2015年8月30日托福考試機(jī)經(jīng)預(yù)測(cè)逆天版小范圍

1、1、Do you agree or disagree with the following sement ? The advice from the grandparents is of no use to their grandchildren because the world has changed a lot over the past 50 years.2、Do you agree or disagree with the following sement: It is more likely for people with more skills to succeed.3、Do y

2、ou agree or disagree with the following sement?After high school, students should have a least one year to work or travel bettern goto study on university.4、Do you agree or disagree with the following sement: Your job has more effect on yourhappinessn your living environment.5、Do you agree or disagr

3、ee with the following sement: The most important investment of a company is to improve the skills of its employees.6、Do you agree or disagree with the following sement?Movies andevihave more negative effectsnitive effects on young people.7、Do you agree or disagree with the following sement: Patience

4、 is usually not a goodstrategy. We should take action now rathern later.8、Do you agree or disagree with the following sement? Some people think childrenshould study and play, otheople think children should help with household chores.9、Do you agree or disagree with the following sement: People can so

5、lve important problems by themselves or with the help from their family members so theres no needfor theernment to help them.10、Do you agree or disagree with the following sement: People who go outside are moresucsful and happiern people who stay in villages.11、Do you agree or disagree with the foll

6、owing sement: Working at home using he puters orephones is bettern working12、Do you agree or disagree with the following sement?Life is easier and more comfortable today rathern the days when your grandparentswere children13、Do you agree or disagree with the following sement ? Two people can stillef

7、riends if one of them has more moneyn the other one does.14、Do you agree or disagree with the following sement?Teachers should be paid paid.east as much as lawyers, doctors, and business leaders are15、It is important to know events happening around the world, though sometimes they will not affect yo

8、ur daily life.16、Do you agree or disagree with the following sement: People who keep their rooms neatandanized are more sucsfuln those who do not.17、Some people have ambitious dreams and keep following them, but otheople alwaysfocus on realistic goals and try to achieve them. Which do you think is b

9、etter? Why?18、Do you agree or disagree with the following sement: Newsp the best ways to learn about a foreign country.rs and magazines are19、Do you agree or disagree with the following sement: Parents should allow children to make mistakes and let them learn from their own mistakes.20、Do you agree

10、or disagree with the following sement: Technology has made childrenless creativen children werehe past.21、Do you agree or disagree with the following sement: Theernment should supportscientific researcht does nove any practical use.22、Do you agree or disagree with the following sement? It is much ea

11、sier for people toachieve sucs without their family members help nownhe past.23、Do you agree or disagree with the following sement?People are happier when they have prere (or competition)heir jobs andschoolworkn when they have easy work?24、Do you agree or disagree with the following sement? For sucs

12、ful development of acountry, should aernment focus its budget more on very young children educationrathern on universities?25、Do you agree or disagree with the following sement? For sucsful development of acountry, should aernment focus its budget more on very young children educationrathern on univ

13、ersities?26、Do you agree or disagree with the following s to study or learn new things as it is for youngement? It is as important for old eople.eople27、Do you agree or disagree with the following sement? It is more important to keep oldfriendsn to make new friends.28、Do you agree or disagreet teach

14、ers now have greater influence on studentsn theyhadhe past.29、Do you agree or disagree with the following sement: Most business people are motivated by the desire for money.30、Do you agree or disagree with the following sement: Most business people are motivated by the desire for money.(automobile)

15、has had a greater effect on society the airplane.n小馬機(jī)經(jīng)8 月 30 日逆天版綜合寫作1、Topic 議題：一種 giant bird 因?yàn)樘蠖w了Reading 不會(huì)飛：是還會(huì)飛還是演化過(guò)程中不會(huì)1、鳥(niǎo)的翅膀太大，起飛上天長(zhǎng)時(shí)間揮動(dòng)翅膀也很，因?yàn)闀?huì)打到旁邊的東西；2、鳥(niǎo)的肌力，即使飛；3、鳥(niǎo)太大沒(méi)有可以吃他們的捕食者，捕食物沒(méi)有意義所以沒(méi)有被給予這種能力Listening 會(huì)飛1、鳥(niǎo)可以借助 running start，先跑一會(huì)，在山上跑著跑著再起飛就不會(huì)撞到，而且山上也發(fā)現(xiàn)力此類鳥(niǎo)到化石；2、鳥(niǎo)不需要長(zhǎng)時(shí)間揮動(dòng)翅膀，鳥(niǎo)可以盤旋比如鷹這樣

