選修八unit2詞匯講課講稿課件

1、選修8Unit 2Cloning共119 頁11differ vi. 不同；相異differ from 與.不同=be different（adj.）fromdiffer in 在方面不同differ with/from sb. on/about sth.與某人關(guān)于意見不同difference n. 不同；不同之處make a/some/no difference to sb./sth.對某人/某物有/有些/沒有影響或作用共119 頁22undertake vt. 著手，從事，承擔(dān)；承諾，答應(yīng)undertaking n. 任務(wù)，事業(yè)；承諾，答應(yīng)undertake a task/project

2、承擔(dān)一個任務(wù)/項目undertake to do sth. 答應(yīng)做某事undertake for sth. 為負(fù)責(zé)共119 頁33cast vt.&vi. (cast, cast).&n.投擲；投射（光，視線等）；為（戲劇，角色）選派演員cast aside 拋棄，消除，廢除cast away 拋棄，丟掉，使(船)漂流，(船)失事cast behind 疏遠(yuǎn)；把拋在腦后cast down 使沮喪/不愉快cast off 丟棄cast ones eyes over 審視cast ones mind back to sth. 回顧，回想cast light on/uponthrow light u

3、pon 弄清楚，闡明共119 頁4cast down即學(xué)即練(1)Dont be so _. Just keep up your spirits.不要這么沮喪，打起精神來！(2)As soon as they reached the fishing area, the fishermen _ their nets _ the sea.castinto漁民們一到捕魚區(qū)就把漁網(wǎng)撒進(jìn)了大海。cast aside(3)As soon as he became rich he _ all his old friends who gave him some help.他一富起來就拋棄了所有曾經(jīng)給過他幫助的

4、老朋友。共119 頁54object vi. 反對，不贊成n. 實物；目的；對象objection n. 反對；厭惡object to sb./sth. 反對，不贊成某人/某事object to doing sth. 反對做某事object to sb. doing sth. 反對某人做某事raise an objection to (doing) sth. 對提出異議have/make an objection to (doing) sth. 對表示反對共119 頁6object to即學(xué)即練(1)I _ the proposal. 我反對這個提議。object to being treat

5、ed(2)We _ like this.我們抗議這種待遇。a strong objection to(3)I feel _ getting up early.我極不愿意早起。共119 頁75obtain vt. 獲得，取得；買到；借到（尤指通過努力）obtain knowledge/money/services/an education共119 頁86forbid vt. (forbade/forbad, forbidden) 禁止；反對近義詞：ban，prohibitforbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事forbid doing sth. 禁止做某事原形”)forbid

6、that. 禁止(從句中常用“should動詞forbid sb. sth. 禁止某人某事共119 頁9forbids students to smoke即學(xué)即練(1)Our school _.我們學(xué)校不允許學(xué)生吸煙。be forbidden in(2)Smoking should _ public places.公共場所應(yīng)該禁止吸煙。forbid him wine(3)His parents _.他的父母不準(zhǔn)他喝酒。共119 頁10提示：forbid 后不能直接跟動詞不定式做賓語，而是跟動名詞做賓語，也可用forbid sb. to do sth. 形式，有類似用法的單詞還有allow, p

7、ermit, advise 等。共119 頁117owe vt.欠(錢、物、債等)；應(yīng)當(dāng)給予owe sb. sth.或owe sth. to sb.欠某人某物owe.to. 把歸功于owe it to sb. that.多虧某人幫忙owing tobecause of 因為，由于共119 頁12owe即學(xué)即練(1)Dont forget you still _ 150 yuan to the wine shop.別忘了，你還欠酒店150元錢呢。owes(2)He _ his success to hard work and practice.他把他的成功歸功于努力工作和實踐。(3)If I h

