冀東油田水平井鉆井液技術(shù)重點(diǎn)

1、.12005年7月DRILLINGFLUID&PLETIONFLUIDJul12005文章編號(hào):100125620(2005)0420072202冀東油田水平井鉆井液技術(shù)鄧增庫(kù)左洪國(guó)夏景剛文權(quán)增春平(華北石油管理局第三鉆井工程公司,河間)摘要針對(duì)水平井鉆井要求和冀東油田的地層特點(diǎn),采用強(qiáng)包被、,定向井段和水平井段采用聚磺硅氟乳化原油鉆井液。該鉆井液中PMHA與JJ能力;GT298、KJ21與NPAN,L21與JGWJ復(fù)配使用可以提高鉆井液的封堵能力,?，F(xiàn)場(chǎng)應(yīng)用說(shuō)明,該鉆井液具有較強(qiáng)的防塌能力、,解決了上部地層和水平井段砂巖儲(chǔ)層的井塌以及大斜度井段、水平井段的攜砂、,完全滿足了冀東地區(qū)垂深小于3

2、000m水平井的鉆井需要。關(guān)鍵詞聚磺硅氟鉆井液井眼凈化井眼穩(wěn)定防止地層損害水平鉆井冀東油田中圖:TE254.3文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A鉆井液性能優(yōu)良是水平井井下平安的重要保證。為滿足水平井鉆井要求,對(duì)水平井鉆井液技術(shù)進(jìn)展了調(diào)研,結(jié)合冀東油田的地層特點(diǎn),從鉆井液的抑制防塌能力、流變性、潤(rùn)滑性、油層保護(hù)等方面進(jìn)展室評(píng)價(jià),優(yōu)選出了聚磺硅氟乳化原油鉆井液配方,并首次在G362P4井進(jìn)展試驗(yàn),獲得了成功。隨著水平井鉆井液技術(shù)的不斷完善,22口水平井實(shí)踐說(shuō)明,聚磺硅氟乳化原油鉆井液具有較強(qiáng)的防塌能力、良好的流變性和潤(rùn)滑性,油層保護(hù)效果好,滿足了冀東油田垂深小于3000m的水平井鉆井需要。砂帶來(lái)困難;水平段處于砂巖產(chǎn)

3、層,鉆速快(鉆時(shí)為0.82min/m),鉆井液中巖屑濃度大;一般水平井段的井徑比常規(guī)井徑大,同時(shí)鉆具不能居中,在重力作用下,巖屑在運(yùn)移過(guò)程中產(chǎn)生沉降,在鉆具周邊淤積。如果鉆井液攜砂能力較弱,或工程措施不當(dāng),極易形成巖屑床,造成卡鉆。113潤(rùn)滑防卡由于油層埋深較淺,井眼軌跡半徑較小,造斜率有時(shí)達(dá)30/100m以上,大斜度井段地層較軟,地層與鉆具接觸面大,固相潤(rùn)滑作用小,主要依賴液相潤(rùn)滑,增加了潤(rùn)滑防卡難度。114油層保護(hù)1技術(shù)難點(diǎn)111井壁穩(wěn)定該油田館組下部地層存在不同厚度的玄武巖,膠結(jié)物少,地層破碎,表現(xiàn)為大塊塌落;東營(yíng)組泥頁(yè)巖地層易吸水造成不均質(zhì)剝落坍塌;儲(chǔ)層砂巖膠結(jié)性差,返出巖屑類(lèi)似流砂,

4、儲(chǔ)層砂巖裸露段長(zhǎng)達(dá)幾百米,上層井壁失去垂向支撐使地層坍塌加劇。同時(shí),水平井前端鉆具與井口鉆具運(yùn)動(dòng)方向成90角,鉆具與井壁的摩擦力進(jìn)一步增大,加劇了井壁的不穩(wěn)定性。112井眼清潔冀東油田儲(chǔ)層多為高孔高滲型,易受固相和液相損害。儲(chǔ)層砂巖膠結(jié)差,易發(fā)生井漏,從而污染油層;油層水平井段較長(zhǎng),在薄油層鉆進(jìn)中要屢次調(diào)整施工方案,延長(zhǎng)了施工周期,加重了油層污染。2鉆井液配制及維護(hù)處理211鉆井液配方水平井屢次調(diào)整井斜、方位,井眼軌跡差,給攜針對(duì)冀東油田水平井施工對(duì)鉆井液技術(shù)的要求,通過(guò)試驗(yàn)優(yōu)選出了聚磺硅氟乳化原油鉆井液,配方如下。第一作者簡(jiǎn)介:鄧增庫(kù),工程師,1962年生,1981年畢業(yè)于華北石油學(xué)校鉆井專(zhuān)

