3bd3087譯文-雙語(排版)

1、BD 30/87BD 30/87THE HIGHWAYS AGENCY高速公路局THE SCOTTISH OFFICE DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT 開發(fā)部蘇格蘭辦事處THE WELSH OFFICE Y SWYDDFA GYMREIGY SWYDDFA GYMREIG威爾士辦事處THE DEPARTMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT FOR NORTHERN IRELAND 北愛爾蘭環(huán)境部Backfilled Retaining Walls andBridge Abutments回填擋土墻和橋臺Summary: This Departmental Standard

2、 sets out the design and construction requirements for backfilled walls and bridge abutments.概述：本部門標準規(guī)定了回填擋土墻和橋臺的設(shè)計和施工要求。Chapter 4第4章Volume 2 Section 1 第2卷第1節(jié)BD 30/87BackHlling MaterialsBD 30/87回填材料from TRRL Report LR 8063.關(guān)于白堊材料飽和含水量測定信息可以通過TRRL報告LR 8063獲得。Selected cohesive material. This material

3、is intended to include acceptable material available on site. It can consist of sand, silt and clay with 15 to 100 per cent passing the 63 micron sieve. At the finest end over-consolidated clay will be acceptable, subject to other requirements as described in the Specification, such as the maximum a

4、cceptable Liquid Limit of 45 and Plasticity Index of 25.精選粘性材料。此類材料意在包括那些現(xiàn)場存在的可接受材料。此類材料包括63微米 篩網(wǎng)通過率到達15%至100%的沙、淤泥和黏土。作為最細材料，超固結(jié)粘土是可以接 受的，但需要滿足規(guī)范中所規(guī)定的其他要求，例如可接受的最大液限為45和塑性指數(shù) 為25。For consistent properties only conditioned PFA from any single source shall be used for each structure.為了到達屬性的一致，每個結(jié)構(gòu)中只能使

5、用單一來源的調(diào)制粉煤灰。Argillaceous rocks such as shale and mudstone can increase earth pressures on retaining walls by swelling; they may also release sulphuric acid, putting adjacent concrete structures at serious risk and may contribute to the blocking of drainage materials by the formation of crystalline s

6、ulphates.諸如頁巖、泥巖等泥質(zhì)巖通過膨脹效應(yīng)可以增加擋土墻土壓力；此 類巖石也可能會釋放出硫酸，從而使相鄰的混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)面臨嚴重風險，同時，此類材 料可能會形成結(jié)晶硫酸鹽從而阻塞排水材料。Such rocks, in any form, must not be used within 5m of a structure.任何形式的此類巖石均不得在結(jié)構(gòu)5米范圍內(nèi)使用。If the structure is piled, such material must not be used within 10m of the structure or its foundation. 如果結(jié)構(gòu)采用打樁

7、基礎(chǔ)，那么不得在結(jié)構(gòu)或結(jié)構(gòu)基礎(chǔ)10m范圍內(nèi)使用此類材料。The Engineer shall specify the properties of the fill material on which the design of the structure is based and record those in the contract documents. Any departure from the specification will require a reassessment of the design.工程師應(yīng)規(guī)定回填材料的屬性，并應(yīng)在回填材料的基礎(chǔ)上對結(jié)構(gòu)進行設(shè)計，同時，應(yīng) 在合

8、同中對回填材料屬性進行記錄。如果與規(guī)范出現(xiàn)任何背離，那么需要對設(shè)計進行 重新評估。4/1July 19871987年7月Volume 2 Section 1Chapter 5第2卷第1節(jié)第5章BD 30/87DesignBD 30/87設(shè)計5. DESIGN設(shè)計The following design principles apply to backfilled cantilever retaining walls with spread footing or pile foundation. Design of the embedded (or diaphragm) type of reta

9、ining walls should continue to be based on currently used design methods such as those given in CIRIA Report 1044.以下設(shè)計原那么適用于擴展墊層或樁基礎(chǔ)回填懸臂式擋土墻。嵌入式(或地下連續(xù)截水 )墻的設(shè)計應(yīng)繼續(xù)采用目前的設(shè)計方法，如CIRIA報告1044中給出的那些設(shè)計方法。Limit States極限狀態(tài)The structure and the surrounding soil must be designed to perform satisfactorily for both

10、 the ultimate and the serviceability limit states. The four limit states which are to be considered in the design are described below.結(jié)構(gòu)和周圍土壤的設(shè)計必須在最終極限狀態(tài)和正常使用極限狀態(tài)兩個方面都令人 滿意。設(shè)計中應(yīng)予以考慮的四個極限狀態(tài)如下所述：Ultimate Limit State of the Structural Elements. This limit state corresponds with the failure of the stem