8、ave improved in any way, I _ it all to my teacher.owe如果說我有一些進(jìn)步，這應(yīng)該全部歸功于我的老師。owe(4)You _ me an apology.你得向我道歉。owe(5)We should do the duty which we _ to our country.我們應(yīng)對國家盡我們應(yīng)盡的義務(wù)。共119 頁13owe(6)I _ it to you that I finished my work in time.多虧你幫忙，我才及時完成了工作。Owing(7)_ to the rain, they could not come.由于下

9、雨，他們不能來了。共119 頁148bother vt. 打擾vi. 操心n. 煩擾；令人煩惱的事或人bother with/about sth. 花費時間或精力(做某事)bother sb. about/with sth. 使某人煩惱，不安It bothers sb. that./to do sth. 使某人苦惱的是bother to do/doing sth. 操心做某事共119 頁159strike vt. & vi.打，撞擊，沖擊，罷工，打動，劃燃，侵襲，突然想起n罷工，打擊（strike-struck-struck/stricken）be struck with/by為所侵襲；為所觸

10、動It strikes me that.我覺得；我突然想到strike a match劃火柴strike on/upon打在上；撞到上be/go on strike舉行罷工共119 頁16即學(xué)即練(1)The workers _/_ were striking on strikebecause they wanted more money.工人們在罷工，因為他們要求增加工資。struck five(2)When the clock _，the strike started.當(dāng)鐘敲響了五點，罷工開始了。wont strike(3)The match _ because of the moistu

11、re of the air.由于空氣潮濕，火柴劃不著。It strikes me that(4)_none of them trusts each other.他們當(dāng)中沒有一個人信賴對方這使我震驚。(5)Great damage has been caused by the tornado which struck_ the area last week.共119 頁上周侵襲這一地區(qū)的龍卷風(fēng)造成了巨大的損失。1710resist v. 忍住；頂?。坏钟环纯箁esistance n. 反抗resistant adj. 抵抗的；耐的resist sth. 抵制、阻擋某事resist doing

12、sth. 反對做某事cant resist doing sth. 忍不住做某事be resistant to 對有抵抗力共119 頁1811pay off 得到好結(jié)果；取得成功；還清pay money for sth. 付錢買pay for sth. 買pay back 還錢，報復(fù)pay out 付出大筆款項；放松pay up 付清欠款共119 頁1912in favour of 贊成；支持in favour 贊同；流行；得寵in favour with sb. 受某人支持in sb.s favour 對某人有利out of favour 失寵；不流行do sb. a favourdo a f

13、avour for sb. 幫某人忙do sb. the favour to do sth. 幫某人做owe sb. a favour 欠某人情共119 頁2013be bound to do 一定；注定bound v. 跳躍；限制；形成的界線n. 跳躍；界線，范圍adj. 必然的，一定的；準(zhǔn)備到去的be bound to sth. 被束縛于某物；被綁在某物上be bound to do sth. 一定會、有義務(wù)去做某事be bound (for.) 準(zhǔn)備(去)be bound up in 熱心于，忙于be bound up with 與有密切關(guān)系Ill be bound. 我確信共119 頁

14、21bound to be即學(xué)即練(1)Its _sunny again tomorrow.明天肯定又是陽光燦爛。are bound to(2)We _ obey the law.我們有義務(wù)遵守法律。is bound for(3)The plane _New York.這架飛機(jī)是飛往紐約的。bound up in(4)Hes too _ his work to have much time for his children.他工作太忙，沒有時間多陪孩子們。共119 頁2214in good/bad condition 狀況很好(壞)；情況很好(壞)be in a good/bad state)

15、out of/in bad condition(人)身體不適；(物)保養(yǎng)得不好working/living conditions工作/生活條件in difficult conditions在困難的條件下on condition that.(相當(dāng)于so long as或if)只要on this/that condition在這種/那種條件下on no condition 在任何情況下都不economic conditions經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢in/under favourable conditions在有利的形勢下共119 頁23.重點句型詳解1Then_camethe disturbing news t

