人教版(新教材)高中英語選修2Unit5 First Aid精品學(xué)案：Grammar-Review of the -ing form

1、GrammarReview of the -ing form語法導(dǎo)學(xué) 感悟規(guī)律重點難點剖析 Vr語法感知感知以下課文原句，補全方框下的小題It also helps control your body temperature, prevents your body from losing too much water, warns you when things are too hot or cold, and gives you your sense of touch.As you can imagine, getting burnt can lead to very serious inj

2、uries.The first and most important step in the treatment of bums is giving first aid.Place burns under cool running water, especially within the first ten minutes. Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary， unless you see the fabric sticking to the burntskin.以上句子中，句1中的。.-ing形式在句中作賓語;句2中的v.-ing形

3、式在句中作主語;句3中的v.-ing形式在句中作表語;句4中的o.-ing形式在句中作定語;句5中的v.-ing形 式在句中作狀語。r語法精析概念：動詞-ing形式是動詞的一種非謂語形式，包括現(xiàn)在分詞和動名詞兩種。 動詞-ing形式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)：語態(tài)時主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done動詞.ing形式在句中的語法作用：動名詞在句中作主語、賓語、表語和定語，現(xiàn)在分詞 在句中作表語、狀語、賓語補足語和定語。一、動詞ing形式作主語動詞-ing形式作主語時，往往表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動作，通常置于句首。Reading alo

4、ud is a good way to learn a language.大聲朗讀是學(xué)習(xí)語言的一種好方法。Wasting a person s time is the same as killing him for his property.浪費別人的時間無異于謀財 害命。注意：(1)不定式作主語表示具體的或一次性的動作。To lie to her is wrong.對她撒謊不對。動名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Climbing mountains is really difficult for the old.對于老人來說爬山確實困難。二、動詞ing形式作賓語.作動詞的賓語常接動詞-ing形

5、式作賓語的動詞可用下面的口訣幫助記憶：防止錯過少延期(avoid, miss, postpone)建議完成多練習(xí)(advise/suggest, finish, practise)喜歡想象禁不住(enjoy, imagine, can t help)成認(rèn)否認(rèn)與嫉妒(admit, deny, envy)逃避冒險莫原諒(escape, risk, excuse)忍受保持不介意(stand, keep, mind)Would you mind opening the window?你介意翻開窗子嗎？I don t like watching television but I enjoy listen

6、ing to the radio.我不喜歡看電視，但是喜歡聽收音機。He tried to avoid answering my questions.他試圖對我的問題避而不答。.作動詞短語的賓語常見的跟動詞-ing形式作賓語的動詞短語有:insist on, object to, be good at, be fond of, lead to, put off, give up, look forward to, feel like, devote.to, get/be used to, pay attention to, be worth 等 He insisted on doing it

7、in his own way.他堅持要按照自己的方法做。.在有些動詞的后面，如：start, begin, continue等既可接動名詞也可接不定式作賓語，兩 者意義區(qū)別不大。They continued working/to work as if nothing had happened.他們繼續(xù)工作，似乎什么也沒發(fā)生 過。.有些動詞(短語)后跟不定式和動詞-ing形式作賓語均可，但含義不同。常見的有：動詞賓語的形式意義forgetto do忘記做doing忘記做過rememberto do記著要去做doing記得做過regretto do遺憾/抱歉要做doing后悔做了tryto do盡

8、力做doing嘗試做meanto do打算做doing意味著go onto do接著做（另外一件事）doing接著做（問件事）stopto do停下來去做doing停止做Please remember to give my best regards to your family.請記著代我向你的家人問好。I still remember visiting the museum for the first time.我仍記得第一次參觀博物館的情景。.以下動詞可接動詞-ing形式的主動形式表示被動意義，相當(dāng)于不定式的被動形式。 need/want/require/deserve doing = n

9、eed/want/require/deserve to be doneThe bike needs repairing/to be repaired.這輛自行車需要修理。三、動詞-ing形式作表語作表語的動詞-ing形式包括現(xiàn)在分詞和動名詞。.現(xiàn)在分詞作表語，往往具有形容詞的性質(zhì)，說明主語的性質(zhì)、特征等。作表語的現(xiàn)在分詞， 許多是由能夠表示人們某種感情或情緒的動詞變化而來的。常見的有：moving, interesting, encouraging, exciting, inspiring, boring, surprising, puzzling, amusing, astonishing.