16、到大鳥(niǎo)就可以盤旋來(lái)保持飛行；3、這個(gè)鳥(niǎo)是吃腐爛小動(dòng)物，飛行有利于捕食物，可以吃遠(yuǎn)方的動(dòng)物死尸要去更大的空間捕食，飛行可以讓他去更遠(yuǎn)更容易發(fā)現(xiàn)食物2、 Topic 議題在 San Francisco 和 Los Angeles 之間修建高鐵 high-speed rail linesReading 三個(gè)好處：1、減少交通費(fèi)用。因?yàn)槲鞑抗钒嘿F，建立軌道交通后會(huì)減少破壞；2、緩解交通擁堵。建設(shè)之后人們會(huì)選擇軌道交通出行；3、有利于環(huán)境。 One of the most environmentally friendly form of transporionListening 反駁：1、新建費(fèi)用更高

17、，需要借錢去修建 borrow 100 million 相當(dāng)于年收入的 75% 償還很艱難；2、人們選擇什么交通方式取決于其方便程度。系統(tǒng)發(fā)達(dá)去車站很方便，但西海岸不方便，火車站都在 urban，人東海岸們?nèi)ボ囌静环奖?，人們其?shí)也不會(huì)選擇軌道交通依然會(huì)開(kāi)車 3、High-speed train 無(wú)法覆蓋所有地區(qū)，有的地方無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn) high speed 所以跟 regular train 一樣，并不能節(jié)能 fuel efficiency3、Reading 說(shuō)在英格蘭南部發(fā)現(xiàn)的墳?zāi)沟闹魅吮徽J(rèn)定為 King Raedwald，有三點(diǎn)原因支持論點(diǎn)：1、King Raddwald 在位和的時(shí)間和墳?zāi)怪谐?/p>

18、土的coins 時(shí)間對(duì)應(yīng);2、墳?zāi)瓜喈?dāng)豪華壯觀，比其他，比如東昂格利亞等的墳?zāi)箟延^，而當(dāng)時(shí) King Raedwald 就是南英格蘭的霸主，墓主當(dāng)然就是他咯;3、墳?zāi)估锇l(fā)現(xiàn)了很多 Christian 陪葬品，比如銀勺子等Raedwald 是英格蘭第一位信仰 Christian 的國(guó)王這一史實(shí)。，符合 KingListening 中教授完全不同意閱讀文章，屬于完全反駁。教授說(shuō)出土墳?zāi)沟闹魅耸?King Raedwald 的話，不能讓人信服，理由有三個(gè)，Sam 把原文盡可能回憶還原如下：1、King Raedwald 的時(shí)間和出土銀幣的時(shí)間判斷都確，無(wú)法契合;Its very hard to pi

19、npothe accurate date of King Raedwalds death. Somehistorians say he died in 624, but others arguet he died 25 year earr. The dating ofthe coins excavated is also not accurate. So,ts not a match;2、無(wú)法和當(dāng)?shù)卮蠖鄶?shù)墳?zāi)贡容^，難以準(zhǔn)確地說(shuō)這個(gè)墳?zāi)咕褪恰跋喈?dāng)豪華壯觀 “，比如當(dāng)?shù)氐暮芏鄩灦荚庥鰪?qiáng)盜洗劫了;Not lots of graves are uncovered in south England, a

20、nd lots found are damaged orrobbed throughout the long history. This excavated gave is called splendid and marvelous by some historians, but do they carefully compare this one to local EastAnglias or other tribal graves right now.he same area? They donve any solid evidence3、墓中是出土了和 Christian 相關(guān)的Chri

21、stian，這些銀勺子有可能只是徒，但并不能認(rèn)定墓主就信仰的，或存留下來(lái)也許只是因?yàn)殂y子做的值錢，而非原因。Christian related objects excavatedhe grave does not mean the owner of thegrave is practice Christian. Those silver spoons with names Augustine and Paulinuscarveday just be the gift from Christian followers. Besides, the spoon is made ofsilver, a

22、 very valuable material. It might remained as well.he grave for this pragmatic reason4、Reading Asteroid Colony 適合居住：1、Low gravity 使得著陸更安全，起飛消耗更好掃的；2、valuable mental，人們可以在 asteroids 上找到很多地球上稀缺的金屬，這樣支持者可以獲得的利潤(rùn)；3、很容易到達(dá)。有一些 asteroids 離地球很近，因此往返都很容易。Listening 不同意：1、會(huì)有很多的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，比如健康問(wèn)題。低密度會(huì)導(dǎo)致肌肉功能喪失，骨密度下降；2、會(huì)有很