16、hatDolly had become seriously ill.接著傳來了令人煩惱的消息多莉得了重病。共119 頁24(1)表示方位、時間或方式的副詞或介詞短語，如here, there, now, then, up, down, in, away, off, out, in the room, on the wall等置于句首時，句子倒裝。Look, here comes the bus.看，公共汽車來了。Out rushed the children.孩子們沖了出去。There goes the bell.鈴響了。共119 頁25(2)本句中的news與that Dolly had b

17、ecome seriously ill是同位語關(guān)系。一個名詞或代詞后面有時可接一個單詞、短語或從句，對前者做進(jìn)一步的解釋，說明它指的是誰或是什么，這就是同位語。共119 頁26We heard of the news that our team had won.我們聽說了我們隊贏了這一消息。We must face the fact that we have run out of all the money.我們必須面對我們已花完了錢這一事實。共119 頁27即境活用1(1)In the dark forests _，some large Blie many lakesDmany lakes

18、standenough to hold several English towns.Astand many lakesCmany lakes lie 答案：B解析：表地點的介詞短語放在句首時用完全倒裝，表示某物位于某處用動詞lie。共119 頁28(2)Nobody believed his reason for being absent from the class _ he had to meet his uncle at the airport.Awhy Cwhere 答案：BBthatDbecause解析：考查同位語從句。句意為：他沒來上課，因他必須到機(jī)場接他叔叔，沒人相信這個理由。h

19、is reason后接同位語從句，由for being absent from the class隔開，從句是個完整的句子，故選B項。共119 頁292Did she die youngbecause she was a clone?因為她是克隆的，所以才早逝了嗎？young 為形容詞，在句中做狀語。在描繪性文字中，形容詞(短語)或形容詞化的分詞有時起狀語作用，說明主句所述的原因、時間或主語所處境況或意義增補。共119 頁30(1)表原因表原因的形容詞(短語)或形容詞化的分詞多放在句首，句子的主語亦是其邏輯主語。表原因的形容詞(短語)相當(dāng)于原因狀語從句。如：Thirsty and hungry

20、 (As he was thirsty and hungry), he went to a farmers cottage to ask for something to eat.由于又饑又渴，他來到一家農(nóng)舍要點吃的。Frightened(Because she was frightened), she asked me to go with her.由于害怕，她要我跟她一起去。共119 頁31(2)表時間形容詞(短語)表主語動作發(fā)生的時間，放在句首。其作用相當(dāng)于一個時間狀語從句。如：Ripe (When they are ripe), the oranges taste sweet.這些橘子

21、熟了時，味道甜美。共119 頁32(3)說明主語的境況或意義增補形容詞(短語)表示主語所處境況或意義增補時，常放在句末。相當(dāng)于一個和前面句子并列的句子。如：Holmes found the man lying on the floor, dead(and he was dead). 福爾摩斯發(fā)現(xiàn)那個人躺在地板上，死了。共119 頁33One woman was lying in bed, awake(and she was awake). 有位婦女醒著躺在床上。For a moment she just stood there, unable(and she was unable) to be

22、lieve what had just happened.她在那兒呆呆地站了一會兒，不敢相信剛才發(fā)生的事情。共119 頁34即境活用2(2008北京)After the long journey, the three of them went back home, _.Ahungry and tiredly Chungrily and tiredly Bhungry and tiredDhungrily and tired答案：B解析：本題考查形容詞做狀語。共119 頁35易錯點撥自我完善誤區(qū)備考共119 頁361.bother/disturb/trouble/annoy這組詞都表示“使人不得

23、安寧”或“心煩意亂”。(1)bother指干擾別人的正常生活和工作而使之不太安寧，可能是故意的，含有使人討厭的意味。(2)disturb指使人失去正常秩序而一時得不到安寧，精力不能集中，語氣比bother弱。共119 頁37(3)trouble常指在心情上失去平靜而感到憂慮、苦惱或行動上帶來不便，也常用于禮貌的請求。(4)annoy通常指重復(fù)性的行為使(別人)生氣。常用被動，表示為某事煩惱、生氣。共119 頁38應(yīng)用1botherwith(1)I dont want to _ you _ my problems.我不想讓你因為我的問題而擔(dān)心。troubling(2)Whats _ youmon

