[英語學(xué)習(xí)]英漢互譯實(shí)踐與技巧課件

1、翻譯訓(xùn)練PROVERBS IN LATIN AMERICAN TALKProverbs are the popular sayings that brighten so much Latin American talk, the boiled-down wisdom that you are as apt to hear from professors as from peasants, from beggars as from elegantes. Brief and colorful, they more often than not carry a sting.拉美日常會(huì)話中的諺語諺語人

2、人都喜歡說，拉美日常會(huì)話中有了諺語會(huì)增色不少。從形形色色的人嘴里你都可以聽到諺語這一智慧的結(jié)晶 雅至大學(xué)的教授，俗至種田的村夫，窮至討飯的乞丐，潮至摩登的女郎。諺語簡單明了，豐富多彩，常常還很尖銳。When a neighbors dismally unattractive daughter announced her engagement, lmelda remarked, You know what they say, Senora: Theres no pot so ugly it cant find a lid. And when her son-in-law blustered ab

3、out how he was going to get even with the boss who had docked his pay, lmelda fixed him with a cold eye and said, Little fish does not eat big fish. 聽說鄰居的一個(gè)長相難看的要命的女兒宣告訂婚了，伊美達(dá)說，“你知道常言是怎么說的嗎，夫人，罐子再丑也不愁找不到蓋子。” 當(dāng)他的女婿炸炸呼呼地說要找老板算賬，他竟然克扣他的工錢，伊美達(dá)冷冷地看了他一眼說，“胳膊扭不過大腿?！監(jiān)ne afternoon I heard lmelda and her daug

4、hter arguing in the kitchen. Her daughter had quarrelled with her husbands parents, and lmelda was insisting that she apologize to them. Her daughter objected. But, Mama, I just cant swallow them, not even with honey. They talk so big until we need something; then theyre too poor. So today when they

5、 wouldnt even lend enough to pay for a new bed, all I did was say something that Ive heard you say a hundred times: If so grand, why so poor? If so poor, why so grand? 一天下午我聽見伊美達(dá)在廚房教訓(xùn)女兒。她女兒跟公公婆婆吵了架，伊美達(dá)堅(jiān)持要女兒回去跟公公婆婆道歉，可是女兒不從?！爸皇?，媽媽，我咽不下這口氣，拌蜂蜜咽都咽不下。平時(shí)他們他們說大話，真要他們用錢時(shí)卻窮得不得了。所以今天向他們借錢買張新床他們都不借時(shí)，我就說了句聽你說過

6、一百遍的話，“既然這么闊氣，何必叫窮？既然這么窮酸，何必?cái)[闊？”Impertinent! snorted lmelda. Have I not also taught you, What the tongue says, the neck pays for? I will not have it said that I could never teach my daughter proper respect for her elders. And before you go to beg their pardon, change those trousers for a dress. You

7、know how your mother-in-law feels about pants on a woman. She always says, What was hatched a hen must not try to be a rooster! “放肆！” 伊美達(dá)板起臉說，“在家里我不是教過你禍從口出嗎？我不想讓人指著我的脊梁骨說，我沒教好自己的女兒尊重長輩。在你回去請求他們原諒之前，把身上的褲子換成裙子。你知道你的婆婆最看不慣女人穿褲子。她總是說，孵出來的時(shí)候是母雞，就不要充公雞！”Her daughter made one more try. But Mama, you ofte

8、n say, If the saint is annoyed, dont pray to him until he gets over it. Cant I leave it for tomorrow? No, no and no! Remember: If the dose is nasty, swallow it fast. You know, my child, you did wrong. But, A gift is the key to open the door closed against you. I have a cake in the oven that I was ma

9、king for the Senoras dinner. I will explain to the Senora. Now, dear, hurry home and make yourself pretty in your pink dress. By the time you get back, I will have the cake ready for you to take to your mother-in-law. She will be so pleased that she may make your father-in-law pay for the bed. Remem