10、這類分 詞有“令人的”的含義，常修飾物。The argument is very convincing.這個論點很令人信服。Your speech is very interesting and encouraging.你的演講很有趣而且很鼓舞人。注意：不定式和動詞-ed形式也可作表語，但不定式通常強調(diào)一次性的、具體的、將要發(fā)生的 動作，動詞-ed形式那么表示被動、完成含義。.動名詞作表語多表示抽象性的或習(xí)慣性的動作，一般說明主語的內(nèi)容。Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible.=Keeping the lecture h

11、all as clean as possible is her job .她的工作是盡量使報告廳保持干凈。四、動詞ing形式作定語動名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞都可以作定語，但有所區(qū)別。.動名詞作定語表示被修飾詞的某種性能或用途，相當(dāng)于for引導(dǎo)的介詞短語。No one is allowed to speak aloud in the reading room.閱覽室里不準(zhǔn)大聲說話。.現(xiàn)在分詞作定語時，它和被修飾詞之間有邏輯上的主動關(guān)系，表示所修飾詞進(jìn)行的動作, 相當(dāng)于一個定語從句。The boy playing football on the playground is my younger brothe

12、r.= The boy that/who is playing football on the playground is my younger brother.在操場上踢足球的那個男孩是我的弟弟。注意：現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞和不定式作定語的一般區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進(jìn)行或習(xí)慣性的 動作；過去分詞表示被動或完成意義；不定式表示動作尚未發(fā)生。You should adapt to the changing situation.你應(yīng)該適應(yīng)不斷變化的形勢。The ground is covered with fallen leaves.地上滿是落葉。r m looking for a room to l

13、ive in.我正在找房子住。五、動詞ing形式作賓語補足語動詞-ing形式作賓語補足語時，表示正在進(jìn)行的動作或經(jīng)常存在的狀態(tài)。動詞-ing形式 常作以下動詞的賓語補足語。.表示感覺和心理狀態(tài)的感官動詞（短語）（常見的有see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, look at, listen to 等）+ sb.+doing sth.（作賓補）。I felt somebody standing behind me.我感覺有人站在我后面。I saw the little boy crying there.我看到小男孩在那兒哭。.表示指使意義的使

14、役動詞（常見的有have, let, keep, get, leave等）+ sb./sth.+doing sth.（作 賓補）。We kept the fire burning all night long.我們讓火整夜燃燒著。I won t have you running about in the room.我不允許你在房間里跑來跑去。注意：使役動詞接現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語表示“讓一直做某事。接不帶to的不定式作 賓語補足語表示“讓某人做某事”；接過去分詞作賓語補足語，表示“主語請某人做某事， 使完成某事或主語遭遇某事”。Be careful, or you 11 have your ha

15、nds hurt.留神，否那么你會弄傷手的。.用于with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中。I couldn t do my homework with the noise going on.由于噪音不斷，我沒法做家庭作業(yè)。With so many people looking at her, she felt nervous.這么多人看著她，她感到緊張。六、現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語的用法現(xiàn)在分詞（短語）在句中作狀語來修飾謂語動詞或整個句子，表示動作發(fā)生的時間、原因、 條件、結(jié)果、方式、讓步或伴隨狀況。.作時間狀語（相當(dāng)于一個時間狀語從句）。Walking in the park, she saw an old friend

16、.=When/While （she was） walking in the park, she saw an old friend.當(dāng)她在公園里散步時，她看到了她的一個老朋友。注意：當(dāng)表示正在進(jìn)行的動作時，可直接在分詞前面加上when/while,此時也可理解為狀語 從句的省略。.作原因狀語（一般可轉(zhuǎn)換成由as或because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句）Being ill, he couldn t go to school.=As he was ill, he couldn? t go to school.因為生病了，他無法去上學(xué)。.作條件狀語（一般放在句首，可轉(zhuǎn)換成由if, unless等連詞引導(dǎo)的

17、條件狀語從句） Working hard, you 11 make great progress.=If you work hard, you 11 make great progress.如果你努力工作，你將取得很大進(jìn)步。.作結(jié)果狀語現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語時，通常放在句末，中間用逗號隔開，表示一種順其自然、意料之中的 結(jié)果。The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, allowing more patients to be treated. 這家醫(yī)院最近得到一批新的醫(yī)療設(shè)備，這使更多的病人能得到治療。注意：現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語