24、ey problems?什么事令你憂慮不安經(jīng)濟(jì)問題嗎？annoying(3)These flies are _ me.這些蒼蠅一直在煩我。共119 頁39disturbing(4)They were charged with _ public peace.他們被指控擾亂社會治安。共119 頁402. obtain/earn/gain/get/win(1)obtain應(yīng)用范圍較廣，含有“如期地達(dá)到目的或得到所希望的東西”之意，多用于正式場合。(2)earn表示經(jīng)過艱苦努力而得到報酬，或得到了理應(yīng)享有的某種待遇，其賓語多為金錢、榮譽等。共119 頁41(3)gain指通過斗爭、競爭或付出勞動而獲得

25、某種優(yōu)勢或達(dá)到某種目的。其賓語通常是經(jīng)驗、優(yōu)勢、利益、好處等。(4)get最常用，可指主動去“獲得，得到”，也可能是被迫“接受”，有時指不一定需要主動性或付出很大努力就能得到。(5)win多指在競賽中“獲得，贏得”，有時也用于指在戰(zhàn)爭中“獲得”勝利，賓語通常是比賽、戰(zhàn)斗、戰(zhàn)爭等。共119 頁42應(yīng)用2gained(1)She _ rich experience in teaching.她獲得了豐富的教學(xué)經(jīng)驗。got(2)She _ a bad cold yesterday.她昨天得了重感冒。won(3)They _ the basketball match.他們打贏了這場籃球賽。共119 頁4

26、3obtain(4)We wished to _ the first我們希望得到第一手情報。hand information.earns(5)He _800 yuan of wages a month.他月薪八百元。obtains(6)This custom still _in some districts.這種風(fēng)俗在某些地區(qū)仍然流行。共119 頁443. strike/hit/beat/knock這四個詞均有“打”的意思。(1)strike 通常表示“打一下、打若干下”，不一定都是有意的；還有“打動，使著迷，某種想法突然閃現(xiàn)在腦海里”的含義；也可指“打、擦出(火)，(蛇、獸)抓、咬，(鐘)敲

27、響”。共119 頁45(2)hit 指“打中”“對準(zhǔn)來打”“敲打或打擊對方的某一點”，還可用來表示傳染病或自然災(zāi)害“襲擊”某一地區(qū)，而其他動詞一般不這樣用。作“被想起”講時，與strike 同義。(3)beat 側(cè)重“連續(xù)地打擊”，如毆打或體罰；也指在游戲、競賽或戰(zhàn)爭中擊敗對方；也指“心跳”。(4)knock 側(cè)重于“敲打，叩擊”，常用做不及物動詞，通常與at 連用。共119 頁46應(yīng)用3用hit, strike, beat, knock 的適當(dāng)形式填空beats(1)His heart _ violently.hit(2)In 2009, H1N1 _ China.struck(3)I wa

28、s _ by her youth and enthusiasm.knock(4)Please _ at the door before entering.共119 頁47Strike(5)_ while the iron is hot.beat(6)Happily, we heard our team _ the Japanese team.hit(7)The stone _ him on the head.共119 頁48高效作業(yè)自我測評技能備考共119 頁49.單詞拼寫1Thebrothersd_differwidelyintheirtastes.2Thisquestionisquites

29、_，whilestraightforwardthatoneismuchmorecomplicated.botheringmeforweeks.3Theproblemhasbeenb_forbiddeninpublicplaces.4Smokingisf_reasonabletomostofus.5Hissuggestionsoundsquiter_共119 頁506Thefilmwasa_commercial(商業(yè)的)success.7Idliketocome,too,ifyouhaveno_objection(反對)8He_(僅僅)askedusournames.merelybreakthr

