合同文本翻譯參考

1、合同文本翻譯合同文本翻譯7/7合同文本翻譯TIME. The parties agree that specify, e.g., time is of the essence or timely performance of this Agreement is important, provided that if a party fails to perform on time, the parties will strive to renegotiate the terms.時間。雙方同意時間是本質(zhì)或及時履行本協(xié)議是很重要的，如果一方不能遵守時間，雙方將進(jìn)行條款重新談判。CONDITION

2、S PERCEDENT. This Agreement is subject to specify, e.g., the issuance of an import license to the Buyer by the appropriate agency of (country) government and the issuance of an export license to the Seller by the appropriate agency of (country) government.先決條件。此協(xié)議服從于 如：有關(guān)（國家）政府給買方頒發(fā)的進(jìn)口許可證和有關(guān)（國家）政府給賣

3、方頒發(fā)的出口許可證.解釋：先決條件（precondition）普遍采用于英文合同版本當(dāng)中，我國日常合同當(dāng)中采用的不多。這可能是源于我國合同法并無明確規(guī)定先決條件條款，而是采取同時履行抗辯權(quán)、不安抗辯權(quán)和先履行抗辯權(quán)“三國鼎立”，因此實(shí)踐當(dāng)中制定先決條件條款的并不多見。其實(shí)，先決條件的法律性質(zhì)含義較廣、較靈活，根據(jù)它設(shè)計(jì)的內(nèi)容不同，既可以單指同時履行抗辯權(quán)、不安抗辯權(quán)和先履行抗辯權(quán)三種權(quán)利其中之一，也可能包括了二者或全部。由于先決條件是指僅當(dāng)特定的條件成就后，合同一方才履行特定行為如交割、付款等。這個條款通常用作保護(hù)處于優(yōu)勢地位一方明確己方的權(quán)利和對方義務(wù)關(guān)系時候使用。具體作用有二：一是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，約

4、定明確的判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，作為一方承擔(dān)義務(wù)和另一方行使權(quán)利的依據(jù)；二是保護(hù)，即保護(hù)一方當(dāng)事人尤其是優(yōu)勢方當(dāng)事人的合同利益，免受另一方拒不履行或遲延履行而帶來的損害。相關(guān)舉例：Afterfriendlyconsultationsconductedinaccordancewiththeprinciplesofequalityandmutualbenefit,thePartieshaveagreedtodescribesubjectmatteroftheContractinaccordancewithApplicablelawsandtheprovisionsofthisContract.雙方本著平等互利的

5、原則，經(jīng)友好協(xié)商，依照相關(guān)法律名稱以及其他有關(guān)法律，同意按照本合同的條款，描述合同標(biāo)的。RIGHT TO CANCEL. The Buyer has a right to cancel this Agreement if the Seller fails specify, e.g., to ship all or any of the Goods on time. The Seller has a right to cancel this Agreement if the Buyer fails specify, e.g., to make any payment required by th

6、is Agreement within (number) days of its due date. If either party notifies the other party that it will not or is unable, to perform this Agreement, the party receiving notice is entitled to cancel the Agreement. To make the cancellation effective, the party seeking to cancel must give notice to th

7、e other party that the Agreement is deemed canceled. The date of the cancellation will be the date on which the party receives the notice of nonperformance. 撤銷的權(quán)利。如果賣方不能準(zhǔn)時裝運(yùn)貨物，買方有權(quán)撤銷協(xié)議。如果買方不能在幾天內(nèi)付款，賣方有權(quán)撤銷協(xié)議。如果任何一方通知另一方不想或不能履行協(xié)議，接到通知的一方有權(quán)撤消合同。為了使撤銷有效，撤銷的一方應(yīng)通知另一方協(xié)議已撤銷。撤銷的日期是收到不履行協(xié)議通知的日期。撤消的日期是收到不履行協(xié)議通

8、知的日期。FORCE MAJEURE. This agreement will be deemed canceled, and neither party will have any liability to the other for losses resulting from nonperformance, if delivery is prevented by causes beyond the control of the Seller. Such causes include, but are not limited to, acts of nature, labor dispute