5、業(yè),現(xiàn)在華北石油管理局第三鉆井工程公司泥漿技術(shù)中心工作。地址:省河間市;郵政編碼062450;(0317)2582397。第22卷第4期鄧增庫(kù)等:冀東油田水平井鉆井液技術(shù)73(4045g/L)膨潤(rùn)土漿+(0.3%0.4%)PM2HA(KPAM)+(0.5%1.0%)NPAN+(1.0%1.5%)JGYJ+(1.0%2.0%)QSAM2K+(1.0%2.0%)JGWJ+(0.5%1.0%)G*J+(1.0%2.0%)GT298+(1.0%1.5%)KJ21+0.1%乳化劑+(1.0%2.0%)YL21+(0.1%0.3%)MMH+(8%10%)原油+(1.5%2.0%)液體潤(rùn)滑劑+石墨類(lèi)潤(rùn)滑劑+

6、(8%10%)油層保護(hù)劑鉆井液性能:塑性粘度為18mPas,動(dòng)切力為9.5Pa,濾失量為2.8mL,高溫高壓濾失量為9.5mL,泥頁(yè)巖滾動(dòng)回收率為92%,頁(yè)巖膨35%,滲透率恢復(fù)值為88%該體系中的()J;GT298、KJ21與NPAN復(fù)配使用可控制高溫高壓濾失量小于10mL,改善泥餅質(zhì)量;QSAM2K、YL21與JGWJ復(fù)配使用可以提高封堵能力。通過(guò)以上3方面的作用提高了防塌能力。參加MMH用以改善懸浮和攜帶能力,必要時(shí)也可參加少量生物聚合物。為了最大限度地提高泥餅潤(rùn)滑性,采用原油、普通液體潤(rùn)滑劑、極壓潤(rùn)滑劑和石墨潤(rùn)滑劑組成的復(fù)合潤(rùn)滑方案。根據(jù)儲(chǔ)層孔隙的最大奉獻(xiàn)率原理和廣譜暫堵技術(shù)原理及地質(zhì)

7、部門(mén)提供的單井儲(chǔ)層孔隙度的分布資料,添加不同粒徑的超細(xì)碳酸鈣和軟化點(diǎn)與油層溫度相匹配的瀝青類(lèi)處理劑,對(duì)油層孔隙進(jìn)展快速封堵,防止液相和固相對(duì)油層的損害。一般使用4種不同粒徑的超細(xì)碳酸鈣與1種低軟化點(diǎn)瀝青復(fù)配作油層保護(hù)劑,每一口井都有不同的配比,油層保護(hù)劑的加量為8%10%。212上部直井段鉆井液維護(hù)處理鉆井液中的膨潤(rùn)土含量不大于45g/L;在井漿中均勻參加1.0%1.5%JGWJ、0.7%1.0%JGYJ和0.7%1.0%G*J;用PMHA(或KPAM)、NPAN、GT298、KJ21和QSAM2K配成膠液維護(hù)鉆井液,根據(jù)性能變化不斷調(diào)整配比;鉆進(jìn)過(guò)程中將JGWJ、JGYJ、G*J的有效含量逐

8、步增加至1.0%2.0%、1%1.5%和0.5%1.0%;鉆入水平井段前將YL21的有效含量增至1.5%2.0%,使鉆井液具、。在H或少量的生物,。30前參加5%7%原油,當(dāng)井斜大于45時(shí)將原油的有效含量增加至8%10%,并用0.1%乳化劑使原油充分乳化,維持其含量到完鉆。隨井斜角的增加,逐步增大液體潤(rùn)滑劑(中深井用極壓潤(rùn)滑劑)和石墨類(lèi)潤(rùn)滑劑用量,提高鉆井液的潤(rùn)滑性,降低摩阻系數(shù)至0.040.07,確保施工順利。214水平井段鉆井液維護(hù)處理和油層保護(hù)措施在進(jìn)入水平井段前50100m,用膠液稀釋或開(kāi)動(dòng)離心機(jī),將膨潤(rùn)土含量控制在55g/L以,在23周均勻參加8%10%油層保護(hù)劑,進(jìn)入水平井段后補(bǔ)加