23、多的額外成本，比如這些金屬會(huì)有一些隱藏的成本。無(wú)法保證 asteroids 上的金屬盒和們猜想的一樣多。如果供給量不大，人們無(wú)法獲利；3、不好回來(lái)，不尋常的軌道，往返比到火星的距離更遠(yuǎn)5、Reading Asteroid Colony 適合居?。?、Low gravity 使得著陸更安全，起飛消耗更好掃的；2、valuable mental，人們可以在 asteroids 上找到很多地球上稀缺的金屬，這樣支持者可以獲得近，因此往返都很容易。的利潤(rùn)；3、很容易到達(dá)。有一些 asteroids 離地球很Listening 不同意：1、會(huì)有很多的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，比如健康問(wèn)題。低密度會(huì)導(dǎo)致肌肉功能喪失，骨密度下

24、降；2、會(huì)有很多的額外成本，比如這些金屬會(huì)有一些隱藏的成本。無(wú)法保證 asteroids 上的金屬盒和們猜想的一樣多。如果供給量不大，人們無(wú)法獲利；3、不好回來(lái)，不尋常的軌道，往返比到火星的距離更遠(yuǎn)6、經(jīng)濟(jì)型捕撈的三個(gè)好處Reading：There are three reasonst it is benefil.1、To balance the ecosystem.2、To balance the number of fish.3、Lionfishtains high protein vitamins.Listening：These reasons are unvincing.1、Peopl

25、e will easily catch other fish, mostof which are also precious species. It also do harm to the ecosystem.2、Once the demandof the lionfish increases, people would establish fish farm. If the lionfish escfrom thefarm, ecosystem will be damaged.3、The lionfish harmful to peoples health.tains poisonous m

26、atter, which is7、是一種鯨魚(yú)的角的用途(Narwhal Tusk)Reading Three theories to explain what the tusk for.1、Narwhal lives in Arctic Ocean,where many iheets floating there. They need to pierce these iheets with their tusksfor breathing fresh air.2、Narwhals tusks are the toolst help the male Narwhal tofight with o

27、thers to win its mate.3、Millions of microscopic pores on tusks are used as sensors to detect the ocean environment.Listening The function of tusk cannot be simply explained by these three theories.1、It isimsible to penetrate iheets because they are 750px thick. The phenomenontreading mentioned might

28、 be caused because those iheets have broken before.2、Themisunderstanding in reading caused by distant observation, while close observingindicatest it is gentle communication.3、The phenomenon described in readingpassage cannot expla tusks.he female Narwhal lives longer, but few female Narwhal own8、羅馬

29、成功和的原因成功的原因 1、有能力組建Reading：三個(gè)羅馬，被征服國(guó)家里收取俘經(jīng)濟(jì)好，收稅支持虜；2、羅馬銷。的軍權(quán)獨(dú)一無(wú)二；3、羅馬花Listening：反駁閱讀的三個(gè)原因，說(shuō)這是羅馬的原因1、不全是羅馬人，收復(fù)的俘虜不忠實(shí)，羅馬有可能去打俘虜國(guó)家。俘虜也會(huì)了；2、對(duì)羅馬反抗羅馬。而且有表明在羅馬快打時(shí)候俘虜剛開(kāi)始的時(shí)候是有道理的，因?yàn)槠鸪醯膰?guó)王非常英明，但是后來(lái)國(guó)王不做political deci理。最終導(dǎo)致會(huì)有人王權(quán)。而且后來(lái)的國(guó)王有私欲，會(huì)建立宮殿等無(wú)心管；3、農(nóng)業(yè)等增長(zhǎng)已經(jīng)停止，然而軍事消耗還在增加，對(duì)人民對(duì)壓力越拉越大，人抗情緒高漲，不但不忠誠(chéng)國(guó)家還會(huì)記恨國(guó)家，最終導(dǎo)致9、翼龍

30、 Pterosaurs 是否會(huì)飛Reading Three reasons to explain why Pterosaurs cannot fly.1、Pterosaurs are cool- blooded, thus cannot produce enough energy to fly.2、Pterosaurs are too weighty to takeorom ground.3、Pterosaurs have a different muscle fromt of birds. Their back legmuscles are too small and weak.Listen

31、ing Explahreereasons totradict with reading. 1、Pterosaurs can actually besidered as warm-blooded, since they always have dense covering hair.2、The bone structure of Pterosaursis different. It is hollow not solid.3、Pterosaurs are different from birdshat they standwith four limbs whi push off the grou