9、s, failure of essential means of transportation, or changes in policy with respect to exports or imports by the country government or the country government. 不可抗力。如果由于天災(zāi)、勞資糾紛、缺乏基本的運(yùn)輸方式、政府進(jìn)出口政策的變化及其它賣方無力控制的原因所造成的無法交貨，協(xié)議被撤銷，任何一方無需為不履行協(xié)議承擔(dān)責(zé)任。解釋：不可抗力條款是指合同中訂明如當(dāng)事人一方因不可抗力不能履行合同的全部或部分義務(wù)的，免除其全部或部分的責(zé)任。另一方當(dāng)事人

10、不得對此要求損害賠償。因此，不可抗力條款是一種免責(zé)條款。不可抗力條款是規(guī)定在合同訂立后發(fā)生當(dāng)事人在訂合同時不能預(yù)見、不能避免、不可控制的意外事故，以致不能履行合同或不能如期履行合同時，遭受不可抗力的一方可以免除履行合同的責(zé)任的條款。這里補(bǔ)充說明不可抗力的法律后果與結(jié)果：依1980年聯(lián)合國國際貨物銷售合同公約的規(guī)定，遭受不可抗力的一方可解除合同或延遲履行而不承擔(dān)責(zé)任。只有在不可抗力因素與當(dāng)事人的過失同時存在的情況下，當(dāng)事人才承擔(dān)相應(yīng)的賠償責(zé)任。遭受不可抗力后合同的結(jié)果主要為下列：解除合同。一般來說，如果不可抗力事故使合同的履行成為不可能，則可解除合同。如在買賣特種糧食的交易中，該特種糧食的產(chǎn)地因

11、水災(zāi)而失收，在這種情況下，可以解除合同。延遲履行。如不可抗力只是暫時阻礙合同的履行，則只能延遲履行。例如，由于不可抗力使交通受阻，可能延遲履行，等通車后再履行。不可抗力條款的表述方法還有：The Sellers shall not be held responsible for late delivery or nondelivery of the goods owing to the generally recognized “Force Majeure” causes. However, in such cases, the Sellers shall telegraph the Buye

12、rs a certificate of the occurrence issued by the government authorities or the Chamber of Commerce at the place where the accident occurs as evidence thereof.因公認(rèn)的不可抗力造成的延遲發(fā)貨或不能發(fā)貨，賣方不承擔(dān)責(zé)任。但此種情況下，賣方應(yīng)通過電報(bào)形式寄送買方事故發(fā)生地政府部門或商會頒發(fā)的事故發(fā)生證明作為所發(fā)生事件的證據(jù)。Neither seller nor buyer shall be liable in damages or otherw

13、ise for any failure or delay in performance of any obligation hereunder other than obligation to make payment, where such failure or delays is caused by force majeure, being any event, occurrence of circumstance reasonably beyond the contral of that party, including without prejudice to the generali

14、ty of the foregoing, failure or delay caused by or resulting from acts of god, strikes, fires, floods destruction of the material, delays of carriers due to breakdown or adverse weather, perils of the sea, embargoes, accidents, restrictions imposed by any governmental authority (including allocation

15、s, priorities, requisitions, quotas and price controls). 買賣雙方除履行付款義務(wù)外，因以下事由造成買賣任一方無法履行合同規(guī)定的義務(wù)或履行延誤的，買賣任一方均不對此承擔(dān)任何責(zé)任，事由具體內(nèi)容如下：因不可抗力所致超出買賣任一方力合理控制范圍內(nèi)的不可抗力事件，不可抗力發(fā)生，及出現(xiàn)的不可抗力情況，包括不影響前述事由的一般情況；天災(zāi)，罷工，火災(zāi)，洪水，材料損毀；事故，惡劣天氣所致無法履行義務(wù)或造成義務(wù)履行延誤；海難，禁運(yùn)，事故，政府當(dāng)局公布的限制規(guī)定(包括配給，優(yōu)先事項(xiàng)，征用，報(bào)價和價格控制等等)造成義務(wù)無法履行或義務(wù)履行延誤。Any event