9、油層保護(hù)劑以保持其有效含量;各種主要處理劑的含量在進(jìn)入水平井段前必須到達(dá)配方要求,進(jìn)入水平井段后嚴(yán)格控制鉆井液濾失量不大于3.5mL,高溫高壓濾失量不大于9mL,膨潤(rùn)土含量不大于60g/L,動(dòng)塑比值控制為0.40.7,初終切比值控制為1/31/5,流性指數(shù)控制在0.5以上,循環(huán)排量為32L/s,使鉆井液具有較強(qiáng)的抑制性和懸浮攜砂能力,防止水平井段井塌和巖屑床的形成。水平井段易發(fā)生漏失,在進(jìn)入水平井段起下鉆、短程起下鉆或下套管時(shí),先用1個(gè)凡爾小排量開(kāi)泵再逐步增大排量,適當(dāng)延長(zhǎng)循環(huán)時(shí)間;控制起下鉆和下套管速度,防止壓力沖動(dòng);鉆井液的粘度和切力不宜過(guò)高,一般粘度不超過(guò)50s,終切不大于9Pa。215

10、技術(shù)措施在2025g/L膨潤(rùn)土漿中參加0.3%0.4%PMHA和0.5%1.0%NPAN后開(kāi)鉆,鉆進(jìn)過(guò)程中用PMHA、NPAN維護(hù)鉆井液性能,保持低粘度(3035s)和低切力,控制濾失量為58mL。使用好四級(jí)凈化設(shè)備,將鉆井液密度控制在1.12g/cm3以下。在進(jìn)入玄武巖地層以前參加0.5%YL21和1.0%GT298,并在鉆進(jìn)過(guò)程中逐步將其加量提高到2.0%。鉆至造斜點(diǎn)前,控制鉆井液中的固相含量小于8%,膨潤(rùn)土含量低于45g/L。213斜井段鉆井液維護(hù)處理為保證井壁光滑,防止形成巖屑床,采取以下技術(shù)措施:鉆進(jìn)時(shí)每打完1個(gè)單根劃眼12次;鉆進(jìn)150200m短程起下鉆1次;井斜大于45時(shí)根據(jù)返砂

11、情況和鉆井負(fù)荷加密短程起下鉆次數(shù)。根據(jù)井下情況采用提高泵排量或泵入低密度(高密度)鉆井液段塞的方法清掃井眼,防止或延緩巖屑床的形成。(下轉(zhuǎn)第77頁(yè))鉆至造斜點(diǎn)起鉆前,按配方將井漿轉(zhuǎn)型為聚磺硅氟乳化原油鉆井液。方法為:起鉆前50100m,先用離心機(jī)降低鉆井液固相含量和膨潤(rùn)土含量,使第22卷第4期福祥等:大港儲(chǔ)氣庫(kù)井固井與完井技術(shù)探索與實(shí)踐77校核流量計(jì)、倒閘門(mén)。水泥車(chē)注入8m3前置液;注入65m3水泥漿,其中55.5m3是低密度水泥漿,平均密度為1.61g/cm3;注入9.5m3常規(guī)密度水泥漿,平均密度為1.87g/cm3;泥漿泵替入47.3m3密度為1.40g/cm3的重鉆井液。施工壓力為10

12、MPa,碰壓為15MPa。穩(wěn)壓3min,放壓,分級(jí)箍密封良好。3d后該井測(cè)固井質(zhì)量,一級(jí)水泥返至井深2196.619m,二級(jí)水泥返至地面,固井質(zhì)量為合格。儲(chǔ)氣庫(kù)進(jìn)展了10口井的施工作業(yè),固井優(yōu)質(zhì)率到達(dá)90%,其中177.8mm套管固井綜合情況見(jiàn)表3。6結(jié)論11采用雙密雙凝低失水、低析水微膨脹水泥漿體系可以滿足儲(chǔ)氣井的固井要求。21使用大功率注水泥設(shè)備,配備具有自動(dòng)控制混漿水泥車(chē),可保證按設(shè)計(jì)的水泥漿密度注入,到達(dá)平衡固井施工需要。2005203231;HGF=054L6;編輯曉嵐)5應(yīng)用效果從2000年以來(lái),(上接第73頁(yè))3鉆井液性能及應(yīng)用效果使用聚磺硅氟乳化原油鉆井液完成22口水平井。應(yīng)用

