高考英語精選備考題庫系列含詳解閱讀理解一

1、2012高考英語精選備考題庫系列（含詳解）閱讀理解（一） 備戰(zhàn)2012高考，精選閱讀200篇，適合高三上學(xué)期使用，希望對大家有幫助。（2011年8月）Do American children still learn handwriting in school? In the age of the keyboard, some people seem to think handwriting lessonsare on the way out. 90% of teachers say they are required to teach handwriting. But studies have

2、 yet to answer the question of how well they are teaching it. One study published this year found that about three out of every four teachers say they are not prepared to teach handwriting. Some teachers are teaching handwriting by providing instruction for 1015 minutes a day, and then other teacher

3、s who basically teachit for 60 to 70 minutes a day which really for handwriting is pretty much.Many adults remember learning that way by copying letters over and over again. Today s thinking is that short periods of practice are better. Many experts also think handwriting should not be taught by its

4、elf. Instead, they say it should be used as a way to get students to express ideas. After all, that is why we write.Handwriting involves two skills. One is legibility, which means forming the letters so they can be read. The other is fluency writing without having to think about it. Fluency continue

5、s to develop up until high school.But not everyone masters these skills. Teachers commonly report that about one fourth of their kids have poor handwriting. Some people might think handwriting is not important any more because of computers and voice recognition programs.But Steve Graham at Vanderbil

6、t says word processing is rarely done in elementary school, especially in the early years. American children traditionally first learn to print, and then to write in cursive, which connects the letters. But guess what we learned from a spokeswoman for the College Board, which administers the SAT col

7、lege admission test. More than 75 percent of students choose to print their essay on the test rather than write in cursive.語篇解讀文章介紹了在鍵盤普及的年代美國的書法教學(xué)情況。We can learn from Paragraph 1.teaching handwriting is a basic requirement in teaching jobmost teachers prefer to teach handwritingteachers spend littl

8、e time in teaching handwritinga keyboard has taken the place of the handwriting entirely解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“90% of teachers say they are required to teachhandwriting司知書法教學(xué)是基本的教學(xué)要求，A項為正確推論。根據(jù) Onestudy publishedthis year found that about three out of every four teachers say they are not prepared to teach h

9、andwriting司知，很多老師不愿意教書法課，B項錯誤；根據(jù)第一段末句可知 C項錯誤；根據(jù)全段判斷，只是說鍵盤普及使一些人認為書法漸漸過時了，D項錯誤。答案AWhich of the following is WRONG for traditional handwriting in the USA?The students are taught by practicing a long period.The letters are repeated many times.Handwriting includes two skills.To write in cursive is taugh

10、t first.解析細節(jié)認定題。根據(jù)第二段可知，傳統(tǒng)的書法教學(xué)重復(fù)很多遍并且持續(xù)時間長，因 此A、B兩項內(nèi)容正確。根據(jù)第三段第一句可知C項內(nèi)容正確；根據(jù)最后一段第二句可知D項內(nèi)容錯誤。答案DThe underlined word a legibility in Paragraph 3 means.A. easy to readB. complexC. unexpectedD. unreadable解析 推測詞義題。根據(jù)下文 “which means forming the letters so they can be read可推 測畫線詞的意思是精楚，易讀答案AThe best title

11、for the passage is.How to improve handwriting in schoolRight or wrong: the death of handwritingHandwriting involves two skillsHandwriting lessons are on the way out解析標(biāo)題歸納題。作者對美國書法教學(xué)的現(xiàn)狀作了敘述，沒有自己的主觀評論，故選 擇Bo A項沒有涉及，C項只是其中一部分內(nèi)容，D項只是一部分人的觀點。答案BThe author s attitude towards whether still to learn handwri