10、ber: One hand washes the other, but together they wash the face.她女兒還是不甘心?！皨寢屇悴皇浅Ｕf，如果菩薩生了氣，就等他消了氣再向他祈禱，道歉的事我明天再說不行嗎？” “不行不行，絕對不行。你要記住：藥不好吃更要快吃。要知道，閨女呀，是你做得不對。大門關(guān)得緊，不擋送禮人。我在烤箱里烤了一塊蛋糕，本來是烤給夫人做晚餐的。晚上我給夫人說一下。現(xiàn)在，親愛的，快點(diǎn)回去，打扮漂亮點(diǎn)，換上你那條粉紅色的裙子。等你回來，我的蛋糕就烤好了，給你婆婆帶去。說不定她一高興，會(huì)讓你公公把床錢出了。記得一句話：你敬我一尺，我敬你一丈，家庭生活才能幸福又

11、興旺。Unit 1 IntroductionWhat Is Translation?Translation is a rendering（轉(zhuǎn)化） from one language into another, i. e. , the faithful representation（再現(xiàn)） in one language of what is written or said in another language.什么叫翻譯？翻譯就是把一種語言的內(nèi)容轉(zhuǎn)化成另一種語言的同一內(nèi)容，也就是說，翻譯就是在一種語言中忠實(shí)地再現(xiàn)在另外一種語言中所寫或者所述的內(nèi)容。What Is Translation?Tr

12、anslation is a rendering（轉(zhuǎn)化） from one language into another, i. e. , the faithful representation in one language of what is written or said in another language.什么叫翻譯？翻譯就是把一種語言的內(nèi)容轉(zhuǎn)化成另一種語言的同一內(nèi)容，也就是說，翻譯就是在一種語言中忠實(shí)地轉(zhuǎn)寫或者轉(zhuǎn)述在另外一種語言中所寫或者所述的內(nèi)容。1_2_3_翻譯的簡略軌跡As a means of communication, translation plays an imp

13、ortant role in human civilization. In the West, literary translation (文學(xué)翻譯)can be traced back to 300 BC, while in China, recorded translation activities are even earlier, dating from the Zhou Dynasty (1100 BC). However, not until recent centuries, especially by the end of the 19th century did system

14、atic study of translation get under way. In the past decades translation theories and activities have developed fast both at home and abroad.作為一種交流手段，翻譯在人類文明發(fā)展中起著重要的作用。在西方，文學(xué)翻譯可以追溯到公元前300年；而在中國，歷史上有記載的翻譯活動(dòng)發(fā)生的更早，可以追溯到周朝（公元前1100年）。然而對翻譯進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)的研究，還只是近幾個(gè)世紀(jì)，尤其是十九世紀(jì)末，才開始的事情。在過去幾十年中，翻譯理論和實(shí)踐在國內(nèi)國外發(fā)展都很快。翻譯的簡略軌跡

15、As a means of communication, translation plays an important role in human civilization. In the West, literary translation (文學(xué)翻譯)can be traced back to 300 BC, while in China, recorded translation activities are even earlier, dating from the Zhou Dynasty (1100 BC). However, not until recent centuries,

16、 especially by the end of the 19th century did systematic study of translation get under way. In the past decades translation theories and activities have developed fast both at home and abroad.作為一種交流手段，翻譯在人類文明發(fā)展中起著重要的作用。在西方，文學(xué)翻譯可以追溯到公元前300年；而在中國，歷史上有記載的翻譯活動(dòng)發(fā)生的更早，可以追溯到周朝（公元前1100年）。然而對翻譯進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)的研究，還只是近幾

17、個(gè)世紀(jì)，尤其是十九世紀(jì)末，才開始的事情。在過去幾十年中，翻譯理論和實(shí)踐在國內(nèi)國外發(fā)展都很快。1_2_3_好翻譯的功用A modern society sees an extensive use of translation on various occasions. If a foreign language is generally accepted as a tool of life, translation then obviously serves as a dynamic means of employing this tool. A proper and dexterous tra

18、nslation helps to promote mutual understanding between peoples of different cultural and social backgrounds.翻譯在現(xiàn)代社會(huì)的各個(gè)方面應(yīng)用廣泛。如果外語作為人生的一種工具已成為大眾的共識的話，那么翻譯顯然是大力利用這種工具的一個(gè)領(lǐng)域。貼切而靈活的翻譯能夠促進(jìn)不同社會(huì)文化背景的人之間的了解。好翻譯的功用A modern society sees an extensive use of translation on various occasions. If a foreign languag

