2022年中考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)案定語從句（無答案）

1、一、回答下面問題。(1)什么是定語？(2)什么是定語從句？定語從句分類?(3)什么是先行詞？(4)哪些詞可以引導(dǎo)定語從句？知識(shí)點(diǎn)一、定語從句【知識(shí)梳理】河南考情概覽河南近10年中招真題關(guān)于定語從句在語篇填空第二節(jié)和往 年單項(xiàng)選擇中考查關(guān)系代詞。語篇填空第二節(jié)考查定語從句關(guān)系詞 （2021.66）；在往年單項(xiàng)選擇中主要考查定語從句關(guān)系詞的辨析，常 考的關(guān)系詞為who（4次），that（5次）和which。次）?！菊Z篇學(xué)語法】I will never forget the days when I served as a volunteer. Life was not easy, but it ma

2、de me full and happy.In the distance（遠(yuǎn)處），I saw some villagers （who/that） were waiting to give me a warm welcome. They were looking forward to having a teacher （who/that） could stay to teach their kids （who/that） shouldered the hope of their future. They shook hands with me and offered to carry the l

3、uggage（彳亍李）（which/that） had nothing but a quilt（被子）.I was showed into my bedroom （which/that） stood next to the classroom whose roof（屋頂）was covered with brown grass. This is the room where you live, “the根據(jù)句意，用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空.The first thing must be done now is to make a plan.The characters and the events w

4、ere described by the author are veryattractive.1s that the reason you didnt come to the party?have sent an invitation to the American teacher I met in the English cornerlast week.He returned to his hometown he lived with his family after graduating fromthe university.Do you know the director,directe

5、d the film The Shawshank Redemption?Li Jiacheng, for life had once been very hard,got success and became oneof the richest men in China.You have done all you are ordered to do.village leader said. We have tried our best.” Not so bad. Much better thanexpected, I replied. My words made the villagers l

6、augh.School was about to open. I had to get the textbooks for the children （who/whom/that） I would teach. There was only a road that led out of the mountains. The villagers offered to help me, but I refused their offer since I knew all those who stayed in the village were either old people or small

7、children. So, I carried back all the school things that the children would use with a carrying pole（桿）.Soon came the day when new term began, but many seats were empty. I asked the students about it and was told that they had dropped out. The next day, I climbed up mountains and down valleys（溪谷）to g

8、o from door to door to persuade（說月艮）the parents to let their kids go back to school. Finally, my effort paid off and all the dropped-out children were back in class again.定語從句的概述在復(fù)合句中對(duì)名詞、代詞、名詞性短語、句子進(jìn)行修飾、限定的從句叫定語 從句。被修飾的成分叫先行詞。引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞有兩種：關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系 副詞。常見的關(guān)系代詞包括that, which, who（賓格為whom,所有格為whose）等， 關(guān)系

9、副詞包括where, when, why等。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞有三個(gè)作用：引導(dǎo)從句；指代先行詞；在定語 從中作成分。如：Harry Porter is a smart boy.（形容詞作定語）Harry Porter is a boy who has magic power.（定語從句）Harry Porter is a boy who has magic power先行詞關(guān)系詞定語從句關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞which, who, whom,where, when,whose, thatwhyThis is an old computer. It works much slower.這是一臺(tái)老式電腦

10、。它工作起來速 度很慢。（這是兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句，It代替an old computer）This is an old computer which/that works much slower. 這是一臺(tái)工作起來比擬慢 的老式電腦（這是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句，which/that代替an old computer,引導(dǎo)定語從 句）普通代詞只起替代作用，如在上例中It替代an old computer.而關(guān)系代詞除可以 起替代作用之外還可以引導(dǎo)定語從句。.關(guān)系代詞的用法關(guān)系代詞有who, whom, whose, which, thato它們的具體使用情況如下表 所示：關(guān)系詞先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞謧渥㈥P(guān)系代

11、 詞who人主語、賓語whom, which 和 that 在從句 中作賓語時(shí)，?？梢允÷?， 但介詞提前時(shí)后面的關(guān)系代 詞不能省略，也不可以用that 和 whowhom人賓語which物主語、賓語that人或物主語、賓語、表語whose人或物定語whose+=the+機(jī)+ofwhich/whom = ofwhich/whom+the+.（先行詞指人時(shí)用whom,指 物時(shí)用which）（2）在定語從句中，使用關(guān)系代詞時(shí)我們應(yīng)該考慮兩點(diǎn)：一是先行詞是“人” 還是“物”；二是關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)什么成分。He is a man who/that means what he says.他是一個(gè)說

12、話算話的人。（先行詞指人，關(guān)系代詞who/that引導(dǎo)定語從句， 并在從句中作主語）Is there anyone in your class whose father is a teacher?你們班有誰的父親是老師？（先行詞指人，關(guān)系代詞whose引導(dǎo)定語從句， 并在定語從句中作定語）To be frank, I dont like the movie （which/that） you recommended to me yesterday.說實(shí)話，我不喜歡你昨天推薦給我的那部影片。（先行詞指物，關(guān)系代詞 which/that引導(dǎo)定語從句，并在從句中作賓語，可省略）II.關(guān)系代詞用that