11、or the base of a retaining wall and is as defined in BS 5400: Part 4, as implemented by BD 24/84, for concrete walls. The structural design and detailing shall be in accordance with that code.結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)件最終極限狀態(tài)。該極限狀態(tài)與混凝土墻主構(gòu)件或擋土墻基礎(chǔ)垮塌相對應(yīng) ,并應(yīng)符合BS 5400標準第4局部相關(guān)定義以及BD 24/84所規(guī)定的實施要求。結(jié)構(gòu) 設(shè)計和施工細節(jié)應(yīng)符合本規(guī)范。Serviceability

12、 Limit State of the Structural Elements. This limit state corresponds with acceptable limits of cracking as described in BS 5400 Part 4, as implemented by BD 24/84, for concrete walls. The structural design and detailing shall be in accordance with that code.結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)件正常使用極限狀態(tài)。該極限狀態(tài)與BS 5400標準第4局部所規(guī)定的混凝土 墻

13、可接受開裂極限相對應(yīng)，并應(yīng)符合BD 24/84所規(guī)定的實施要求。結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計和細 節(jié)設(shè)計應(yīng)符合規(guī)范要求。Ultimate Limit State of Soil.土壤極限狀態(tài)。This limit state corresponds with the following failure modes of the surrounding soil and the soil-structure interface:該極限狀態(tài)與周圍土壤和土壤結(jié)構(gòu)接口的以下垮塌模式相對應(yīng)：Sliding Overturning滑動翻轉(zhuǎn)5/1July 19871987年7月Volume 2 Section 1Chapter

14、 5第2卷第1節(jié)第5章BD 30/87DesignBD 30/87設(shè)計Failure of the foundation soil地基土壤垮塌Slip failure of the surrounding soil周圍土壤滑移垮塌Design for this limit state shall be based on the design procedures and the overall factors of safety given in CP2 and BSCP 2004. Nominal values of dead and highway live loads as given

15、in BS 5400: Part 2, as implemented by BD 14/82, shall be used in the calculations where necessary.該極限狀態(tài)設(shè)計應(yīng)以CP2和BSCP 2004所給出的設(shè)計規(guī)程和整體平安系數(shù)為基 礎(chǔ)。如果需要的話，計算中應(yīng)使用BS 5400標準第2局部給出的公路靜荷載和 動荷載，并應(yīng)符合BD 14/82所規(guī)定的實施要求。Note: The overturning design criterion given in BS 5400: Part 2 is not applicable to this limit sta

16、te.注：BS 5400標準第2局部中給出翻轉(zhuǎn)設(shè)計標準對該限制狀態(tài)不適用。Serviceability Limit State of Soil.土壤正常使用極限狀態(tài)。The adoption of recommended safe bearing capacities for the foundation design should avoid undesirable settlements and tilting of the structure. Nevertheless a separate assessment of the differential settlements and t

17、ilting of the structure is necessary for the design of associated superstructures. Such movements can be calculated from a displacement or consolidation analysis. The predicted movements shall be taken into account in the overall design of the structure.基礎(chǔ)設(shè)計采用的推薦平安承載能力應(yīng)防止發(fā)生不良沉降和結(jié)構(gòu)傾斜。盡管如 此，對于相關(guān)上層建筑的設(shè)

18、計，有必要就不均勻沉降和結(jié)構(gòu)傾斜進行獨立評 估。此類運動可以通過位移或固結(jié)分析來進行計算。在結(jié)構(gòu)整體設(shè)計中，應(yīng) 對預測的運動予以考慮。The factor of safety for this limit state shall be taken as 1. Nominal values of dead and highway live loading as given in BS 5400: Part 2, as implemented by BD 14/82, shall be used in the calculations where necessary.該極限狀態(tài)的平安系數(shù)應(yīng)取1。必

19、要時應(yīng)在計算中采用BS 5400：第2局部給出 的公路靜荷載和動荷載標稱值。Earth Pressures土壓力In all limit states of design, earth pressures generating from the retained fill will need to be considered. Methods for calculating these earth pressures and the corresponding partial load factors applicable to them are given below. For low pe

20、rmeability backfill such as the selected cohesive material it is necessary in design to5/15/1July 19871987年7月Volume 2 Section 1Chapter 5第2卷第1節(jié)第5章BD 30/87DesignBD 30/87設(shè)計assess separately the earth pressures acting in the short term and those acting in the long term when full porewater pressure equil