30、ough9Wehavemadeanother_(突破)inspaceexploration.obtain10Healwaysmanagedto_(得到)whathewanted.共119 頁51.單項選擇1(2010山東濰坊質(zhì)量監(jiān)測)_，I thought I would only stay there for a week, but later I changed my mind.AGenerally CExtremely 答案：B解析：考查副詞辨析。語意為：最初，我想我只在那里待一周，但后來我改變了主意。generally一般地；initially最初；BInitiallyDEventua

31、llyextremely極其；eventually最后，終于。根據(jù)語意可知B項正確。共119 頁522Hearing the news that he didnt pass the final exam, he became _at once.Acasted down Ccast off 答案：BBcast downDcasted off解析：cast 的過去式、過去分詞都是cast，故排除A、D項。cast down 使沮喪；cast off 解纜放船；拋開。共119 頁533Money spent on the brain is never spent _.Ain ease Cin vai

32、n Bin angerDin comfort答案：C解析：句意：智力上的投資決非浪費。in vain意為“徒勞，無效，無益”，合語境。共119 頁544I need to take more exercise regularly, because Im really _ these days.Ain bad conditions Con no condition 答案：B解析：考查固定短語的辨析。in bad condition“情況不好”，此時常用condition的單數(shù)；out of condition健康狀況不好；on no condition決不。Bout of conditionDi

33、n bad state共119 頁555To our joy, there are so many _ in science and technology all over the world in recent years.Adiscovery Cfindings 答案：B解析：discovery “發(fā)現(xiàn)”，invention “發(fā)明”，都符合句意，但須用復(fù)數(shù)形式。finding 有兩種含義，一是指別人丟掉后BbreakthroughsDinvention的“發(fā)現(xiàn)物，拾得物”；二是其復(fù)數(shù)形式還有一特別含義，指“(委員會等的)調(diào)查結(jié)果，報告”，不合句意。共119 頁566Everybody p

34、resent smiled. Sally spoke English _.Aaloud and clear Cloudly and clear 答案：BBloud and clearDloud and clearly解析：speak loud and clear 說話聲音響亮而清楚。aloud adv. 大聲地，出聲地，如read aloud 朗讀；loudly adv. 高聲地；喧噪地；clearly 清楚地，明白地，如speak clearly 說話清楚。共119 頁577We are bound _ with difficulties in carrying out this resea

35、rch.Ato meet Cmeeting 答案：A解析：考查be bound to do sth. “一定會；注定(做)”。Bto have metDhaving met共119 頁588The child is much too young; I object _ him alone at home.Ato leave BleaveCleaving 答案：DDto leaving解析：object to “反對”，其中to是介詞，后接名詞、代詞、動名詞。共119 頁599The fortystorey building is one of the most challenging engi

36、neering projects they have _.Aundergone BovertakenCunderstood 答案：DDundertaken解析：考查動詞辨析。undergo 經(jīng)歷，遭受；overtake 趕上，追上，超過；understand 理解，明白；undertake 從事，進(jìn)行。由題意知，選D。共119 頁6010The result of the football match, _ the surprise of us all, was 2 to 1 _ our favour.Ain; to Cin; in 答案：D解析：考查介詞搭配。to the surprise

37、of sb. 使某人吃驚的是；in our favour 對我們有利。Bto; toDto; in共119 頁6111I _ suggested you should do it again; there is no need to get annoyed.Amerely Cstill 答案：A解析：句意為：我只是建議你應(yīng)該再做一次；你沒有必要煩惱。merely 只是，僅僅；even 甚至；still 仍然；yet 然而。BevenDyet共119 頁6212Although a teenager, Fred could not resist _ what to do and what not

38、 to do.Atelling Cbeing told Bto tellDto be told答案：C解析：考查cant resist doing sth. “不能忍受”，且句中表被動意義，用being told “被告知”。共119 頁6313Though we take a great risk of investing in the project, yet it will _ in the long run.Ago off Cpay off Bturn upDcome up答案：C解析：pay off 得到好的結(jié)果，取得成功；go off 離開；turn up 出現(xiàn)；come up 過