19、e is generally accepted as a tool of life, translation then obviously serves as a dynamic means of employing this tool. A proper and dexterous translation helps to promote mutual understanding between peoples of different cultural and social backgrounds.翻譯在現(xiàn)代社會(huì)的各個(gè)方面應(yīng)用廣泛。如果外語作為人生的一種工具已成為大眾的共識的話，那么翻譯顯

20、然是大力利用這種工具的一個(gè)領(lǐng)域。貼切而靈活的翻譯能夠促進(jìn)不同社會(huì)文化背景的人之間的了解。1_2_3_4_不足的翻譯的缺憾A misunderstanding or improper rendering of words or expressions may lead to confusion. Take the familiar word “menu” for example. Its original meaning is “a list of dishes in a meal or to be ordered as separated meals, esp. in a restaurant

21、”, and the Chinese equivalent seems to be clear: “菜單”. However, when used in computer science, “menu” no longer carries the original meaning. Instead, the meaning shifts to “a list shown on the display of a computer from which a user can select the operation the computer is to perform”. Evidently th

22、e Chinese counterpart should be something like “選項(xiàng)，項(xiàng)目單”, It is a pity that the initial translator neglected this definition, and as a result, the Chinese translation of this very popular term of computer science fails to convey its true meaningthe translated term “菜單“ sounds incongruous with its act

23、ual content. 對單詞或者詞組的誤解誤譯可能導(dǎo)致讀者迷茫。就拿我們熟悉的menu為例。它原來的意思就是在一頓飯里面能夠吃到的各種菜肴的列單，或者是可以點(diǎn)叫的不同盒飯的列單，尤其指在餐館里” 。然而menu用在計(jì)算機(jī)領(lǐng)域的時(shí)候就失去了原義，轉(zhuǎn)義為“屏幕上顯示出的一組命令選項(xiàng)，用戶可以從中選取任何一項(xiàng)命令讓計(jì)算機(jī)執(zhí)行”。顯然中文中的對應(yīng)詞本應(yīng)該是“選項(xiàng)，項(xiàng)目單”什么的。遺憾的是，最初的譯者忽略了這一定義，結(jié)果使得menu這個(gè)計(jì)算機(jī)領(lǐng)域中普遍使用的術(shù)語的中文譯名沒能夠傳達(dá)出它真正的含義。Menu所譯成的“菜單”聽上去與計(jì)算機(jī)領(lǐng)域的實(shí)際內(nèi)容很是不搭。A misunderstanding or

24、 improper rendering of words or expressions may lead to confusion. Take the familiar word “menu” for example. Its original meaning is “a list of dishes in a meal or to be ordered as separated meals, esp. in a restaurant”, and the Chinese equivalent seems to be clear: “菜單”. However, when used in comp

25、uter science, “menu” no longer carries the original meaning. Instead, the meaning shifts to “a list shown on the display of a computer from which a user can select the operation the computer is to perform”. Evidently the Chinese counterpart should be something like “選項(xiàng)，項(xiàng)目單”, It is a pity that the in

26、itial translator neglected this definition, and as a result, the Chinese translation of this very popular term of computer science fails to convey its true meaningthe translated term “菜單“ sounds incongruous with its actual content. 1_2_3_4_5_6_7_So is the rendering of “ Renaissance” commonly known a

27、s ”文藝復(fù)興“ in Chinese, although we know today that the movement extended far beyond literature and art circles (文藝界)，and the connotation（外延意義） of “Renaissance” is much more profound than that of the Chinese term ”文藝復(fù)興“. The same fallacies（類似的蹩腳翻譯）also occur in Chinese-English translation. For example,

28、 a popular Chinese lipstick with the trademark “芳芳” when transliterated into English as “Fangfang”, creates a hideous image（猙獰的形象） the English word “fang” happens to have two disagreeable（使人產(chǎn)生反感的） definitions; a. a long, sharp tooth of a dog; b. a snakes poisonous tooth. Consequently, this awkward t

29、ransliteration gave rise to a disastrous failure of overseas trade. Similar translation blunders are not unusual in social or economic activities in our country. To name a few, translating “五講四美、三熱愛“ into “five stresses, four beauties and three loves”, “抓緊施肥” into “grasp manure”, “街道婦女 into street w