13、結(jié)果說(shuō)明,該體系具有流變性好、攜巖能力強(qiáng)、泥餅質(zhì)量好、潤(rùn)滑性好、封堵護(hù)壁效果好等特點(diǎn),滿足了冀東油田水平井鉆井施工的需要。局部水平井鉆井液性能見(jiàn)表1。表1鉆井液性能井號(hào)LB2P5在完成的22口井中,井深小于2500m的淺層水平井20口,井深為3000m左右的中深水平井2口,鉆井總進(jìn)尺為52916m,鉆井過(guò)程中未發(fā)生相關(guān)事故和復(fù)雜情況,完井電測(cè)一次成功。22口水平井綜合技術(shù)指標(biāo):平均斜深為2374m,垂深為1908m,平均水平段長(zhǎng)157.59m,最大井斜為95.58,事故時(shí)效為0。井眼質(zhì)量合格率、油層保護(hù)合格率和固井質(zhì)量合格率均為100%。井深m27383027FVPVYPFL4認(rèn)識(shí)11聚磺硅氟

14、乳化原油鉆井液具有較強(qiáng)的防塌能s44464546mPas20211818.23.4G292ZP122462257力、井眼清潔能力和潤(rùn)滑防卡能力,完全滿足了冀東地區(qū)垂深小于3000m的水平井鉆井需要。21聚磺硅氟乳化原油鉆井液適合冀東油田淺層水平井和中深水平井鉆井施工要求,但體系中必須有足夠含量的磺化處理劑,才能獲得良好的泥餅質(zhì)量和攜砂效果。31鉆進(jìn)過(guò)程中堅(jiān)持邊鉆進(jìn)邊劃眼、短程起下鉆,可減輕液柱壓力,預(yù)防淺層漏失,降低含砂量,改善泥餅質(zhì)量,清潔井眼,防止形成巖屑床,確保正常鉆進(jìn),防止壓差卡鉆,提高潤(rùn)滑性和油層保護(hù)效果。(收稿日期2005202202;HGF=054A9;編輯炳芹)FLHTHPMB

15、T摩阻系數(shù)0.回收率%滲透率恢復(fù)值/%g/L55604547備注第一分支第二分支Vol.22,No.4ABSTRACT87aneffectivemethod.Thisarticlediscussesthemechanism,selectmaterial,indoortestingresultofmicro2electrodeo*idation2reductionandtheparisonwithothertreatingways.Itshowsthatfortreatingseri2ouspollution,highmineralization,highcontentoforganicpoun

16、dindiscardeddrillingfluidandsew2age,concretesedimentationandmicroelectrodeo*idation2reductioniseasytoperformandcostsless.Thismethodcouldbeusedtodealwithothersewageinoilfieldsuchasreturnliquidafterfracturingandwork2overfluid.Keywords:wastefluid,microelectrode,o*idation2reduction,o*idation,adsorption,

17、COD,pollutionFirstAuthorsAddress:StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandE*ploitation,South2westPetroleumInstitute,Chengdu,SichuanDevelopmentandapplicationofmud2gasseparatorHYQF1.622DFCF,2005,22(4):5859Authors:MAZhi,G2DOUAbstract:To2drillingrigsinChina,amud2gasseparatorHYQF1.6/6224/2402Wwas,

18、whichisatwo2phaseseparatorbasedonForcedGravitySeparationTheory.Intheseparator,efficiencyofthebaffledemisterishighandthescrewnetdefoamerremovesfineliquiddropsthoroughly.Thismud2gasseparatorisahorizontalseparatorwithajackingbasement.Ithaslargevolume,hugeliquid2gastreatingvolume,highworkingpressureandi

19、tisfeasibleforonshoreandoffshoredrilling.Forusingincoldweather,heatingisprovidedinthetank,eitherbygasheatingorwaterheating.Theliquidseparatedflowsintothecirculatingtanktobereused,andthepoisonousgasisdrainedoutoftherigsite.Thefirelighterworksautomatically,makingtheseparatorbenefitforenvironmentprotec

20、2ting.TheHYQF1.6/6224/2402Wseparatorhasnoflawse*istinginpresentseparators;satisfyingrequire2mentsoftreatinggascutdrillingfluids.Keywords:liquid2gasseparatorfordrillingfluid,liquid2gasdisposal,liquid2gasseparatorFirstAuthorsAddress:LangfangHua*ingEnergyEquipmentsFactorofPCHuabeiPetroleum,Lang2fang,He

21、beiNewdevelopmentofdrillingfluidtechnologyin2004abroad.DFCF,2005,22(4):6071Authors:ZHAOZhong2ju,*UTong2taiandLUShu2qinAbstract:Drillingfluiddevelopedfastin2004internationally,severalnewdrillingfluidsfocusedonholestabilization,shaleswellinginhibitionandformationdamagepreventionappeared,whichincluding

