高考英語二輪考點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)講義閱讀理解低碳生活與全球變暖

1、2013高考英語二輪考點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)講義：閱讀理解-低碳生活與全球變暖話題探究偲做生活這個(gè)話題是近幾年一個(gè)重要熱點(diǎn)話題，因此在我力的許多考試種此類話題也 成了重要考查內(nèi)容.低碳生活是指生活作息時(shí)所耗用的能量要盡力減少, 從而遍低二氧化碳的排放量,2Q0多年來，隨著工業(yè)化進(jìn)程的深八，大量溫室氣體，主要是 二氧化碳的排出，使全球氣溫升高，氣候發(fā)生變化，這已是不爭(zhēng)的事實(shí).2。的年12月E日， 世界氣象組織提前公布的2019年全球氣候狀況報(bào)告指出，近IL年是有記錄以來全球最熱 的10年.此外，全球變暖也使得南極冰川開始融化，進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致海平面升高.哥本哈根氣候 變化峰會(huì)自在2009年12月7日開幕以來.就被冠以有

2、史以來最重要的會(huì)期改變地球命運(yùn)的會(huì)議萼各種重量級(jí)頭銜.低魂生活，對(duì)于我們普通人來說是一種態(tài)度，而不是能力， 我們應(yīng)該積極提倡并去實(shí)踐低碳生活，注意節(jié)電、節(jié)油、節(jié)氣，從點(diǎn)滴敢起.但關(guān)心侄球氣 候變暖的人們卻把減少二氧化碳實(shí)實(shí)在在地帶入了生活.作為高中生，我們也肩導(dǎo)同學(xué)們墟 低碳生活、過節(jié)約生活、做有責(zé)任感的公民，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生從出行、購物、用水、家電和警具使 用方面反省自己的生活方式，成為真正的低碳一族.在提倡健康士活已成潮流的今天，低 碳生活不再只是一種理想.更是一種值得期待的新的生活方式.我們應(yīng)該積極提倡并去實(shí)踐低碳生活，要注意節(jié)電、節(jié)氣、熄燈一小時(shí)從這些點(diǎn)滴做起。從近近幾年的試題中，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)這些

3、話題的題目有一些特點(diǎn)：.多數(shù)屬于議論題材，作者提出觀點(diǎn)，然后進(jìn)行論證，引起人們的共鳴。.有很多也屬于新聞報(bào)道類，體現(xiàn)當(dāng)今社會(huì)、政府對(duì)低炭排放政策的關(guān)注。.溫室效應(yīng)帶來的地球變暖話題。.二氧化碳的高排放量對(duì)人類環(huán)境造成的危害話題。.低炭生活的表現(xiàn)的方面，和為此進(jìn)行的一些改進(jìn)措施、發(fā)明等等。.提倡全社會(huì)都來進(jìn)行低炭生活的倡導(dǎo)文章。,鏈接局考鏈接1 .（2012四川卷）Plants are flowering faster than scientists predicted （預(yù)測(cè)）in reaction toclimate change, which could have long damagin

4、g effects on food chains and ecosystems.Global waning is having a great effect on hundreds of plant and animal species around the world, changing some living patterns, scientists say.Increased carbon dioxide （CO,） in the air from burning coal and oil can have aneffect on how plants produce oxygen, w

5、hile higher temperatures and changeable rainfall patterns can change their patterns of growth.Predicting species reaction to climate change is a major challenge in ecology, said the researchers of several U. S. universities. They said plants had been the key object of study because their reaction to

6、 climate change could have an effect on food chains and ecosystem services.The study, published on the Nature website, uses the findings from plant life cycle studies andexperiments across four continents and 1,634 species. It found that some experiments had underestimated （低估）the speed of flowering

7、 by 8.5 times and leafing by 4 times.Across all species, the experiments under-predicted the speed of the advance一for both leafing and flowering - that results from temperature increases, the studysaid.The design of future experiments may need to be improved lo belter predict how plants will react t

8、o climate change, it said.Plants are necessary for life on the Earth. They are the base of the food chain, using photosynthesis（光合作用）to produce sugar from carbon dioxide and water. Theylet out oxygen which is needed by nearly every organism on the planet.Scientists believe the worlds average tempera