30、omen, “白酒 into white wine. Had the translators had sufficient translation knowledge, such blunders would have been avoidable. So is the rendering of “ Renaissance” commonly known as ”文藝復(fù)興“ in Chinese, although we know today that the movement extended far beyond literature and art circles (文藝界)，and t

31、he connotation（外延意義） of “Renaissance” is much more profound than that of the Chinese term ”文藝復(fù)興“. The same fallacies（拙譯）also occur in Chinese-English translation. For example, a popular Chinese lipstick with the trademark “芳芳” when transliterated into English as “Fangfang”, creates a hideous image（猙

32、獰的形象） the English word “fang” happens to have two disagreeable（使人產(chǎn)生反感的） definitions; a. a long, sharp tooth of a dog; b. a snakes poisonous tooth. Consequently, this awkward transliteration gave rise to a disastrous failure of overseas trade. Similar translation blunders are not unusual in social or

33、 economic activities in our country. To name a few, translating “五講四美、三熱愛“ into “five stresses, four beauties and three loves”, “抓緊施肥” into “grasp manure”, “街道婦女 into street women, “白酒 into white wine. Had the translators had sufficient translation knowledge, such blunders would have been avoidable.

34、 1_2_3_4_5_6_7_8_五講：“講文明、講禮貌、講衛(wèi)生、講秩序、講道德”；四美：“心靈美、語言美、行為美、 環(huán)境美”；三熱愛：“熱愛祖國、熱愛社會(huì)主義、熱愛中國共產(chǎn)黨”；五講四美三熱愛the movement of “five stress, four points of beauty and three loves“ (The five stresses are: stress on decorum ,manners , hygiene, discipline and morals. The four points are: beauty of the mind ,language

35、, behavior and the environment . The three loves are: love of the motherland, socialism and the Communist Party)抓緊施肥 lose no time in fertilizer application 街道婦女 housewives of the neighborhoodI. Nature and Scope of TranslationWhat is translation? Some people believe it is a science, others take it as

36、 an art; and yet many consider it a craft, or rather, a skill.Of these varied opinions, which one holds true for our purpose（符合我們的要求）? The answer depends on how we understand or interpret the word translation, for the very word translation itself is ambiguous, and the Chinese equivalent fanyi sounds

37、 even fuzzier. Fanyi, in Chinese, may either stand for a subject of the curriculum, a job people engage in, a piece of literary work, or the translating or interpreting work itself. Sometimes, fanyimay even refer to the translator or interpreter himself/herself.I. Nature and Scope of TranslationWhat

38、 is translation? Some people believe it is a science, others take it as an art; and yet many consider it a craft, or rather, a skill.Of these varied opinions, which one holds true for our purpose? The answer depends on how we understand or interpret the word translation, for the very word translatio

39、n itself is ambiguous, and the Chinese equivalent fanyi sounds even fuzzier. Fanyi, in Chinese, may either stand for a subject of the curriculum, a job people engage in, a piece of literary work, or the translating or interpreting work itself. Sometimes, fanyimay even refer to the translator or inte

40、rpreter himself/herself.1_2_3_4_5_6_8_9_If the word “translation” refers to a subject, namely, the study of translation theory and skills, it is no doubt a science, just as any subject is, with its own rules, laws and principles for the translators to abide by; however, if it refers to some specific

41、 pieces of translation, then it is more like an art, with each piecemanifesting its own charms and style in the creative hands of the translator; whereas, if it refers to a process, in which something is translated, then we may regard it as a craft or skill. For unlike any branch of natural science,

42、 the process of translation has its peculiarity, and none of its rules and principles are universally applicable. Besides, it entails a lot of practiceparticular craftsmanship（翻譯水平）and skills are displayed by the touches（譯筆）of different translators.If the word translation refers to a subject, namely

43、, the study of translation theory and skills, it is no doubt a science, just as any subject is, with its own rules, laws and principles for the translators to abide by; however, if it refers to some specific pieces of translation, then it is more like an art, with each piecemanifesting its own charm

44、s and style in the creative hands of the translator; whereas, if it refers to a process, in which something is translated, then we may regard it as a craft or skill. For unlike any branch of natural science, the process of translation has its peculiarity, and none of its rules and principles are uni

