8）卻恰當(dāng)?shù)厥÷粤宋镏鞔~。7). I wash my face in the morning.我早上洗臉。8). He shrugged his shoulders, shook his head, cast up his eyes, but said nothing.他聳聳肩，搖搖頭，兩眼看天，一句話不說(shuō)。25第25頁(yè)，共33頁(yè)。2. 省略連詞 我們?cè)谟懻撛鲎g法時(shí)，提到“漢語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言精煉，并列連詞較少使用，其上下邏輯關(guān)系常常是暗

21、含的，由詞語(yǔ)順序來(lái)表示。但譯為英語(yǔ)時(shí)，需要增補(bǔ)。證實(shí)了英語(yǔ)是形合語(yǔ)言，漢語(yǔ)是意合語(yǔ)言的命題?！毕喾?，把英語(yǔ)譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)，很多情況則需省略連詞。如：1). 26第26頁(yè)，共33頁(yè)。He looked gloomy and troubled. （表并列）他看上去有些憂愁不安。2). As the temperature increase, the volume of water becomes greater. （表原因） 溫度升高，水的體積就增大。27第27頁(yè)，共33頁(yè)。3). We knew winter vocation was coming as (because) we had seen

22、the big stone in the River. （表原因）（我們）看見了河里大石頭，就知道寒假要來(lái)了。4). If winter comes, can spring be far behind? （表?xiàng)l件） 冬天來(lái)了，春天還會(huì)遠(yuǎn)嗎？5). When it is dark in the east, it is light in the west; when things are dark in the south there is still light in the north. （表時(shí)間） 東方不亮西方亮，黑了南方有北方。28第28頁(yè)，共33頁(yè)。3. 省略前置詞（介詞） 一般說(shuō)來(lái)， 表示時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)的英語(yǔ)前置詞，譯成漢語(yǔ)如出現(xiàn)在句首，大都可以省略，出現(xiàn)在句尾時(shí)大都不省。如：1). The Peoples Republic of China was founded in 1949.一九四九年中華人民共和國(guó)成立。比較：中華人民共和國(guó)成立于一九四九年。29第29頁(yè)，共33頁(yè)。2). In July, 1956, Egypt had seized the Suez Canal. 一九五六年七月，埃及占領(lǐng)了蘇伊士運(yùn)河。 比較：埃及