12、ting in school isA. negativeB. objectiveC. criticalD. optimistic解析態(tài)度判斷題。根據(jù)全文的敘述，作者只是將美國書法教學(xué)的現(xiàn)狀和不同人的觀點呈現(xiàn)出來，并沒有發(fā)表自己的見解，因此作者持客觀的態(tài)度。答案B長難句解讀 One study published this year found that about three out of every fourteachers say they are not prepared to teach handwriting. 今年公布的 項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，大約每四 個教師中就有三個說他們不準(zhǔn)備教書法了。

13、published this year為過去分詞短語作后置定語, found后面為賓語從句，其中又含有一個賓語從句 they are not prepared to teach handwriting 。BSaturday, October 7th, was a marathon of sad tasks for Anna Politkovskaya. Twoweeks earlier, her father, a retired official in the department of foreign affairs, had diedof a heart attack as he eme

14、rged from the Moscow Metro while on his way to visit Politkovskaya s mother, RaisaMazepa,in the hospital. She had justbeendiagnosed（ 診斷）with cancer and was too weak even to attend her husband s funeral.“Your father will forgive me, because he knows that I have always loved him, shetold Anna and her

15、sister, Elena Kudimova, the day he was buried. A week later, shehad an operation and since then Anna and Elena had been taking turns helping her deal with her grief.Politkovskaya was supposed to spend the day at the hospital, but her twenty-six-year- old daughter, who was pregnant, had just moved in

16、to Politkovskaya sapartment, on Lesnaya Street, while her own place was being prepared for the baby.“Anna had so much on her mind, Elena Kudimova told me when we met in London, before Christmas.And she was trying to finish her article. Politkovskaya was aspecial reporter for the small newspaper Nova

17、ya Gazeta, and, like most of her work, the piece focused on the terror that can be seen all over the southern republicofChechnya. This time, she had been trying to report repeatedcruel acts done bypeople faithful to the Prime Minister, Ramzan Kadyrov, who are in favour of Russia. In the past seven y

18、ears, Politkovskaya had written dozens of accounts of life during wartime; many had been collected in her book “A Small Corner of Hell: reports fromChechnya. Politkovskaya was far more likely to spend time in a hospital than on a battlefield, and her writing bore frequent witness to robbery, and the

19、 uncontrolled cruelty of life in a place that few other Russians and almost no other reporters - cared to think about.Politkovskaya s father died of.A. tirednessB. a heart diseaseC. an attackD. an accident【答案與解析】答案 Bo從第2句中的“had died of a heart attack可知B選項是正確答案。C選項attack是 攻擊”的意思，而文中出現(xiàn)的是 heart attack

20、,心臟病”，因此C選 項偷換了概念；其他選項與文中相關(guān)的表述不相干。From the text we know that Raisa Mazepa.didn t love her husbanddidn t attend her husband s funeralwas having an operation the day her husband was buriedwas too sad to attend her husband s funeral【答案與解析】答案 B。從3、4、5三句可知B選項是正確選項，其他三個選項與文中的表述 不一致。The underlined word “em

21、erged most likely means.A. came outB. went intoC. disappearedD. left for【答案與解析】答案A。介詞from”表示動作的出處、來源，而后面的介詞賓語是“the MoscowMetro,可知Moscow Metro 是emerged”這一動作的起源地，因此，A選項符合原文的意思。How many family members of Anna are mentioned in the passage?A. Three.B. FourC. FiveD. Six【答案與解析】4.答案Co文中提到Politkovskaya姐妹倆，以及

22、她的父母、女兒。Which of the following words can best describe Politkovskaya s character?A. CuriousB. easy-going C. carelessD. responsible【答案與解析】 答案 Do 從 Politkovskaya was a special reporter for the small newspaper Novaya Gazeta ，”一直到文章的結(jié)尾，作者簡述了Politkovskaya 敢于直面社會的不良現(xiàn)象的正值性格，而這是其他記者所不屑的，因此D選項是正確答案。A Southam

23、pton University team found that people who were vegetarians by 30 had recorded five IQ points higher on average at the age of 10. Researchers said it could explain why people with a higher IQ were healthier as a vegetarian diet was linked to lower heart disease and obesity rates. The study of 8,179