45、versally applicable. Besides, it entails a lot of practiceparticular craftsmanship and skills are displayed by the touches of different translators.1_2_3_4_5_6_Translation covers a very broad range. In terms of languages(按語言分), it can be divided into two categories: from native languages into foreig

46、n languages and vice versa ；in terms of the mode (翻譯方式), it can be divided into oral interpretation, written translation and machine translation；in terms of materials to be translated , there is translation of scientific materials. translation of literary works such as novels, stories, prose, poetry

47、, drama, etc. , translation of political essays such as treatises on social problems, reports, speeches, etc. , and translation of practical writing (as official documents, contracts and agreements, notices, receipts, etc.); in terms of disposal（處置方式）, it can be either full-text translation (全文翻譯),

48、abridged translation (摘譯) or adapted translation(編譯). Translation covers a very broad range. In terms of languages, it can be divided into two categories: from native languages into foreign languages and vice versa ；in terms of the mode, it can be divided into oral interpretation, written translatio

49、n and machine translation；in terms of materials to be translated , there is translation of scientific materials. translation of literary works such as novels, stories, prose, poetry, drama, etc. , translation of political essays such as treatises on social problems, reports, speeches, etc. , and tra

50、nslation of practical writing (as official documents, contracts and agreements, notices, receipts, etc.); in terms of disposal, it can be either full-text translation (全文翻譯), abridged translation (摘譯) or adapted translation(編譯). 1_2_3_4_II. Principles or Criteria of TranslationThe so-called principl

51、es and criteria of translation are actually the two sides of the same thing. The former lays emphasison the translator, who should follow them while translating;while the latter on the reader or critic, who may use the criteria to evaluate translation works. Whenever principles or criteria of transl

52、ation are under discussion in China, Yan Fu(嚴(yán)復(fù))s “three-character guide” , which was first proposed in 1898, would evoke controversy, namely, the principle of “信達(dá)雅” (faithfulness expressiveness and elegance ).In the past decades Mr. Yans principle of translation hasbeen generally regarded as a plumb

53、-line（準(zhǔn)繩）for measuring the professional level of translation and a goal for translators to strive after. However, in the application of this principle, people have come to find some limitations to the three characters and put forward a variety of new standards instead.II. Principles or Criteria of T

54、ranslationThe so-called principles and criteria of translation are actually the two sides of the same thing. The former lays emphasison the translator, who should follow them while translating;while the latter on the reader or critic, who may use the criteria to evaluate translation works. Whenever

55、principles or criteria of translation are under discussion in China, Yan Fu(嚴(yán)復(fù))s “three-character guide” , which was first proposed in 1898, would evoke controversy, namely, the principle of “信達(dá)雅” (faithfulness expressiveness and elegance ).In the past decades Mr. Yans principle of translation hasbe

56、en generally regarded as a plumb-line（準(zhǔn)繩）for measuring the professional level of translation and a goal for translators to strive after. However, in the application of this principle, people have come to find some limitations to the three characters and put forward a variety of new standards instead

57、.1_2_3_4_5_6_7_Three kinds of opinions are expressed on the principle of faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance. The first group（類）maintains the original three characters, and in the meantime, adds some new concepts（新義）to the character “雅”. According lo them, “雅” means far more than the English w

58、ord “elegance”. Apart from the traditional interpretation, it also means classicism（原汁原味）, the adherence to（緊扣）the original style and flavor. The second group, however, argues that the word “ 雅 ” is out of place （不妥）in translation. While adopting the first two characters of Mr. Yan Fus principle, it

59、 discards the character “雅” and tries to find some other new criteria instead. Noticeably（比較突出地）, there are revisions such as “信達(dá)切” (faithfulness, expressiveness and closeness), “ 信達(dá)貼” (faithfulness, expressiveness and fitness), and so on. The third group of people, by casting away the three-word gu

60、ide, propose some new principles or criteria of translation of their own. Of the various popular theories two of them are most influential; spiritual conformity (神似) and sublimed adaptation (化境). The former, proposed by Fu Lei (傅雷), emphasizes the reproduction of the spirit or the flavor of the orig