18、，是隨著謂語動詞的發(fā)生而產(chǎn)生的自然結(jié)果，其邏輯主語往往是 前面整個句子所描述的情況，前面有時候可以加thus。而不定式作結(jié)果狀語時常表示出乎意 料的結(jié)果，有時前面可以加only。試比擬：He was caught in the rain, thus making himself catch a cold.被雨淋后他感冒 了。I hurried to school, only to And it was Sunday.我匆忙趕到學(xué)校，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)是星期天。.作讓步、方式和伴隨狀語現(xiàn)在分詞作讓步、方式和伴隨狀語時，說明動作發(fā)生的背景和情況。作伴隨狀語時，表示分 詞的動作和主句的動作同時發(fā)生，此時它可轉(zhuǎn)

19、換成并列句。Mary sat by the window of the classroom, reading a book.= Mary sat by the window of the classroom and was reading a book.瑪麗坐在教室的窗邊讀一本書。注意：.為強調(diào)動詞-ing形式表達(dá)的意義，可在其前加上各種連詞。例如，加上when, while,強 調(diào)與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生；加上before, after,強調(diào)動作先后發(fā)生；加上thus,強調(diào)結(jié)果；加上 (al)though,強調(diào)讓步等。Though knowing all this, they made me pa

20、y for the damage.盡管他們了解這一切，但還是讓我賠償損失。.當(dāng)現(xiàn)在分詞的動作先發(fā)生，而謂語動詞的動作后發(fā)生時，用分詞的完成式。Having finished the letter, he went to post it.他寫完信后就把它寄了出去。(having finished是先發(fā)生的，went是后發(fā)生的).動詞-ing 形式的否認(rèn)式：not+o.-ing; not having+u.-edNot knowing this, he didn, t come.他不知道這件事，所以沒來。Not having made full preparations, we put off t

21、he sports meeting.因為沒有做好充分的準(zhǔn)備，我們把運動會延期了。.有些現(xiàn)在分詞在句中沒有邏輯主語，它們往往作為句子的評注性狀語來修飾整個句子，表 明說話者的態(tài)度、觀點等。例如：generally speaking “一般來說，judging by/from“從來判斷 ，taking everything into consideration ”從全盤考慮”。Judging from his behaviour, he must be mad.從他的行為來判斷，他一定是瘋了。達(dá)標(biāo)檢測 當(dāng)堂檢測基礎(chǔ)達(dá)標(biāo)演練I.單句語法填空On a sunny day, after lunch, s

22、he sat there, reading(read) a novel.Not knowing(not know) where to go, she went to the police for help. There was a terrible noise following(follow) the sudden burst of light.Judging(judge) from her letters, mother seems to be feeling a lot better. Having lived(live) in Beijing for many years, Carte

23、r knew the city well.Whether you like it or not, travelling(travel) is interesting as well as tiring.Though she has little education, she insists on her son going(go) to college.The teacher told the students to stop writing(write) and to listen(listen) to him.They were very excited(excite) at the ne

24、ws that someone would lend them money.Don t have the students studying(study) all day, which will reduce their interest in study.II.語法填空Today, Mount Qomolangma s peak is not a lonely place any more.Over 3,500 people have 11.(successful) climbed the mountain over the past years.Meanwhile, climbers ha

25、ve complained about 12.(wait) for hours in the bottlenecks.In fact, the dangerous 13.(crowd) aren t the only problem.All those climbers need 14.(bring) a lot of gear(裝置)and much of them ends up being left on the mountains.Mount Qomolangma is becoming the world? s 15.(tall) rubbish dump.But the good

26、news is 16. some mountaineers are taking it upon themselves to clean up Qomolangma.Mountaineers Paul and Eberhard are part of Eco Everest Expedition which has been cleaning up rubbish since 2008.So far they 17.(collect) over 13 tons of garbage.Some of that rubbish is even being used for 18. higher p

27、urpose.As part of the Mount Everest 8844 Art Project, a group of 15 artists from Nepal collected 1.5 tons of garbage.They ve changed the cans and oxygen tanks into 74 pieces of art that have been exhibited 19.Nepal s capital.Part of the profit from sales 20.(be) available for the Everest Peakeers Association which has helped collect tons of rubbish off the mou