24、people was reported in the British MedicalJournal.Twenty years after the IQ tests were carried out in 1970, 366 of the participants said they were vegetarians although more than 100 reported eating either fish or chicken.Men who were vegetarians had an IQ score of 106, compared with 101 for non-vege

25、tarians; while female vegetarians averaged 104, compared with 99 for non-vegetarians. There was no difference in the IQ scores, between strict vegetarians and those who said they were vegetarians but reported eating fish or chicken.Researchers said the findings were partly related to better educatio

26、n and higher class, but it remained statistically significant after adjusting for these factors.Vegetarians were more likely to be female, to be of higher social class and to have higher academic or vocational qualifications than non-vegetarians. However, these differences were not reflected in thei

27、r annual income, which was similar to that of non-vegetarians.Lead researcher Catharine Gale said,“ The findings that children with greater intelligenceare more likely to report being vegetarians as adults, together with the evidence on the potential benefits of a vegetarian diet on heart health, ma

28、y help to explain why a higher IQ in childhood or adolescence is linked with a reduced risk of coronary heart disease in adult life.But Dr Frankie Phillips of the British Dietetic Association said ,佗 is like the chicken -and egg. Do people become vegetarians because they have a very high IQ or is it

29、 just that they are clever enough to be more aware of health issues?語篇解讀研究表明，素食和高智商有一定的關(guān)系。What s the result of the research mentioned in the text?Intelligent children are more likely to become vegetarians later in life.Children with a higher IQ are less likely to have heart disease later in life.Int

30、elligent children tend to belong to higher social class later in life.Children with a healthier heart tend to have a higher IQ later in life.解析 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的people who were vegetarians by 30 had recordedfive IQ points higher on average at the age of 10 可知 A 項正確。根據(jù) it could explain why. ” 可知這一結(jié)果可幫助解釋

31、B項中的現(xiàn)象，但 B項并非這次研究的結(jié)果。故本題選Ao答案AIt was found in the research that.most of the participants became vegetarians 20 years after the IQ tests were carried outvegetarians who ate fish or chicken were of similar intelligence with strict vegetariansfemale vegetarians were more likely to have higher annual in

32、come than non-vegetariansvegetarians were more likely to have higher annual income than non-vegetarians解析 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的There was no difference in the IQ scores betweenstrict vegetarians and those who said they were vegetarians but reported eating fish or chicken可知答案。答案BCatharine Gale talked about“ b

33、eing vegetarians “ in a(n)way.A. doubtfulB. favorableC. negativeD. objective解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段可知Catharine Gale只是客觀地講述研究結(jié)果，并沒有 表示自己的立場。故選 D項。答案DWhat does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean?Intelligence is linked to not just being a vegetarian but to many factors.The rate of getting heart d

34、isease is linked to your lifestyle.The link between a high IQ and being a vegetarian is still uncertain.The link between a healthy heart and diet remains to be proved.解析推理判斷題。文章最后一句的意思是：人們成為素食者是因為他們智商高還是因 為他們足夠聰明而更注意健康問題？由此可見 Dr Frankie Phillips認為素食和高智商的因果 關(guān)系尚未明確，就像弄不清楚是因為有蛋才有雞，還是因為有雞才有蛋一樣。故C項正確。答案C

35、What s the best title for the text?Get more IQ points!Be a vegetarian, please!Vegetarian diet cuts heart riskA high IQ is linked to being a vegetarian解析標(biāo)題概括題。本文介紹了一項研究結(jié)果：素食與高智商有關(guān)，故 D項正確。作 者并未提出建議，所以A、B兩項錯誤；文章中雖然提到了心臟病，但不是文章的主旨，故 C項錯誤。答案D長難句解讀(1) A Southampton University team found that people who we