32、nd.irds with two limbs. And Pterosaurs are just like bats which can10、閱讀講農(nóng)業(yè)補(bǔ)貼有好處。1. low price will benefit反駁。sumers; 2. prevent worldger; 3.job security.1. subsidy 來(lái)自 taxes，taxes 來(lái)自sumers；2. in long term, low-price food in richcountry 會(huì) hurt the agriculture of poor countries; 3. subsidy is just for

33、certa crops like corns，得不到補(bǔ)貼的小農(nóng)場(chǎng)會(huì) go out of business。ypes of11、CFLs 與傳統(tǒng)燈泡的比較。閱讀觀點(diǎn)：CFLs 不如傳統(tǒng)燈泡。理由為1 昂貴2 有害環(huán)境mercury3 光線對(duì)眼睛不好觀點(diǎn)：Disagree 逐點(diǎn)反駁1 昂貴是事實(shí)，但是 CFLs 使用時(shí)間更長(zhǎng)，考慮到長(zhǎng)以被抵消，實(shí)際上應(yīng)該更加便宜。的話，昂貴的可2需要消耗mercury 也是事實(shí)。但是傳統(tǒng)燈泡的電能，而電能的產(chǎn)生需要燃燒的 mercury。因?yàn)閭鹘y(tǒng)燈泡的，從而的mercury 到環(huán)境中3 光線在新型的 CFLs 已經(jīng)得到解決。通過(guò)采用新型的技術(shù)，CFLs 可以產(chǎn)生與

34、傳統(tǒng)燈泡無(wú)差異的光線。12、 Reading:asanazi 部落的是由于嚴(yán)重的干旱。The disappearance of the asanazi tribe is due to the severe drought.There was were lack of water.riod of global warming and the temperature is so hight people2) The tribe did nove any facilities like dams and cs toserve waterserve.3) People might fled to av

35、oid the drought and left many artifi Listening:ls.Disagree. Those three theories cannot hold up this phenomenon.1) One kind of tree near the asanazi grew well, it showed rainfall.t there was enough2) These facilities had already existed for 50 years. And they were highly developedby the tribe so i3)

36、d the capacity toserve the large amount of waters or wars cso begot this result. For exle, they might fight for thefood resour.13、講兩百萬(wàn)年前蜜蜂到底存不存在。綜合寫作閱讀文第一個(gè)疑點(diǎn)是找不到實(shí)際存在的蜜蜂化石，但教授說(shuō)那時(shí)候還沒(méi)有能產(chǎn)生樹(shù)脂的樹(shù)，所以沒(méi)有保留下來(lái)的化石很正常；第二個(gè)疑點(diǎn)是兩百萬(wàn)年前沒(méi)有開(kāi)花植物所以蜜蜂不存在，而教授說(shuō)蜜蜂不一定完全依賴開(kāi)花植物;綜合寫作第三個(gè)疑點(diǎn)是至今發(fā)現(xiàn)的蜂巢都缺少一種現(xiàn)代蜂巢的結(jié)構(gòu) Caps，但教授說(shuō)其實(shí)兩者存在相同化學(xué)物質(zhì)。1

37、4、講兩百萬(wàn)年前蜜蜂到底存不存在。綜合寫作閱讀文第一個(gè)疑點(diǎn)是找不到實(shí)際存在的蜜蜂化石，但教授說(shuō)那時(shí)候還沒(méi)有能產(chǎn)生樹(shù)脂的樹(shù)，所以沒(méi)有保留下來(lái)的化石很正常；第二個(gè)疑點(diǎn)是兩百萬(wàn)年前沒(méi)有開(kāi)花植物所以蜜蜂不存在，而教授說(shuō)蜜蜂不一定完全依賴開(kāi)花植物;綜合寫作第三個(gè)疑點(diǎn)是至今發(fā)現(xiàn)的蜂巢都缺少一種現(xiàn)代蜂巢的結(jié)構(gòu) Caps，但教授說(shuō)其實(shí)兩者存在相同化學(xué)物質(zhì)。15、講兩百萬(wàn)年前蜜蜂到底存不存在。綜合寫作閱讀文第一個(gè)疑點(diǎn)是找不到實(shí)際存在的蜜蜂化石，但教授說(shuō)那時(shí)候還沒(méi)有能產(chǎn)生樹(shù)脂的樹(shù)，所以沒(méi)有保留下來(lái)的化石很正常；第二個(gè)疑點(diǎn)是兩百萬(wàn)年前沒(méi)有開(kāi)花植物所以蜜蜂不存在，而教授說(shuō)蜜蜂不一定完全依賴開(kāi)花植物;綜合寫作第三個(gè)疑點(diǎn)