16、or circumstance beyond control shall be regarded as Force Majeure but not restricted to fire, wind, flood, earthquake, explosion, rebellion, epidemic, quarantine and segregation. In case either party that encounters Force Majeure fails to fulfill the obligation under the contract, the other party sh

17、ould extend the performance time by period equal to the time that Fore Majeure will last. 如果遭遇無法控制的時間或情況應(yīng)視為不可抗力，但不限于火災(zāi)、風(fēng)災(zāi)、水災(zāi)、地震、爆炸、叛亂、傳染、檢疫、隔離。如要是不可抗力一方不能履行合同規(guī)定下義務(wù)，另一方應(yīng)將履行合同的時間延長，所延長的時間應(yīng)于不可抗力事件的時間相等。If the Force Majeure last over 6 months, the two parties of the contract should settle the case of co

18、ntinuing the contract by friendly negotiation as soon as possible. Should the two parties fail to reach an agreement will be settled by arbitration according to Clause 12 of the contract thereof.如果不可抗力持續(xù)6個月以上，合同雙方應(yīng)盡快通過友好協(xié)商的方式調(diào)整繼續(xù)履行合同事宜。如果雙方不能達(dá)成協(xié)議，則根據(jù)合同中第12條款通過仲裁決定。LIQUIDATED DAMAGES. Each party unde

19、rstands that a breach of this Agreement will cause the nonbreaching party damages that will be difficult to calculate in terms of sales, markets, and goodwill lost. It is agreed that the parties have considered what would be a reasonable estimate of the damages each would suffer if the other were to

20、 breach this Agreement. If the Seller cannot deliver the Goods for any reason other than by fault of the Buyer, the Seller will pay to the buyer as liquidated damages the sum of currency and amount. If the Buyer fails to furnish shipping instructions, wrongfully refuses to accept the Goods, or fails

21、 to pay the amount due on time, the Buyer will pay to the Seller as liquidated damages the sum of currency and amount. If the Buyer infringes the Sellers Intellectual Property, the Buyer will pay to the Seller as liquidated damages the sum of currency and amount for each day of continued use. Paymen

22、t of liquidated damages will not, in any way, affect the Sellers rights to enjoin the Buyers continued use of the Sellers Intellectual Property. 違約賠償金。雙方理解違反協(xié)議將導(dǎo)致未違約一方的損失，就所損失的銷售、市場、和商譽(yù)而言未違約方的損失是很難計(jì)算的。如一方違約，就另一方所遭受的損失的合理的估計(jì)，各方已達(dá)成一致。如果賣方不能交貨是由于除買方錯誤之外的其它原因，賣方將向賣方支付總計(jì)幣種和金額的賠償金。如果買方未能提供裝運(yùn)指示，錯誤地拒絕接收貨物，或

23、者未按時支付款項(xiàng)，買方將向賣方支付幣種和金額的賠償金。如果買方侵犯賣方的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)，買方每繼續(xù)使用一天將向賣方支付幣種和金額的賠償金。無論如何，賠償金不會阻礙買方繼續(xù)使用賣方的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)。解釋：一個完整的合同應(yīng)當(dāng)有違約責(zé)任條款，違約責(zé)任條款就有兩個作用：一、督促作用，通過違約責(zé)任的的警示作用，督促合同當(dāng)事人全面履行合同；二、彌補(bǔ)損失作用，在一方違約情況下，可以通過追究對方的違約責(zé)任，彌補(bǔ)損失。國際商務(wù)合同中違約一般不稱違約金 而是稱損害賠償。違約金條款第一不要遺漏，第二要全面，第三幅度可以高,但不要太高，因?yàn)樘邔?dǎo)致條款無效，等于讓裁判庭自己決定。一般的損害賠償方法可表述如下：(直接財(cái)產(chǎn)損失十可得