36、re vegetarians by 30 had recorded five IQ points higher on average at the age of 10.本句是含有定語從句的復(fù)合句。who were vegetarians by 30是定語從句，修飾先行詞people。(2)There was no difference in the IQ scores between strict vegetarians and those who said they were vegetarians but reported eating fish or chicken.There was

37、no difference in the IQ scores between strict vegetarians and those 是主句, who said they were vegetarians but reported eating fish or chicken 是定語從句, 修飾先行詞those4)Most mornings, the line begins to form at dawn: scores of silent women with babies on their backs, buckets balanced on their heads, and in ea

38、ch hand a bright-blue plastic jug. On good days, they will wait less than an hour before a water tanker goes across the dirt path that serves as a road in Kesum Purbahari, a slum on the southern edge of New Delhi. On bad days, when there is no electricity for the pumps, the tankers don come at all.

39、Thatwater kills people, “ a young mother named Shoba said one recent Saturday morning, pointing to a row of pails filled with thick, caramel (焦糖)-colored liquid. Whoever drinks it will die. The water was from a pipe shared by thousands of people in the poor neibourhood. Women often use it to wash cl

40、othes and bathe their children, but nobody is desperate enough to drink it.There is no standard for how much water a person needs each day, but experts usually put the minimum at fifty litres. The government of India promises (but rarely provides) forty. Most people drink two or three litres less th

41、an it takes to wash a toilet. The rest is typically used for cooking and bathing. Americans consume between four hundred and six hundred litres of water each day, more than any other people on earth. Most Europeans use less than half that. The women of Kesum Purbahari each hoped to drag away a hundr

42、ed litres that daytwo or three buckets worth. Shoba has a husband and five children, and that much water doesn t go far in a family of seven, particularly when the temperature reaches a hundred and ten degrees before noon. She often makes up the difference with bottled water, which costs more than w

43、ater delivered any other way. Sometimes she just buys milk; it s cheaper. Like thepoorest people everywhere, the people of New Delhi s slums spend a far greater percentage of their incomes on water than anyone lucky enough to live in a house connected to a system of pipes.The underlined word slum mo

44、st likely means.A. a village B. a small town C. an area of a town with badly-built, over-crowded buildingsD. the part of a town that lacks water badly【答案與解析】答案 Co A、B、D可以指貧窮地區(qū)，也可以指富裕地區(qū)，但根據(jù)第的第2句及第2段的最后一句可以知道slum指的更可能是貧窮地區(qū)，C選項比較接近這個意思，因此應(yīng)該是最佳答案。Sometimes the water tanker doesn t come because.the weath

45、er is badthere is no electricitythere is no waterpeople don t want the dirty water【答案與解析】 答案 B。根據(jù)第 1 段的 On bad days, when there is no electricity for the pumps, the tankers don t come at all.可以知道 B選項是正確答案。A person needs at least litres of water a day.A. a hundredB. four hundredC. fortyD. fifty【答案與解析

46、】 答案 D。根據(jù)第 2 段的“but experts usually put the minimum at fifty litres下T以知道D選項是正確答案。Which of the following statements is wrong?a hundred litres of water a day is enough for Shoba s familyAmericans uses the largest amount of water each dayin Kesum Purbahari milk is cheaper than bottled waterShoba has a

47、family of seven people【答案與解析】 答案A。根據(jù)第2段的Shoba has a husband and five children, and that much water doesn t go far in a family of seven, particularly when the temperaturereaches a hundred and ten degrees before noon.可以判斷 A 選項不符合文意，而其他選項均可在文中找到支持信息。The passage mainly tells us.how women in Kesum Purbah

48、ari gets their waterhow much water a day a person deedsthat India lacks water badlyhow India government manages to solve the problem of water【答案與解析】答案 Co該題是判斷主旨大意題。第 2段第2句是該文的主題句，C選 項與主題句的意思一致，因此是正確選項。A、B選項是細節(jié)信息，用于村托印度缺水的現(xiàn)象；D選項則完全與文章的意思相反，因此均可排除。We bet that on cold wintry days, many of you love to s