21、ibrium has occurred. In clay fills the short term earth pressures are determined using the undrained shear strength (cu) whereas for the long term earth pressures the effective stress strength parameters (c )are used.在所有極限狀態(tài)設(shè)計中，擋土回填所產(chǎn)生的土壓力都需要加以考慮。用于計算上 述土壓力的方法以及適用的相應(yīng)局部荷載系數(shù)如下。對于諸如選定粘性材料的低 滲透回填，在設(shè)計中有必

22、要對發(fā)生滿孔隙水壓力平衡時短期和長期土壓力作用進 行單獨評估。在粘土回填的情況下，應(yīng)使用不排水剪力(cu)來確定短期土壓力 ,而對于長期土壓力，那么應(yīng)使用有效應(yīng)力參數(shù)(c，)。5/1July 19871987年7月Chapter 5 第5章Design 設(shè)計Volume 2 Section 1第2卷第1節(jié)BD 30/87BD 30/87For the ultimate limit state of the structural elements at rest earth pressure shall be used in the design. The partial load factor

23、 YfL for earth pressure generated by the backfill itself shall be taken as 1.5 (1.0 for relieving effects).對于結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)件最終極限狀態(tài)，在設(shè)計中應(yīng)使用“靜止” 土壓力。回填材料自身所 產(chǎn)生的土壓力局部荷載系數(shù)YfL應(yīng)取1.5 (釋放效應(yīng)應(yīng)取1.0)。For the serviceability limit state of the structural elements at rest earthpressure shall be used in the design. The partia

24、l load factor YfL for earth pressure generated by the backfill itself shall be taken as 1.0.對于結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)件正常使用極限狀態(tài)，在設(shè)計中應(yīng)使用“靜止” 土壓力。回填材料自 身所產(chǎn)生的土壓力局部荷載系數(shù)YfL應(yīng)取1.0 oFor the ultimate and serviceability limit states of the soil active9 earth pressure shall be used in the design. Partial load factors are not requi

25、red for these limit states since the CP2 and BS CP 2004 design methods are based on overall factors of safety. 對于土壤最終極限狀態(tài)和正常使用極限狀態(tài)，在設(shè)計中應(yīng)使用“動態(tài)” 土壓力。 上述極限狀態(tài)中并不需要局部荷載系數(shù)，原因是CP2和BS CP 2004設(shè)計方法是以整 體平安系數(shù)為基礎(chǔ)的。General Design Considerations通用設(shè)計考慮Where the design uses assumed soil parameters, such as soil dens

26、ity Y, effective cohesion c and the effective angle of shearing resistance(p the Engineer shall check and confirm that the properties of the fill material to be used in the actual construction are not inferior to those used in the design.如果設(shè)計采用了某些假設(shè)土壤參數(shù)，如土壤密度丫、有效凝聚力c，和有效抗剪角度 (P等，那么工程師應(yīng)檢查并確認實際施工中將要使用

27、回填材料的性能不低于設(shè)計中 采用的材料性能。All combinations of design situations such as the presence of hydrostatic pressure etc shall be considered when applicable. The possibility of burst water mains in the vicinity of the structure shall be taken into account.在適用的情況下，所有設(shè)計組合，如靜水壓力，均應(yīng)予以考慮。結(jié)構(gòu)附近發(fā)生水 管爆裂的可能性應(yīng)考慮在內(nèi)。When PF

28、 A is used, the value of the effective angle of internal friction(pf fbr PFA can be taken as 300, but must be confirmed by tests for final design. The value of c for PFA should be established by test but must not be taken to be greater than 5 kN/m2 for design purposes. The properties of PFA can vary

29、 considerably from one source of supply to another.當使用粉煤灰時，粉煤灰內(nèi)部摩擦有效角(p的值應(yīng)取300,但是，在最終設(shè)計中必5/25/2July 19871987年7月Chapter 5第5章Design 設(shè)計Volume 2 Section 1第2卷第1節(jié)BD 30/87BD 30/87須通過試驗來對該取值進行確認。粉煤灰c，值應(yīng)通過試驗來確定，但就設(shè)計而言，c，值必須不大于5 kN/n?。根據(jù)供應(yīng)來源的不同，粉煤灰性能可能會發(fā)生顯著變化Cohesive fill materials other than PFA should be pl