22、novelalphorndrillingfluid,designermud,heavylowsolidsoil2basedrillingfluid,magicmudandformatedrill2ingfluid.Also,newtheory,newmaterialandnewadditiveswereused,makingdrillingfluidtechnologywentforwardfurther.BJcarriedoutresearchonchemicalcharacteristicsofformateindownholeenviron2ment,anditspropertyatHT

23、HPwellswasillustrated.Atthesametime,anewweightingmaterial2man2ganesetetro*idewaspresented,alsothedrillingfluidpreparedwithit.Attheaspectofformationdamage,thenewestmechanismproposedbySudiArameincludesdamagecausedbyscaling,mudacidacidizingandadditiveswaterblocking.Anewmethodforevaluatingformationdamag

24、ebydrillingfluidwasputfor2ward.Basedonlabe*periments,drill2influidforlowpressureoillayer,pletionfluidandlightoil2basedrillingfluidasperforatingfluidwerepresented.Keywords:drillingfluidtechnology,drillingfluidproperty,formationdamage,evaluationmethod,over2viewFirstAuthorsAddress:PetroChinaEconomics&I

25、nformationResearchCenter,Beijing.DrillingfluidtechnologyforhorizontalwellsinJidongoilfield.DFCF,2005,22(4):7273Authors:DENGZeng2ku,ZUOHong2guo,*IAJing2gang,YANGWen2quan,ZHAOZeng2chunandJIANGPing88DRILLINGFLUID&PLETIONFLUIDJul.2005Abstract:Basedonrequirementsofdrillinghorizontalwellsandformationchara

26、cteristics,polysulfonatesilicofluoricdrillingfluidwasusedindirectionalsectionandhorizontalsectioninJidongoilfield,andtech2nicalmeasuressuchasstrongencapsulating,stronginhibitingandstrongsealingweretaken.Inthisfluid,PMHAandJGYJwereusedtogethertoimprovethefluidabilitytoinhibitmud2shalehydratinganddisp

27、er2sing;GT298,KJ21andNPANwereemployedtogethertoreducetheHPHTfiltrationandimprovethemudcakequality;QSAM2K,YL21andJGWJwerebinedtoincreasethefluidsealingability;MMHwasusedtoimprovecuttingstransportationcapacity.Inaddition,ultra2finecalciumcarbonateofdifferentsizeandasphaltmaterialswithsoftpointsmatchin

28、gwithoilformationwereusedtosealporesinoillayer,tryingtoavoiddamagecausedbyliquidsandsolids.In2situapplicationshowedthatdrillingfluidpro2videdstrongcollapseprevention,holecleaningandProblemsofholecavinginupperformationandhorizontalsection()andlubricationinlargeanglesectionand,unconsolidatedsand,werea

29、d2dressed.,whichtodepthlessthan3000minJidongoilfield.Keywords:fluid,horizontalwell,holecleaning,holestability,forma2tiondamage,JidongFirstAuthorsAddress:NO.3DrillingEngineeringpanyofPCHuabeiPetroleum,Renqiu,HebeiCementingtechnologyforgasstoragewellsinDagangoilfield.DFCF,2005,22(4):7477Authors:ZHAOFu

30、2*iang,ZHOUJian,WANGSan2*i,ZHANGHai2taoandYAOWen2bangAbstract:paringwithconventionalgaswell,thelifeofgasstoragewellisrequiredtobelonger,whiletheworkconditionismorechallengingandtheformationprotectionisinhighlevel.Incementinggasstor2agewellsinDagangoilfield,characteristicsoflowformationpressurecoeffi

31、cient,longcementingintervale*ists.Forgaschannelingiseasytooccurincementslurry,itisdifficulttodesigngoodslurry.There2fore,labstudyoncementslurryandcorrespondingoperationpreparationweremade.Asaresult,double2densitytwo2stagecementslurrywasselected,andrelativemeasuresweretaken.Inthispaper,177.8mmcasings

32、inKu3211wellinDagangoilfieldwastakenasane*ampletoillustratetheusingofthisfluidandthemeasures.Operationofthistechnologyin10wellsresultsine*cellentcementingqualityupto90%.Keywords:cementingjob,cementslurry,longintervalcementing,gasstoragewellFirstAuthorsAddress:DrillingTechnologyResearchInst.ofPCHuabeiPetroleum,Renqiu,HebeiCementingtechnologyforhorizontalwellsinHadeoilfield.DFCF,2005,22(4):7880Authors:LIJian2chen