49、tay in your warm home and, every now and then , come out into the kitchen for a snack. Unfortunately, plenty of creepy-crawly critters （爬行生物）like to do the same thing!Winter is the time when bugs （ 蟲子）invade your house without an invitation. The season can be tough for such creatures. In winter the

50、air is cold, the ground is hard and many trees have no leaves. So bugs do what they have to do to survive.Monarch butterflies head south to warmer climates. Ants crowd in deep underground colonies and eat food they have been storing all year. Many insects go into a deep sleep called diapauses. There

51、 re different kinds of diapauses, but all are similar to hibernation, a time when bigger animals become inactive in the cold. Insects go into an inactive period, too, but it often isn t when the tempure drops.They rely on more dependable signals in the environment. For example, many insects can tell

52、 how much sunlight there s each day. They use that to tell themselves when to shut down. Bugs are cold-blooded, meaning that their inside temperature is the same as the outside. They can t move much when it gets below 40 degrees Fahrenheit. So they search for any warm place.They re looking for prote

53、ction. These guys have been doing this for 300 million years, so they don t really know they g retcoyKiiiuir house. The home is a recent event in terms of their evolutionary behavior. They enter through tiny cracks or come in unnoticed on yourclothes or shoes. Remember that they may be invading your

54、 homes for warmth and food, butthey dont care abohumans.語篇解讀本文主要介紹的是：為什么蟲子在冬天會入侵人類住所。What is the purpose of the first paragraph?To point out that humans like to stay at home in winter.To mean that humans and bugs have the same living habits.To mean that bugs will invade humans housewiotetti eiTo put

55、 forward the idea that bugs are not welcome in winter.解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段可知，蟲子和人類一樣，也會喜歡待在溫暖的屋里, 再結(jié)合文章的后面幾段可知，本段暗示蟲子在冬天會入侵人類住所。答案CAccording to the text, what is diapauses?It is the same as the animals hibernation.It often appears in warm areas all the year.It is done to keep bugs active in winter.It is

56、a deep sleep similar to hibernation.解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段可知答案為Do答案DWhat often decides bugs diapauses?The lower local temperature.The amount of sunlight.Kinds of environmental signals.The insects inside temperature.解析 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段的Theyrely on more dependable signals in theenvironment可知，蟲子的diapauses由多種環(huán)境可依

57、賴性因素決定的，不一定全靠溫度或者光照。答案CAccording to the text, bugs invade humans homes to_attack humanslook for enough foodseek for protectionshow their evolutionary results解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段可知，蟲子進屋是為了尋求保護，把自己置身于 安全形勢之下，而不僅僅是為了尋求食物。答案CWhat would be the best title for the text?Bugs life on cold wintry daysWhy do bugs

58、invade your home in winter?Good relations between humans and bugsWhat does diapauses mean?解析標(biāo)題概括題。整篇文章主要告訴讀者的是：在冬天里，為什么蟲子會入侵人類的 住所。答案B長難句解讀(1)There reifferent kinds of diapauses, but all are similar to hibernation ， a time when bigger animals become inactive in the cold.此句是but連接的并列復(fù)合句，but后的部分中a time

59、 hibernation的同位語，而且后面接了 when引導(dǎo)的定語從句。(2)Bugs are cold-blooded, meaning that their inside temperature is the same as the outside.句中的 meaning相當(dāng)于 which means; meaning后接that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，在此賓語從句中含有 the same as結(jié)構(gòu)。One day last September, as Britney Spears was about to board a flight to LosAngeles from London, a b

60、lue bottle fell out of her purse. She quickly put it back in, but not before the camera recorded the event. Neither Spears nor her spokesman was willing to comment on the contents of the bottle, but the next morning London s DailyExpress published a page of pictures under the headline “EXCLUSIVE: PO