38、是至今發(fā)現(xiàn)的蜂巢都缺少一種現(xiàn)代蜂巢的結(jié)構(gòu) Caps，但教授說(shuō)其實(shí)兩者存在相同化學(xué)物質(zhì)。16、綜合作文：Handing gardens 是不是閱讀、說(shuō)可能是真的。1 歷史學(xué)家很多，大量 detail，并且sistent2 那些人另外還找了很多偉大復(fù)雜的建筑，所以很有可能也創(chuàng)造了 handing gardens3的個(gè)考古大小round ceiling 復(fù)合機(jī)在，還有三個(gè)水泵可能是引水的，、反駁1 Handing garden 在巴比倫，人家自己的歷史學(xué)家記載別的建筑，但不包括這個(gè)garden其他人記載的算什么？壓根沒(méi)去過(guò)那里吧那時(shí)候建筑都用 clay，明顯不能造 garden短時(shí)間就被沖走了適合的

39、建筑材料那時(shí)候很難找到考古發(fā)現(xiàn)的地點(diǎn)離水源太遠(yuǎn)，那時(shí)候長(zhǎng)距離引水還是個(gè)技術(shù)17、綜合作文：Handing gardens 是不是閱讀、說(shuō)可能是真的。1 歷史學(xué)家很多，大量 detail，并且sistent2 那些人另外還找了很多偉大復(fù)雜的建筑，所以很有可能也創(chuàng)造了 handing gardens3的個(gè)考古大小round ceiling 復(fù)合機(jī)在，還有三個(gè)水泵可能是引水的，、反駁1 Handing garden 在巴比倫，人家自己的歷史學(xué)家記載別的建筑，但不包括這個(gè)garden其他人記載的算什么？壓根沒(méi)去過(guò)那里吧那時(shí)候建筑都用 clay，明顯不能造 garden短時(shí)間就被沖走了適合的建筑材料那時(shí)

40、候很難找到考古發(fā)現(xiàn)的地點(diǎn)離水源太遠(yuǎn)，那時(shí)候長(zhǎng)距離引水還是個(gè)技術(shù)18、死海附近藏寶圖的真實(shí)性19、【閱讀： 孕婦特別需要一種葉酸，有措施建議將它加入面包等面粉制品，文章不同意。 一是即使這樣做一個(gè)年輕女性平均從面包攝入的葉酸量也不夠， 二是這種物質(zhì)對(duì)老年人有副作用， 三是通過(guò)將葉酸加入藥片里面可以直接針對(duì)懷孕婦女了。反駁： 一是數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)源不正確，應(yīng)該用懷孕婦女的樣本，而不是婦女。很多懷孕婦女會(huì)食用面包從而攝入的葉酸。 二是這種添加只是適量的，不會(huì)對(duì)老年人有副作品。 三是這種葉酸必須在懷孕早期吸收，當(dāng)婦女不知道自己懷孕時(shí)，不會(huì)去刻意食用維生素藥片。20、文章講了對(duì)不健康商品如煙,食物和飲料征稅的好處

41、。 第一，價(jià)格高了，人們不會(huì)再買，減少人們消費(fèi)商品,有利健康。反駁：人們不會(huì)減少抽煙，人們會(huì)買廉價(jià)的煙，更有害健康，而且一直買，沒(méi)錢花在健康上。如果是食品，人們吃了即使貴也要吃 第二，公平。加稅對(duì)沒(méi)這些臭毛病的人更公平，因?yàn)橹尾⌒枰M(fèi)醫(yī)療，而這些吸煙的人更容易生病，生病花醫(yī)保的錢，對(duì)不吸煙的人。吸煙者花得就應(yīng)該交得，這樣才公平 finanl fairness 反駁：加稅對(duì)有這些臭毛病的人第三，增加，因?yàn)槊總€(gè)人掙得不一樣多，稅對(duì)富人的影響比對(duì)窮人的影響要小收入，使能有錢做其他事，如基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和教育投入，從而大家都受益。反駁：收稅使容易留著錢，就不鼓勵(lì)減少這些壞了，比如政府為了就不會(huì)制定有效政策公

42、共場(chǎng)所甚至私人場(chǎng)所抽煙。21、Coral. Bay 形成的原因Thesis 總論點(diǎn)：隕石1、Asymmetrical depresmeteorite impact theory s 溝壑不均勻是由于的裂縫導(dǎo)致材料填充，東南部沙子多西北部沙子少 2、隕石的產(chǎn)生的高溫導(dǎo)致沙子沒(méi)有鐵外衣 3、發(fā)現(xiàn)了 buckyball，是由于是產(chǎn)生的巨大壓力導(dǎo)致的Listening：閱讀的理論不對(duì)1、不均勻的原因可能是水流引起的，而且水流更好的解釋了沙子不均勻的方向2、如果是高溫的話更可能形成玻璃，但是并沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)玻璃。而且沙子沒(méi)有鐵外衣可能由于化學(xué)反應(yīng)造成的 3、如果是導(dǎo)致 buckyball，那么 buckyba