9、ture has risen by about 0. 8A since 1900, and nearly 0.2X. every ten years since 1979.So far, efforts to cut emissions （排放）of planet-warming greenhouse gases arenot seen as enough to prevent the Earth heating up beyond 2 . C this century - a point scientists say will bring the danger of a changeable

10、 climate in which weather extremes are common, leading to drought, floods, crop failures and rising sea levels.What is the key information the author wants to give in Paragraph 1?Plants reaction to weather could have damaging effects on ecosystems.The increasing speed of flowering is beyond scientis

11、ts expectation.Climate change leads to the change of food production patterns.Food chains have been seriously damaged because of weather.W can learn from the study published on the Nature website thatplants flowering is 8.5 times faster than leafingthere are 1,634 plant species on the four continent

12、sscientists should improve the design of the experimentsthe experiments failed to predict how plants react to climate changeScientists pay special attention to the study of plants because.they can prove the climate change clearlythey are very important in the food chainsthey play a leading role in r

13、educing global warmingthey are growing and flowering much faster than beforeWhat can be inferred from the last two paragraphs about the worlds temperature? A. It has risen nearly 0.2C since 1979Its change will lead to weather extremes.It is 0.8C higher in 1979 than that of 1900.It needs to be contro

14、lled within in this century.【考點(diǎn)】環(huán)境保護(hù)一科普文【文章大意】花兒比以前開得更快了，這遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超越了科學(xué)家的預(yù)言。全球變暖已經(jīng)成了我們必須面對(duì)的一個(gè)事實(shí)，由此而導(dǎo)致的異常天氣也不再是科學(xué)雜志_L的新聞了.太可怕了！5一【答案】B【成題解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)文章第一句前半句；Plants are fov.-ering faster tlian /.ists predicted （預(yù)測(cè)in reacrion to cJniate change 可知答案 B 符合文意.招.【答案】C【試題解析】推理判斷題-根據(jù)第五段It found thax som? experiment

15、s riad underestitnared 低 估the speed of flowering by 8.5 times and leafing by 4 time和第七般 The design of fiiture experiments may need to be improved lo belter preset how plants N二 rear: to clmate change, it 福社可以推知，答案C符合文意, 即：科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)的模式已經(jīng)落后了事情的現(xiàn)實(shí)發(fā)展，故應(yīng)該 改善n59“答案】B【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第三盤的開頭工Plants are neceiiar

16、:.- for life on the Earth They ar? ths bae of ths food chain, using phoco-Tithesis （光合作用）to produce sugar from carbon dioxide and,凱式可知答案B符合文意口60.【答案】D【試題解析】推理判斷題口根據(jù)文章的最后兩段，我們看到全球其他溫室排放所導(dǎo)致全球 氣溫升高，繼而導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重的、異常的天氣變化，由此可以推斷出，本世紀(jì)這種氣溫升高的情 而一定要得以控制才行.故答案D符合文意.【難度】一般長難句解析】So far： efforts to cut emissions 排放of

17、 planet-wmin5 greens 、- gases are not seen. as enough to prent th? Earth heating up bevond 2 C this cnrur - a pomt sciemr: sav wil； bring the danger of a changeable cjmate in 言此由earlier extretii： are commoii fading to drought, floods, crop failures and rising sea ：ei旌目前為止，夠少導(dǎo)致地球澧暖的溫室氣體排 放的努力并沒有阻止地球本

18、世紀(jì)升高二攝氏度的事實(shí).科學(xué)家們這個(gè)點(diǎn)將會(huì)給全球變化的氣 候帶來危險(xiǎn)，極端天氣已經(jīng)很普遍了，如：干旱、洪澇，農(nóng)作物減產(chǎn)以及海平面升高等等. in vich=vhere引導(dǎo)定語從句，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，修飾先行詞a changeable cjmatf.leading to現(xiàn)在分詞做結(jié)果狀語，和句子主語 a point邏輯上構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系。鏈接2.（2012浙江卷）Easter（復(fù)活節(jié) ）is still a great day for worship, randy in baskets and running around the yard finding eggs, but every year