30、aced at moisture conditions close to their long term equilibrium states which shall be specified in the Contract. Otherwise problems associated with volume change, such as increased wall pressure, can arise afterwards.粉煤灰以外的粘性回填材料應(yīng)放置在接近其長期均衡狀態(tài)的水分條件中，對此應(yīng) 在合同中予以注明。否那么的話，事后可能會出現(xiàn)與體積變化相關(guān)的諸如墻壓力增 加等一些問題。5/

31、2July 19871987年7月Volume 2 Section 1第2卷第1節(jié)BD 30/87BD 30/87Chapter 6 第6章Construction Details施工細節(jié)CONSTRUCTION DETAILS施工細節(jié)Extent of Backfllling回填的程度The extent of the backfilling wedge to be treated separately from the main earthworks should be indicated on the contract drawings. It is essential to provi

32、de adequate space for the compacting plant to operate efficiently. Normally the wedge will have a benched back slope of 1.5 horizontal to 1 vertical. Whether the minimum width of the wedge is at the top or the bottom of the backfill will depend upon whether a bridge and its abutments are to be const

33、ructed in advance of the approach embankment or vice versa. The minimum width will be determined by the requirements for good compaction as well as by the need to satisfy the principles used in the calculation of earth pressure.回填楔形的回填程度應(yīng)與主土方工程區(qū)別開來單獨處理，并應(yīng)在合同圖紙中予以 注明。必須為壓實設(shè)備進行有效操作提供足夠空間，這一點非常關(guān)鍵。通常情況

34、下，回填楔形應(yīng)設(shè)置一個水平垂直比率為151的臺階形式背坡。回填楔形最小寬 度設(shè)在回填頂部還是底部將取決于橋梁和橋臺施工在引堤施工之前還是之后?；?填楔形最小寬度將根據(jù)良好壓實相關(guān)要求來確定，同時應(yīng)符合土壓力計算中使用 的相關(guān)原理。Compaction壓實Compaction of the backfill shall be in accordance with the Specification. 回填壓實應(yīng)符合本規(guī)范。Moisture content requirements must be complied with during compaction since unduly wet o

35、r very dry material is not only difficult to compact, but may also result in lower than the designed strength of the backfill and consequently higher pressures. This is specially true for PFA and cohesive materials. In order to achieve the required compaction PFA should be placed at a moisture conte

36、nt of 0.8 to 1.0 of the optimum moisture content determined in accordance with Test 12 of BS 1377.壓實過程中必須遵守含水量要求，因為過分潮濕或過分干燥的材料不僅難以壓實 ,而且還可能會導致回填強度低于設(shè)計值，并進而導致壓力上升。粉煤灰和粘性 材料尤其如此。為了到達所要求的壓實強度，粉煤灰最正確含水量應(yīng)設(shè)置為().8至L0 之間，具體應(yīng)根據(jù)BS 1377標準測試12相關(guān)規(guī)定來確定。Chalk undergoes physical degradation during handling, mainly

37、 in the excavation, spreading and compaction stages. The objective must be to retain the maximum possible amount of intact chalk rock at all stages whilst still complying with the compaction requirements of the Specification.白堊材料在處理過程中，主要是在挖掘、播撒和壓實等階段，會發(fā)生物理退化。 目標必須是在以上所有階段中盡最大可能保持白堊巖石的完整，同時應(yīng)遵守本規(guī) 范的相

38、關(guān)要求。6/1July 19871987年7月Chapter 6第6章Volume 2 Section 1第2卷第1節(jié)BD 30/87Construction DetailsBD 30/87施工細節(jié)Drainage排水溝Surface drainage must be provided to drain surface water away from an earth retaining structure or the backfill.必須提供地面排水設(shè)施從而將地表水從擋土結(jié)構(gòu)或回填結(jié)構(gòu)上面排除。Sub-surface drainage is important for an earth

39、retaining structure and must be shown in detail on the contract drawings.地下排水對于擋土結(jié)構(gòu)非常重要，必須在合同圖紙上予以詳細注明。In order to collect and dispose of any water percolating through the fill a continuous system of porous or perforated drainpipes not less than 150mm diameter shall be provided adjacent to, and at t

40、he rear of the vertical stem of the wall at the level of the top of the footing. For ease of maintenance, facilities should be included for rodding the whole length of the system from inspection manholes positioned at the foot of the wall. Weep holes located just above ground level can provide a use