43、ll 應(yīng)該廣泛數(shù)幾個(gè)海灣發(fā)現(xiàn)了 buckyball存在于所有地帶，但實(shí)際上22、關(guān)于長(zhǎng)頸恐龍（Sauropoda）的脖子一般是豎直的還是橫的 passage 說(shuō)恐龍的脖子一般是橫著 horizontal 的， 因?yàn)?1 骨骼化石連接起來(lái)是橫著的 they held their necks horizontally 2 必須高血壓才能把血液供到大腦和循環(huán) 3 抬著脖子夠樹(shù)葉太高了消耗能量 lecturer 說(shuō)不夠vincing 因?yàn)? 脖子除了骨骼還有肌肉和另一個(gè)什么東西（給了單詞）支撐 hey held their necks vertically.2 有一個(gè)另外一個(gè)動(dòng)物同樣情況， 但發(fā)展了一

44、個(gè)強(qiáng)勁的心臟3 下面樹(shù)葉還有其他的類型的恐龍競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，他們吃不到，只好努力抬頭吃，吃了還能補(bǔ)充能量23、閱讀提到人們普遍認(rèn)為海洋的動(dòng)物比如 dolphin 等都很聰明，但是 manatee 是個(gè)例外，理由如下：一：海牛的大腦皮層很平滑，不像靈長(zhǎng)類動(dòng)物如猴子，以及同科海豚等的大腦有褶皺。 二：海牛的大腦在整個(gè)身體中所占的比例比其他認(rèn)定聰明的動(dòng)物小。 三：海牛很難訓(xùn)練成海豚那樣，能做出各種聰明的動(dòng)作。持反對(duì)意見(jiàn)，理由如下：一： 沒(méi)材料表明動(dòng)物大腦皮層的褶皺同其聰明程度有關(guān)。海牛的大腦皮層雖然平滑，但也有復(fù)雜的結(jié)構(gòu)。二： 海牛的身體大，是因?yàn)樗嬖诒涞暮Ｋ?。龐大的身軀能幫助它保持熱量。海豚和猴子則

45、沒(méi)有這種需要。三： 海牛由于自身的條件，很難像海豚那樣做輕巧的動(dòng)作，例如頂皮球，但是它們一樣能根據(jù)訓(xùn)練者指令做出動(dòng)作。海牛是可以訓(xùn)練的。24、1.文章提到 3 個(gè)減小 coal burning 的污染 1.提高反應(yīng)效率，加壓或者升溫。所以在long run 上來(lái)看可以減少污染。但是燒率才 10%反駁說(shuō)增長(zhǎng)都有 30%，你提高碳的燃2.用水沖洗煤炭，除掉硫化物就不用有二氧化硫污染環(huán)境. 但反駁說(shuō)這只是把硫化物轉(zhuǎn)移到水系統(tǒng),會(huì)污染河流和湖泊3.收集燃燒時(shí)排出的成本太高，而且一旦。教授會(huì)污染環(huán)境說(shuō)現(xiàn)在收集的技術(shù)還未成熟，且25、cloud seeding 來(lái)減少冰雹是有關(guān)冰雹的防止閱讀里面講的是一種

46、叫 cloud seeding 的方法就是把碘化銀打到云里面去文章認(rèn)為這種方法可以有效的防止了冰雹對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)的危害第一點(diǎn)原因是在的環(huán)境下，冰冰雹是在接近零度的時(shí)候形成的，而在加入了碘化銀后冰雹沒(méi)有形成教授的反駁是這是在的環(huán)境中，而在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中情況是不同的而且把 cloud seeding 可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致其他種類的降水（例如雨雪）也被限制 從而導(dǎo)致干旱第二點(diǎn)是在亞洲的一部分城市的應(yīng)用表明 cloud seeding 確實(shí)在這些城市起到了防止冰雹的作用教授的反駁是這些城市都有空氣污染，空氣中的污染顆粒（PM2.5?）在防止冰雹的過(guò)程中也起到了很重要的作用(這一點(diǎn)的原因大家可以百度一下雨的成因在這里就不科普