19、 it gets quite a bit worse for bunnies.And no, not because the kids like to pull their ears. The culprit is climate change, and some researchers found that rising temperatures arc having harmful effects on at least five species of rabbit in the US.Take the Lower Keys March rabbit, for instance. An e

20、ndangered species that livesin the Lower Florida Keys, this species of cottontail is a great swimmer- it liveson the islands! but it is already severely affected by development and now by rising levels. According to the Center for Biological Diversity, an ocean level rise of only 0. 6 meters will se

21、nd these guys jumping to higher ground and a 0.9-meter rise would wipe out their habitat （ 棲息地）completely.The snowshoe hare, on the other hand, has a color issue. Most of these rabbits change their fur color from white in the wintertime to brown in the summer, each designed to give them better cover

22、 from predators（捕食者） .As the number of dayswith snow decreases all across the country, however, more and more bunnies arc being left in white fur during brown dirt days of both fall and spring, making them an easier mark for predators. Researchers know that the color change is controlled by the numb

23、er of hours of sunlight, but whether the rabbit will be able to adapt quick enough to survive is a big question. The National Wildlife Federation has reported that hunters have noticed their numbers are already markedly down.American pikas or rock rabbits, a relative of rabbits and hares, might be t

24、he firs of these species to go extinct due to climate change. About 7-8 inches long, pikas live high in the cool, damp mountains west of the Rocky Mountains. As global temperatures rise, they would naturally migrate （遷徙）to higher ground - but theyalready occupy the mountaintops. They cant go any hig

25、her. The National Wildlife Federation reports that they might not be able to stand the new temperatures as their habitat beats up.The volcano rabbit has the same problem. These rabbits live on the slopes of volcanoes in Mexico, and recent studies have shown that the lower range of their habitat has

26、already shifted upward about 700 meters, but there are not suitable plants for them to move higher, so they are stuck in the middle. Scientists are concerned about their populations.Native to the US, pygmy rabbits weigh less than 1 pound and live in the American West. They are believed to be the sma

27、llest rabbits in the world. Their habitats have been destroyed by development. Several populations, such as the Columbia Basin pygmy, almost went extinct and were saved by zoo breeding programs. Pygmy rabbits also rely on winter cover by digging tunnels through the snow to escape predators, but less

28、er snowfall is leaving them exposed.All of this gives new meaning to dressing up in a giant bunny costume this Easter. 41 The writer mentions Easter at the beginning of the passage in order to. A. show the importance of Easter Day B. introduce the issue about bunnies C. remind people of Easter tradi

29、tions D. discuss the relationship between Easter and bunniesThe word culprit （ Paragraph 2） is closest in meaning to.A. criminal B. judgeC. victimD. producerAccording to the passage, some rabbits can now be easily Uncovered by predators because theyare exposed lo more skillful huntershave moved to h

30、abitats with fewer plantshavent adapted themselves to climate changecant change their fur color into white in the fall and the springThe problem faced by volcano rabbets and rock rabbits is that.A. both are affected by less snowB. both are affected by rising sea levelsC neither can find enough food0

31、. neither can migrate to higher places45 Which best describes the writers tone in the postage?A. Approving.B. Concerned. C. Enthusiastic. D. Doubtful.【考點(diǎn)】日常生活類一環(huán)境話題小品文【文章大意】每年復(fù)活節(jié)可愛兔子給大家?guī)砹硕嗌贇g樂，然而隨著全球溫暖趨勢(shì)的加劇， 這種給我們帶來的喻悅兔子也不可避免地受到了一定的直響.不同的將來，復(fù)活節(jié)上兔子的 服飾也會(huì)因此而有所變化.41【答案】B【試題解析】目的意圖題,根據(jù)第一梟在全文中的作用可以看出，本國王