41、ful visual check that the system is functioning correctly, and will limit the rise in water level in the event of a drainage failure.為了對滲透穿過回填層的水進行收集和處置，應(yīng)提供一套由直徑不小于150mm的 多孔或穿孔排水管構(gòu)成的連續(xù)排水系統(tǒng)，該排水系統(tǒng)應(yīng)設(shè)置在擋土墻垂直主干的 附近以及后部，同時、排水系統(tǒng)水平高度應(yīng)與墊層頂部保持一致。為了便于維護 ,應(yīng)提供相關(guān)設(shè)備從而能夠通過位于擋土墻墻腳的檢查人孔使用圓棒對系統(tǒng)通長 進行檢查。正好位于地面上的泄水孔可以充當一

42、個有用的目視檢查孔，用以檢查 系統(tǒng)是否正常工作，同時，在排水出現(xiàn)故障的情況下，泄水孔能夠限制水位上升 OFor selected granular backfill a vertical permeable layer shall be provided at the back of the wall consisting of the following materials as described in the Specification:對于精選粒狀材料回填，應(yīng)在擋土墻反面設(shè)置一個垂直滲透層，滲透層應(yīng)由規(guī)范 中說明的以下材料構(gòu)成：Precast hollow concrete block

43、s.(a)預制空心混凝土塊。Cast in-situ porous no fines concrete.(b)現(xiàn)澆多孔無砂混凝土。Granular drainage layer.(c)顆粒排水層。When drainage materials of the types (a) and (b) above are used, they shall be capable of withstanding any horizontal pressure likely to be exerted through the backfill. These drainage materials are not

44、 recommended when the backfill contains materials susceptible to piping such as silt, chalk or PFA.July 19876/11987年7月Volume 2 Section 1第2卷第1節(jié)BD 30/87BD 30/87Chapter 6 第6章Construction Details施工細節(jié)當使用上述（a）和（b）類排水材料時，它們應(yīng)能夠承受回填可能施加的任何水 平壓力。當回填材料中含有諸如淤泥、白堊材料或粉煤灰等容易阻塞管道的材料 時，不建議使用此類排水材料。6.3.6 When drainag

45、e material type （c） is used, it must satisfy the following criteria, which shall be included in the Contract as additional requirements pending revision of the Specification:當使用（c）類排水材料時，材料必須滿足以下標準，該標準應(yīng)作為規(guī)范有待修訂 的額外要求包括在合同之中：6/1July 19871987年7月Chapter 6第6章Construction Details施工細節(jié)Volume 2 Section 1第2卷

46、第1節(jié)BD 30/87BD 30/876/2Piping ratio, defined as 管道比率，其定義為15 pe】cent size of the diainage material85 per cent size of the backfill material排水物料粒度的15%回填物料粒度的85%Permeability ratio, defined as 滲透比率，其定義為15 per cent size of the drainage material15 per cent size of the backfill material5排水物料粒度的15% 5回填物料粒度的1

47、5%The per cent size of a material is the size of particle corresponding to the given per cent ordinate of the particle size distribution chart.物料粒度百分比是粒度分布圖給定的百分比坐標所對應(yīng)的粒度。The vertical drainage layer should connect with the drainage pipes.垂直排水層應(yīng)與排水管連接在一起。In highly permeable backfill a vertical draina

48、ge layer may be omitted.在高滲透性回填中，垂直排水層可以省略。When selected cohesive material, PFA or chalk are used as backfill, the following provisions shall be made:當使用精選粘性材料、粉煤灰或白堊材料作為回填材料時，應(yīng)遵守以下規(guī)定：A layer of granular fill not less than 500mm thick shall be placed on top of the fill and below the road foundation

49、level. This layer shall connect with the vertical drainage layer described below.(a)在回填層上方和路基下方應(yīng)設(shè)置一層厚度不低于500mm的顆粒材料填充層。 顆粒材料填充層應(yīng)與以下垂直排水層連接在一起。A vertical drainage layer of thickness not less than 300mm of fine aggregate of grading C or M complying with BS 882: Table 5 shall be provided behind the wal

50、l. The layer shall connect with the drainage system at the base of the structure.(b)應(yīng)在擋土墻后面提供一層厚度不低于300mm的符合BS 882標準表5的C級或M 級細集料垂直排水層。該垂直排水層應(yīng)在結(jié)構(gòu)基礎(chǔ)位置與排水系統(tǒng)連接在一起。July 19871987年7月Volume 2 Section 1第2卷第1節(jié)BD 30/87BD 30/87Chapter 6第6章Construction Details施工細節(jié)A horizontal drainage layer 450mm thick shall be