47、了) 而的農(nóng)業(yè)地區(qū)空氣污染很少 所以沒(méi)有這些污染顆粒 所以這個(gè)方法在這些地方不一定有用。第三點(diǎn)是在中部曾經(jīng)用過(guò) could seeding 這個(gè)方法而且數(shù)據(jù)表明確實(shí)有冰雹下降的現(xiàn)象教授的反駁是這種冰雹減少的現(xiàn)象在那個(gè)時(shí)候是一個(gè)大范圍的改變不僅限于中部(cloud seeding 被用的地方) 所以這種改變更大程度上應(yīng)該是氣候改變的原因。26、reading passage: 說(shuō)一種叫 T.rex 的恐龍可能是不會(huì)跑的，原因有三個(gè)：（1）體積太大體重太重，如果跑太遠(yuǎn)，一旦跌倒的話，就會(huì)有致命的。（2）T.rex 的腿又細(xì)又長(zhǎng)。而跑的時(shí)候肌肉會(huì)對(duì)骨頭產(chǎn)生很大的力量，而又細(xì)有長(zhǎng)的骨頭難以支撐這種力量

48、，跑久了會(huì)斷掉；（3）根據(jù)計(jì)算，如果 T.rex 這種 size 的恐龍要跑的話，體重的分布應(yīng)該是：86%的體重都在腿部。而 T.rex 的體重分布不符合這個(gè)計(jì)算結(jié)果。Listening 段子說(shuō)：這三個(gè)理由都很容易被 challenge。（1）首先，摔倒時(shí)有致命的并不意味著這種動(dòng)物就一定不會(huì)跑。舉例子，比如猴子，也可能在樹(shù)之間蕩的時(shí)候摔下來(lái)也有致命，但他們還是會(huì)這樣去蕩，因?yàn)檫@是一種生存需要。像T.rex 這種 predator，會(huì)跑帶來(lái)的好處是很明顯的，有益于其捕獵。由于收益大于風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，因此 T.rex 很可能還是會(huì)跑的。（2）腿很細(xì)、很高的動(dòng)物不一定不會(huì)跑。事實(shí)證明，很多現(xiàn)代動(dòng)物，如馬，雖然

49、腿很細(xì)但都能跑。原因是他們會(huì)通過(guò)調(diào)整跑步和方式來(lái)降低肌肉對(duì)骨頭的沖擊力。比如，馬每跑一下他們的步子都很小，然后他們會(huì)不斷重復(fù)這樣的小步子從而向前跑動(dòng)。（3）reading passage 的計(jì)算是基 于假想的 T.rex 的樣子，很多參數(shù)不一定是對(duì)的。比如，如果改變一些假設(shè)（比如T.rex 的的體積、跑步的時(shí)候是否 lean forward，是否 hold their backstraight)，可能算出來(lái)的結(jié)果是反的，是可以支持“T.rex 是能夠跑步的”這一結(jié)論。27、Passage: microcredit 不能解決貧困問(wèn)題。1)borrower 沒(méi)有 business skill，做生

50、意很容易失敗小額如果會(huì) increase的 administration cost，是 inefficient 的。把錢投入 microcredit 里面，就不能投到其它方面了。Lecture: 文章說(shuō)得不對(duì)。1)agencies 提供 other servi等。，比如教 borrower 怎么記賬，怎么利潤(rùn)最大化等2)文章說(shuō)很好解決：可以把錢借給由 4-5 個(gè)人組成的 smallgroups，這樣在相同的 cost 下幫助了貧困的人。3)由于提供小額的都是 agencies，其實(shí)在這方面 save 了 money，這樣就能把錢投到小型不能融資的大型工程，比如建一棟樓什么的。28、現(xiàn)在越來(lái)越多

51、的人通過(guò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)學(xué)習(xí)和取得文憑，但是很多雇主不愿意雇傭這樣獲得文憑（online degree）的人，原因有三：1.教育的質(zhì)量(quality)很難保證，因?yàn)閷W(xué)生們?cè)趯W(xué)校里學(xué)的東西和網(wǎng)絡(luò)上不一樣。課程不一樣，質(zhì)量當(dāng)然不一樣。2.驗(yàn),so 3.教育的學(xué)生缺乏與人溝通的能力和技巧。因?yàn)樗麄儧](méi)有太多與人接觸的經(jīng)leraction 難以保證。教育的學(xué)生容易 academic cheating,因?yàn)樗麄兛梢哉胰藥兔?。而學(xué)校里老師了解他的學(xué)生，網(wǎng)絡(luò)上老師只能知道學(xué)生的作業(yè)是否交了而已。開(kāi)始反駁：雇傭教育文憑的學(xué)生,對(duì)公司有好處的1. 網(wǎng)絡(luò)教育的內(nèi)容和課堂教育是一樣的，甚至更新的速度快，學(xué)生們可以學(xué)到的知識(shí)。所