32、要目的是導(dǎo)入 主題，即工關(guān)于兔子的問題.42【答案】A1試題解析】詞義猜測(cè)題口根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句后半句：bu: ?ry ear it a bit worse for hunn心一和第二段的第一句：And no, nor because the ki由:丘 to pull eir tars.可知 答案&罪過，符合文意.43【答案】C【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題-根據(jù)第三盤的整體理解和倒數(shù)第二句bur v/aether the rabbit v/l； be心上 to adapt quick enough to survive is a big qu-tim的總結(jié)，可知答某 C 符合又意口44“答案】

33、D【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題電根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第三段的第三句they V.ou：dnatura二y migrat; 遷徙j to higher ground - bitt they steady occupy mountaintop哀 They 匚也：go arr, higher和倍J藪第 二段第二句的后半部分bm ther? are net suitable plan:s for them to move也的之匚可知，枚誓案D 符合文意.45【答案】B【試題解析】作者態(tài)度題.根據(jù)文章的整體理解，可知推斷出作者對(duì)龜子這一問題很是關(guān)切concerned b故答案E符合文意.Approfkig贊同Kh E

34、nhum回太熱情的；Doub:配質(zhì)疑的， 均不符合百境，故排除.【難度】一般【長難句解析】Most of these rabbits change their fur color from white in the wintertimeto brown in the summer, each designed to give them better cover from predators（捕食者）。大多數(shù)這種兔子會(huì)把冬天時(shí)的白色皮毛變成夏季的棕色，每一種顏色的變化是為了讓 他們更好地避免捕食者的發(fā)現(xiàn)。Designed是非謂語，與其邏輯主語each構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過去分詞作狀語。此外由于ea

35、ch和句子主語 most of these rabbits 不是同一事物，因此這種非謂語結(jié)構(gòu)在語法上被稱之為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練 Britain s largest companies are promising to offer greener products and invest in research and technology as part of a wider push to reduce carbon emissions .Eighteen of Britains top companies, including carmakers, airlines, retailers

36、 and banks, are publishing a report on Monday, in which they promise to develop new products and services that allow customers to cut their carbon emissions. The report is also intended to send a message to companies around the world to make fighting climate change a higher priority.This requires ur

37、gent action, and the sooner we do it, the better and the cheaper it will be, said Ben Verwaayen, chief executive of BT and chairman of the task force group that produced the report. It s members employ two million people worldwideand have more than 1 trillion in income.The report is a result of Brit

38、ish businesses addressing issues raised by theStern Review , a study commissioned by the British government and published last year on the economic impact of global warming . The review , led by the government s top economist, Nicholas Stern ,concluded that spending about one percent of global gross

39、 product in reducing emissions today would avoid having to spend about five to twenty percent-in the future.Monday s report says that the responsibility to cut emissions lies with consumers, who through their purchases contribute to sixty percent of Britain s emissions, with companies , which can cu

40、t emissions by offering greener products, and with the government , which should use tax cuts as a great encouragement for consumers to cut emissions.The underlined word “urgent in the third paragraph can be replaced by ”. A. extreme B. important C. immediate D. unbelievableFrom the passage , we can

41、 learn that.Britains largest companies want to prevent global warmingreducing carbon emissions has nothing to do with consumerscarmakers don t want to reduce carbon emissionsBen Verwaayen thinks it unnecessary to reduce carbon emissions3.According to the passage, which of the following statements ab

42、out Nicholas Stem is TRUE?He is one of the best economists in the British Government .He is the author of the famous book Stern, Review.He suggests spending ten percent of global gross products in reducing emissions.he is the first person in Britain to call on people to reduce emissions.Where is thi

43、s passage most probably taken from ? A. Novel B. Instruction C. Newspaper D. AdvertisementWhat should be the best title of this passage ?A. The sooner, the cheaper. B. British firms urge action on climate change.C. A report on global warming.D. How to reduce carbon emissions.The d苫七力pwd world 由oid t

44、ake responsibilitL for climate ch七一rather Lan onX ;.omt out that Chinas greenhouse gai emissions are 口即口g： Chinese Foreign Minister Yang J3echi said at a press conference.Yana told reporters tliat China s d- aMta emission of gr亡unhouseis less an onf thirdthe av之ra養(yǎng) of developed countne；. There is on