51、placed beneath the fill.The top 200mm of this layer will be of fine aggregate of grading C or M complying with BS 882: Table 5, the remaining 250mm will be of Type B filter material complying with Clause 505 of the Specification. This layer shall connect with the drainage system at the base of the s

52、tructure. This layer can be omitted if the underlying soil is highly permeable, (c)應(yīng)在回填層下方設(shè)置一層厚度為450mm的水平排水層。該水平排水層的頂部 應(yīng)為一層厚度為200mm的符合BS 882標準表5的C級或M級細集料；剩余250mm部 分那么為符合規(guī)范第505條款的B型過濾材料。該水平排水層應(yīng)在結(jié)構(gòu)基礎(chǔ)位置與排 水系統(tǒng)連接在一起。如果底層土壤具備高度可滲透性，那么可以省略本層。When PFA is used as the fill material the components of the drain

53、age system at the base of the structure shall be resistant to the effect of sulphates.(d)當把粉煤灰用作回填材料時，結(jié)構(gòu)底部的排水系統(tǒng)組件應(yīng)具備抗硫酸鹽腐蝕 性能。Proprietary drainage materials can be used as permeable backing provided they have a British Board of Agrement Roads and Bridges Certificate registered with the Department of

54、 Transport.專利排水材料可以用作滲透背襯，前提是此類材料擁有在交通部注冊的英國審查 委員會(British Board of Agrement)道路和橋梁證書。When PFA is used as the backfilling material, there is a danger that it may turn into a slurry as a result of accidental flooding forming voids in the mass of the backfill. This can happen during construction as wel

55、l as afterwards. Due precaution should therefore be taken at the design stage to reduce the likelihood of water leakage in the vicinity of the PFA fill by specifying leak-proof joints in any drains and if necessary rerouteing any water mains.當將煤灰用作回填材料時，在回填結(jié)構(gòu)體因洪水而形成空隙的情況下，存在粉煤 灰遇水變成漿料的危險。在施工期間以及完工之后

56、都可能發(fā)生此類情況。因此， 應(yīng)在設(shè)計階段采取適當?shù)念A防措施以降低粉煤灰回填附近發(fā)生水泄漏的可能性， 其中包括在所有排水管上都使用防漏接頭，如果需要的話，對任何水管進行重新 布線鋪設(shè)。6.4 Protection of Structural Materials結(jié)構(gòu)材料的保護Some protection of concrete and steel in the retaining structure against injurious leachates originating from the mass of the fill material is achieved by the provi

57、sion of adequate drainage as specified in 6.3. As an additional precaution, those parts of the retaining structure which will be in contact with soil shall be coated prior to backfilling with at least two coats of a material approved for waterproofing below-ground concrete surfaces and complying wit

58、h Clause 2004 of the Specification.根據(jù)6.3條款的規(guī)定提供足夠的排水設(shè)施，從而為圍護結(jié)構(gòu)中的混凝土和鋼筋提供某些6/26/2July 19871987年7月Volume 2 Section 1第2卷第1節(jié)BD 30/87BD 30/87Chapter 6第6章Construction Details施工細節(jié)保護，使其免遭回填材料體中產(chǎn)生的有害滲瀝液的侵害。作為一項額外預防措施，在 回填之前，應(yīng)對那些將與泥土接觸的圍護結(jié)構(gòu)局部噴施至少兩層防水涂層，涂層材料 應(yīng)為經(jīng)批準的地下混凝土外表用防水材料，并應(yīng)符合規(guī)范第2004條款相關(guān)規(guī)定。6/2July 1987198

59、7年7月Volume 2 Section 1第2卷第1節(jié)BD 30/87BD 30/87Chapter 6 第6章Construction Details施工細節(jié)6.5 Frost Protection防凍保護PFA, selected cohesive material and chalk are susceptible to frost damage. When such materials are used for backfilling all exposed surfaces of earthwork must consist of a 450mm thick layer of ot

60、her acceptable fill material.粉煤灰、精選粘性材料和白堊材料均將易受凍害。當將此類材料用于回填時，所有土 方工程的暴露外表都必須加蓋一層厚度為450mm的其他可接受回填材料。6/3July 19871987年7月Volume 2 Section 1第2卷第1節(jié)Chapter 7第7章BD 30/87ReferencesBD 30/87參考文獻REFERENCES參考文獻Specification for Highway Works - 6th Edition, Department of Transport, HMSO 1986. 公路工程規(guī)范-第六版,交通部，HM