52、以教學(xué)質(zhì)量是沒(méi)有問(wèn)題的。2.教育的學(xué)生不缺乏與人溝通的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，他們通過(guò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)，聊天等一樣可以與老師溝通交流，而且因?yàn)楣径际怯眠@種方式交流的，所以實(shí)際上他們更具有交流的經(jīng)驗(yàn)優(yōu)勢(shì)。3. 網(wǎng)絡(luò)教育更加不容易 cheating,因?yàn)槔蠋熡兴阉饕?，所以可以更加容易的查出學(xué)生是否，所以學(xué)生更不愿意29、文章認(rèn)為通過(guò) cancel袋減少的做法行不通。原因有三。一是文章認(rèn)為紙袋造價(jià)較高，生產(chǎn)紙袋會(huì)造成更重的環(huán)境負(fù)擔(dān)。二是文章認(rèn)為可以通過(guò)袋的回收利用減少環(huán)境代價(jià)。三是文章認(rèn)為由于人們一般在市外買東西，因此反而會(huì)將垃圾帶回市內(nèi)到處亂扔（這一點(diǎn)記不太清除了，參考）。教授認(rèn)為文章觀點(diǎn)不成立，原因分別是：1.教授雖然承

53、認(rèn)紙袋的造價(jià)比袋昂貴，但是人們通常紙會(huì)用的時(shí)間更長(zhǎng)一些，因此從這個(gè)角度來(lái)看反而會(huì)節(jié)省資源。2.回收袋的做法行不通，因?yàn)榇菀讚p壞，所以不易回收重新利用。3.教授認(rèn)為文章中說(shuō)的“人們通常在其他城鎮(zhèn)買東西”這個(gè)理由簡(jiǎn)直是不可理喻，人們當(dāng)然正常情況下在自家城鎮(zhèn)買東西，而且即便在市外買東西也一般不會(huì)將東西隨便亂扔。30、文章是支持能。教授，理由一：他們不夠 efficient，要占很多地方，以紐約為例。理由二：生產(chǎn) solar復(fù)雜er 的材料總有一天也要用完的。理由三：技術(shù)很小馬機(jī)經(jīng)8 月 30 日逆天版獨(dú)立口語(yǔ)SPEAKING 11、【活動(dòng)類/地點(diǎn)類】Do you agree or disagree

54、 with the following sement? It is never too lpeople to receive high education and to get a university degree. Use spesupport your answer.2、【活動(dòng)類】Talk about an activity you enjoyed explain you answer in details.ng with your family when you w3、【人物類】Describe a spe you.l friend in your childhood.And expl

55、ain why the friend4、【事件類/物品類】Describe your favorite school subject.Give specific details and exleanswer5、 【人物類】Describerson whom youd like to talk with often (thiscould be one of yourclose friends,family members or teachers).Explain why youd like to talk with this and what youd like to talk about.6、

56、【活動(dòng)類】 Describe a job you have donehe past or a job youd like ton the future .Pleaseinclude specific details in your answer.7、【物品類/活動(dòng)類】 Choose ONE of the forms of the technologyhe list andls why it changes（has hadgreat impact）peoples lives in your country? a) The airplane b) The computer c) The evi8、

57、【活動(dòng)類】Describe a skill you are good at，for exle，paing or a kind of sport ，and explainwhy it is important to you.Please include specific ex explanation.les and details in your9、【人物類/活動(dòng)類】Describerformer you like. Why?10、【活動(dòng)類/物品類】What are some important effects of the worldwide availability of the ernet

58、 on modern peoples life? Use specific details and exles to support your response?11、【物品類 】What type of books do you enjoy to read? Romance books, biography books or mystery books? Explain why you enjoy reading this type of book? Please include reasons and details in you explanation.12、 【物品類】What is

59、the one thing foreign tourist need to pay attention to before they visit your country? Explain why? Include details and exles in your explanation.13、【人物類】Describe your favorite teacher. Explain why you like him or her. Include reasons and details to support your response.14、【物品類】Describe a gift you

60、want to give to someone.Give Specific details and ex explain your answerles to15、【物品類】Describe an eresting clothes in your country and explain why it is eresting.16、【活動(dòng)類/地點(diǎn)類】Describe the most important deciyouve ever made in your life. Explain why its important.17、【人物類/事件類】whats the most important q