45、e person who eats 二:ltue pieces cf bt jd for breakfast and th& are three people, ach of whom eats only one piece. Whj should be on a diet? he said. If per capita energy burmng up is necessar- according to :he pnnciple that people ar; all bom equal, en 1 don t think some peopls are1 right in ulkmg ab

46、nut the large tmissions of Clhna. as if they ha-e the moral high ground.China1 s greenhouse gas output h” increased in recent years ai its largely co al-powered economy has expanded at a speed of mor; than trn perc;nt: and it new is toget? with e Vailed States the world-s biggest emitter.China has a

47、 population of more than 1.3 billion people, compared with around300 million in the United States.China s emission of greenhouse gases is large.This is because China has the largest population in the world, but China s per capita emission level is very low,“ Yang said. He also repeated China s long

48、-held opinion that developed countries are mainly responsible for the climate change problem.“Climate chang e is mainly due to the long-term emissions by developed countries in the past and their current high per capita level of emissions, Yang said.Yang also pointed out that a large part of China s

49、 emissions was the resultof products that finally are bought by consumers in Western countries, leading to what he named atransferemission .I hope when people use high -quality andinexpensive Chinese products, they will also remember that China is under increasing pressure of transfer emission, he s

50、aid.What is Yang Jiechi s opinion about greenhouse gas emissions?China should be the first to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.The developed world should reduce greenhouse gas emissions.The developing vorld needn-t reduce greenhouse gas emiiiions.D Developing countriei should reduce their popuLaaon.工

51、 The underined word -per capita in the second paragraph can bf rep；ictd by :A. average B. private C. public D. socialAccording to Yang Jiechi: e mam reason for cdtnats change is thatChina-s laxg&ly coal-poweied economy lias uipandedthe world-s population is becoming larger and largerdeveloped countr

52、ies a huge amoiuit of greenhouie gasesthern are more cars, trucks and factories in the worldV*haT can we learn about China from the passage?A, Its products are mainly exponed to Asia and Africa.B Its per capita ttnission level is the lowest in the v/orliIrs popul3：ion as three times as aj that of th

53、e US.Its coaL-powered indusTr- is deve；oping fast.This passage probably taken from.A. text book B. tra el book C. magazine D.CEnvironment ministers from 180 countries will start trying to rescue the Kyoto treaty on global warming shortly. They join their officials who have been meeting all the week

54、in the German city of Bonn.The 1997 Kyoto agreement commits industrialized countries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions . The protocol（ 議定書）was undermined in a major way in March when US President George W. Bush said it would weaken Americas economy.Its BeethoVen who overlooks the town square here a

55、nd its unlikelythat hellhave to give up his place to an monument celebrating a conference, which will stop global warming. Ministers from over 180 countries have already agreed to global cuts in emissions of greenhouse gasses five percent below the 1990 levels. But here they must decide how this wil

56、l be achieved, Since George Bush pulled out of the deal, the argument is between Japan and Europe. The Japanese Want flexible roles allowing them to plant more trees in place of steep cuts in pollution and weaker penalties for missing targets. Europe doesnt like it, but really wants a deal.Jan Pronk

57、, Conference Chairman, Said, When I came to Bonn, I was a bit pessimistic, given many political statements, which were madeduring the last couple of weeks, that perhaps it would not be possible to reach an agreement. However, I have the impression that it is possible to reach a result. If all the co

58、untries gathering here fail to reach an agreement in the next few days, it wont be the end of Kyoto, but it will be a failure, a failure to put national differences aside to resolve a problem, which the whole world, even the Americans agree, is a growing the threat to our planet.The main purpose of

59、the text is to tell usthe whole world is concerned about warming globalan argument between Japan and Europe about the issue of pollutionthe race is on to save Kyoto climate treatycountries have different attitudes towards Kyoto treatyFrom the first two paragraphs, we know that.the officials from 180

60、 countries have stayed in Bonn for several weeksAmerican broke the agreement by polluting the oceansthe 1997 Kyoto treaty asked all the countries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions D. the environment ministers from 180 countries will meet in Bonn to rescue theKyoto treaty on global warmingFrom the t