39、來。共119 頁6414(2010福建六校三聯(lián))Just as Alan M. Eddison _ it, “Modern technology _ ecology an apology.”Asays; owes Cput; owes 答案：CBputs; makesDsaid; owed解析：put it為固定短語，意思是“說，表達(dá)”；owe.an apology的意思是“應(yīng)向道歉”。say為不及物動詞，后面不可跟賓語，由此可排除A、D兩項；這是過去所說的話，因此選C。共119 頁6515_a terrible storm would take place in Hainan.AWord c

40、ame which CWord that came BWord came thatDWords came that答案：B解析：word 在此句中是“消息”的意思，不可數(shù)名詞，that 引導(dǎo)的是同位語從句a terrible storm would take place in Hainan。共119 頁66.完形填空In the doorway of my home, I looked closely at my 23yearold son, Daniel. In a few hours he would be flying to France to _1_ a different life.

41、 It was a transitional(過渡的) time in Daniels life. I wanted to _2_ him some words of significance. But nothing came from my lips, and this was not the _3_ time I had let such moments pass.共119 頁67When Daniel was five, I took him to the bus stop on his first day of kindergarten. He asked, “What is it

42、going to be like, Dad? Can I do it？”Then he walked _4_ the steps of the bus and disappeared inside. The bus drove away and I said nothing. A decade later, a 共119 頁68similar _5_ played itself out. I drove him to college. As I started to leave, I tried to think of something to say to give him_6_ and c

43、onfidence as he started this new stage of life. Again, words _7_ me.共119 頁69Now, as I stood before him, I thought of those _8_ opportunities. How many times have I let such moments _9_ ? I dont find a quiet moment to tell him what they have _10_ to me, or what he might _11_ to face in the years ahea

44、d. Maybe I thought it was not necessary to say anything.共119 頁70What does it matter in the course of a lifetime if a father never tells a son what he really thinks of him? _12_ as I stood before Daniel, I knew that it did matter. My father and I loved each other. Yet, I always _13_ never hearing him

45、 put his _14_ into words. Now I could feel my palms sweat and my throat tighten. Why is it so _15_ to tell a son something from the heart?共119 頁71My mouth turned dry, and I knew I would be able to get out only a few words clearly. “Daniel，”I said, “if I could have picked, I would have picked you.” T

46、hats all I could say. He hugged me. For a moment, the world _16_，共119 頁72and there were just Daniel and me. He was saying something, but tears misted my eyes, and I couldnt understand what he was saying. All I was _17_ of was the stubble(短須) on his chin as his face pressed _18_ mine. What I had said

47、 to Daniel was _19_ . It was nothing. And yet, it was _20_ .共119 頁731A. experience C. enjoy 2A. show C. leave 3A. last C. very B. spend D. shapeB. give D. instructB. first D. next4A. upward C. down B. into D. up共119 頁745A. sign C. scenery 6A. interest C. courage 7A. failed C. struck B. scene D. sigh

48、tB. instruction D. directionB. discouraged D. troubled8A. future C. obvious B. embarrassing D. lost共119 頁759A. last B. pass C. fly 10A. counted C. valued C. expect D. remainB. meant D. earedD. wish11A. think B. want 12A. But C. Instead B. And D. So共119 頁7613A. wondered C. minded B. regretted D. trie

49、d14A. views C. feelings 15A. important C. hard 16A. disappeared B. actions D. attitudesB. essential D. complexB. changed C. progressed D. advanced共119 頁7717A. sensitive B. convinced C. aware 18A. by C. on D. tiredB. against D. with19A. clumsy C. absurd 20A. none C. anything B. gentle D. movingB. all D. everything共119 頁78答案及解析：1. A。作者的兒子即將飛往法國去體會一種不同的生活。experience經(jīng)歷，體會。2. C。give多為給某人具體的