24、利益損失十減損支付的費(fèi)用)一(應(yīng)該避免的損失十避免的成本或因違約損害而獲取的收益十屬于受害方自己過錯造成的損失)=違約方應(yīng)該支付的損害賠償數(shù)額（受害方的實(shí)際損失）。違約賠償?shù)南嚓P(guān)表述還有：Party B shall, if it fails to comply with this agreement to make purchase of the goods delivered by Party A as reimbursement, or Party A shall, if it fails to comply with this agreement to deliver the goods

25、 it is due to provide, be deemed liable for a breach of agreement and shall compensate the non-breaching Party for the loss caused thereupon and shall pay the non-breaching Party a fine accounting for % of the total value of the goods in question. 乙方不按合同規(guī)定購買補(bǔ)償商品或甲方不按合同規(guī)定提供商品時，均應(yīng)按合同條款承擔(dān)違約責(zé)任，賠償由此造成的經(jīng)濟(jì)

26、損失，并向?qū)Ψ街Ц对擁?xiàng)貨款總值的_%的罰款。When there is delay in delivery of any goods, the Buyer is entitled to claim liquidated damages equal to 0.5% or such other percentage as may be agreed of the price of those goods for each complete week of delay, provided the Buyer notifies the Seller of the delay. Where the Bu

27、yer so notifies the Seller within 15 days from the agreed date of delivery, damages will run from the agreed date of delivery or from the last day within the agreed period of delivery. Where the Buyer so notifies the Seller after 15 days of the agreed date of delivery, damages will run from the date

28、 of the notice. Liquidated damages for delay shall not exceed 5% of the price of the delayed goods or such other maximum amount as may be agreed.如果發(fā)生任何貨物的遲延交付，則買方有權(quán)要求預(yù)定損害賠償，每遲延一整周，其金額為該遲交貨物價款的0.5%，或約定的其他比率，但以買方通知賣方交貨遲延為前提。買方在約定的交貨日期后15天內(nèi)照此通知賣方，則損害賠償金應(yīng)從約定的交貨日或約定的交貨期間的最后一天起算；如果買方在約定的交貨日期后超過15天才通知賣方，則損

29、害賠償金應(yīng)從通知日起算。延遲交貨的預(yù)定損害賠償金不應(yīng)超過遲交貨物價款的5%，或其他可能約定的最高數(shù)額。If either party of this Contract fails to perform its obligation as stated in this contract, other than by reason of Force Majeure as per Clause 14, The concern party shall pay 2% penalty to the other party. the penalty must be paid within 30days.若買

30、賣雙方任何一方未能履行合同條款, 除因條款第十四條款所述的不可抗力事件外, 違約方須向?qū)Ψ街Ц?%違約金.支付時間為判定為違約后30天內(nèi),ARBITRATION. Except when liquidated damages apply, if a disputed arises between the parties to this Agreement with regard to any of the provisions or the performance of any terms and conditions of this Agreement, the dispute will b

31、e settled by binding/nonbinding arbitration to be conducted in accordance with the name of arbitration rules in location. 仲裁。產(chǎn)生違約金的除外，如果協(xié)議雙方對本協(xié)議中任何規(guī)定或在履行本協(xié)議的條款和條件時產(chǎn)生糾紛，應(yīng)根據(jù)所在地的仲裁規(guī)則名稱進(jìn)行有約束力/無約束力的仲裁來解決糾紛。解釋：仲裁(Arbitration)，又稱公斷，是指買賣雙方在糾紛發(fā)生之前或發(fā)生之后，簽訂書面協(xié)議，自愿將糾紛提交雙方所同意的第三者予以裁決，以解決糾紛的一種方式。仲裁協(xié)議有兩種形式：一種是在爭議發(fā)

32、生之前訂立的，它通常作為合同中的一項(xiàng)仲裁條款出現(xiàn)；另一種是在爭議之后訂立的，它是把已經(jīng)發(fā)生的爭議提交給仲裁的協(xié)議。這兩種形式的仲裁協(xié)議，其法律效力是相同的。相關(guān)合同文本舉例：Any dispute, controversy or claim arising out of or relating to this Agreement, or the interpretation, breach, termination or validity hereof, shall be first resolved through consultation between the parties. In c