13、而不用which的情況.領(lǐng)先行詞是 all, much, anything, nothing, little, none 等不定代詞時(shí)She told me everything that she knew.她把她所知道的一切都告訴了我。.先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚地記得我在那個(gè)房間所見到的人和一些照片。.先行詞為序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant

14、Trunk Hill.在桂林他們所 參觀的第一個(gè)地方是象鼻山。.先行詞為形容詞最高級(jí)或被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)This is the best film that I have ever seen.這是我看過的最好的電影。.先行詞為the last, the only, the very, the same等或被這些詞修飾時(shí)Mr. Smith is the only foreigner that he knows.史密斯先生是他唯一，認(rèn)識(shí)的外國(guó) 人。.主句是以who或which開頭的特殊疑問句時(shí)Which is the true story that he told us?他給我們講的哪一個(gè)故事是

15、真實(shí)的？.領(lǐng)先行詞在主句中作表語或關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語時(shí)Tom isnt the man that he used to be.湯姆不再是過去的樣子了。III.關(guān)系代詞用which而不用that的情況.先行詞為that時(shí)一Whats that which is under the desk?桌子底下的那個(gè)東西是什么？一It!s a football.那是一個(gè)足球。.關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí)This is the room in which he lives.這是他住的房間。.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)Tom came back, which made us happy.湯姆回來了，這使我們很高興。關(guān)系

16、副詞(時(shí)間/地點(diǎn)/原因)的用法where 指地點(diǎn)，充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語；此時(shí)可用 in which/ on which/ at which/ to which 等取代This is the place. We spent our childhood in that place.替換：This is the place (which / that) we spend our childhood in.This is the place in which we spent our childhood.This is the place where we spent our childhood.when 指

17、時(shí)間，充當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語 in which/ on which/ at which/ during which 等取 代Hell always remember the day. His grandma passed away on that day.替換： Hell always remember the day (which/ that) his grandma passed away on.Hell always remember the day on which his grandma passed away.Hell always remember the day when his gra

18、ndma passed away.C.why指原因，充當(dāng)原因狀語；可以用for which來取代。引導(dǎo)非限制性定語 從句時(shí)，不能用why;可以用for which.This is the reason. They were late for the meeting because of the reason. 替換：This is the reason why they were late for the meeting.Can you tell me the reason why / for which the car broke down?IV.定語從句的考前須知.關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語時(shí)

19、。根據(jù)先行詞的單復(fù)數(shù)確定從句謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù) 數(shù)。如：He is the only one of the students who knows French in our class.他是我們班里唯一懂法語的學(xué)生。（the only one為先行詞）He is one of the students who know French in our class.他是我們班里懂法語的學(xué)生之一。（students為先行詞）.關(guān)系代詞的省略：在限制性定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞作動(dòng)詞的賓語或介詞的賓 語（這時(shí)介詞不能在關(guān)系代詞前）時(shí)常可省略。如：The boy (that/who/whom) we saw las

20、t night was Li Ming.我們昨晚見至的那個(gè)男孩是李明?！纠}精講】例L選詞填空.The little girl with(whom/who/which) I walked my dog is my niece.All the films(that/which/where) Chaplin acted in were very funny.He wrote many childrens books, nearly half of(them/which/that) were published in the 1990s.The company(where/which/that) m

21、y father works is five miles away from here.The film brought back the good hours(when/which/that) I played happily with my playmates. All the neighbors speak highly of this family(where/which/who) the parents are treating their child like a friend.7.1 am on a job(when/where/which) everyone waits for

22、 a chance to break through.8.2018 天津卷改編Kate,(who/whose/whom) sister I shared a room with when we were al college,has gone to work in Australia.9.This is the only food(that/which/whose) is in my fridge now.10.Is this the reason(that/why/with which) the director explained at the meeting yesterday?11.1

23、 have reached a point in my life(where/that/when) I am expected to make my ow decisions by parents.12.Organizers are making preparations for the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games (whose/which/where)aim is to create a wonderful Winter Games.例2.用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞填空The film you are looking forward to seeing will

24、 be on tomorrow.Is there anything you want to buy?The girl hair is golden is from England.The man I saw told me to come here.He asked about the factories and workers we had just visited.The weather turned out to be good,was more than we could expect.What was that he said?Who is the girl is standing

25、under the tree?Our school is not the one it used to be,The building doors are green is an office building.例3.將下面兩個(gè)句子改寫成含有一個(gè)定語從句的復(fù)合句Those people have finished the exercises.Those people may go home now.In the corner of the room was a large basket full of apples.Most of the apples had gone bad.Childre

26、n eat a lot of sweets or chocolate.They often have bad teeth.am looking forward to the day.On the day my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.He has many records.Some of them are bought from foreign countries.I was interested in the organization.There were so many funny activitie

27、s and nice people in the organization.Many children have to live with their grandparents.Their parents are away working in big cities.Students should be encouraged to take part in more activities.In the activities they can get growth experience.We went to the West Lake yesterday.The West Lake was full of visitors from all over the world.They were talking about Mr.Li and his novel.Mr.Li and his novel are popular with students in school.【鞏固練習(xí)】根據(jù)句意，用適當(dāng)?shù)?/p>