33、ase the dispute is not resolved by consultations within thirty (30) days, then any party may submit the dispute to Hong Kong International Arbitration Center for arbitration in accordance with its arbitration rules then in force at the time the dispute submitted for arbitration.若發(fā)生由本合同（或其違反、終止或無效）引起

34、或與之相關(guān)的任何爭議、糾紛或者索賠，雙方應(yīng)首先爭取通過友好協(xié)商來解決爭議。雙方未能在30天內(nèi)通過協(xié)商達(dá)成解決方案，則任何一方可將該爭議提交香港國際仲裁中心并適用該仲裁機(jī)構(gòu)的仲裁規(guī)則進(jìn)行仲裁。In any dispute with regard of the contract, both parties should pursue a solution by friendly negotiation. If no settlement can be reached through negotiation, the case should be submitted to China Interna

35、tional Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission for arbitration based on the relative arbitration rules. The arbitral award is final and with the power of binding both parties. 凡因本合同或與本合同有關(guān)的任何爭議,雙方應(yīng)通過友好協(xié)商的辦法解決；如果協(xié)商不能解決，均應(yīng)提交中國國際經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易仲裁委員會，按照申請仲裁時該會現(xiàn)行有效的仲裁規(guī)則進(jìn)行仲裁。仲裁裁決是終局的，對雙方都有約束力。For all of the contra

36、ct arising as a result of this. Or contract-related disputes, the contract should the two sides through friendly consultations, resolved, if consensus can not be resolved, the dispute should be referred to arbitration.對于所有因本合同引起的.或根本合同相關(guān)的糾紛，合同雙方應(yīng)通過友好協(xié)商解決，若無法通過協(xié)商解決，應(yīng)將糾紛提交仲裁解決。FORUM AND GOVERNING LAW.

37、 The parties understand and agree that the laws of location will be applied to interpret this Agreement. This Agreement is to be interpreted by application of the United Nations Convention on International Sale of Goods. Any action filed to resolve a dispute between the parties must be brought in lo

38、cation.法庭及適用法律。各方理解并同意本協(xié)議將采用某地法律解釋本協(xié)議。本協(xié)議采用/不采用聯(lián)合國公約國際貨物銷售條款來解釋。任何解決各方爭議的法律訴訟行為必須在某地進(jìn)行。解釋：法律適用條款是指國際貨物買賣合同是在營業(yè)地分處不同國家的當(dāng)事人之間訂立的。由于各國政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、法律制度不同，就產(chǎn)生了法律沖突和法律適用問題。當(dāng)事人在合同中明確宣布合同適用何國法律的條款稱作法律適用條款或法律選擇條款。相關(guān)表述舉例：The formation, validity, interpretation and implementation of this Agreement shall be governed

39、by the laws and regulations of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the Peoples Republic of China.關(guān)于本協(xié)議的成立，有效性，解釋和執(zhí)行應(yīng)按照中華人民共和國香港特別行政區(qū)的有關(guān)法律來管理。MODIFICATIONS AND WAIVERS. All modifications to this Agreement must be in writing and signed by the parties or their authorized agents. If a party waive

40、s any of its rights under this Agreement to make a claim for breach, that waiver will have no effect with regard to the partys right to enforce the Agreement as to any subsequent breach. 修改和棄權(quán)。對本協(xié)議所做出的任何修改必須以書面形式做出并由各方或其授權(quán)的代理人簽署。如果一方放棄協(xié)議中起訴違約的權(quán)利，此棄權(quán)不會影響這一方強(qiáng)制實(shí)施本協(xié)議的權(quán)利。相關(guān)合同文本舉例：Failure or delay by either party in enforcing or partially enforcing any provision of this Agreement will not be construed as a waiver of any of their respective rights under this Agreement. Any waiver by either party of any breach or any defa