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1、2 分)C.蛋白質(zhì)D.糖類B.點(diǎn)燃酒精燈D.稀釋濃硫酸 )Cl 3取樣,加稀硫酸加熱固體混合物將帶火星的木條伸入集氣瓶?jī)?nèi)2019 年河北省中考化學(xué)試卷一、選擇題1-13 題為單選題,每小題只有一個(gè)選項(xiàng)符合題意,每小題1 面粉中富含的營(yíng)養(yǎng)素是)A.維生素B.油脂2如圖所示實(shí)驗(yàn)操作錯(cuò)誤的是)A.取用液體C.讀取液體體積3下列有關(guān)金屬及合金的說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤的是A.常溫下所有的金屬都是固體B.鐵制品在潮濕的空氣中易生銹C.生鐵和不銹鋼都是金屬材料D.鋁片表面易生成致密的氧化膜4下列化學(xué)用語(yǔ)表示正確的是A.兩個(gè)氧分子O2B.氯化鋁中鋁元素的化合價(jià)-C.氯酸鉀-KC1QD.鈉原子的結(jié)構(gòu)示意圖5.常溫下,對(duì)100

2、mL氯化鈉飽和溶液進(jìn)圖示實(shí)驗(yàn)。下列分析錯(cuò)誤的是()A.實(shí)驗(yàn)1后,甲、乙中溶液的溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)相等B.實(shí)驗(yàn)2后,乙中比甲中氯化鈉的溶解度大C.實(shí)驗(yàn)2后,甲中溶液為氯化鈉的不飽和溶液D.實(shí)驗(yàn)2后,甲、乙中溶液所含溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量相等6下列實(shí)驗(yàn)操作可以達(dá)到實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康氖?選項(xiàng) 實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康膶?shí)驗(yàn)操作A鑒別木炭粉和氧化銅粉末B除去MnO中少量的KMnOC檢驗(yàn)氧氣是否收集滿D分離CaCl2和CaCO的固體混合物加足量水溶解,蒸發(fā)A AB BC CD DB.發(fā)展燃煤火力發(fā)電D.限制燃放煙花爆竹)B.分子的體積變小D.分子的間隙變小7.將一定量的鐵粉加入到含有Cu (NO) 2和AgNO的廢液中,充分反應(yīng)后過(guò)濾,向?yàn)V渣中加入稀

3、鹽酸,無(wú)氣泡產(chǎn)生。下列判斷正確的()A.濾渣中一定含有 Ag和Cu,濾液中一定含有 Fe (NQ) 2B.濾渣中一定不含 Fe,濾液中一定含有 Fe (NO) 2和Cu (NO) 2C.濾渣中一定含有 Ag,濾液中可能含有 Cu (NQ) 2和AgNOD.濾渣中一定含有 Ag和Cu,濾液中可能含有 Cu (NO) 2和AgNO8下列措施不利于“堅(jiān)決打好藍(lán)天保衛(wèi)戰(zhàn)”的()A.禁止露天焚燒秸稈C.推廣新能源公交車9如圖實(shí)驗(yàn)中的水發(fā)生了化學(xué)變化的(A.排水法收集氧氣B.探究液體壓強(qiáng)的特點(diǎn)C.探究水的組成D.探究流體壓強(qiáng)與流速的關(guān)系10生活中的下列做法合理的()A.樓房著火時(shí)乘電梯逃生B.保存海鮮時(shí)用

4、甲醛溶液浸泡C.在高原上用高壓鍋煮飯D.雷雨時(shí)打著傘在開(kāi)闊地行走11 下列對(duì)物質(zhì)的分類正確的()A.晶體-鋁、冰、海波B.絕緣體-塑料、橡膠、石墨C.混合物-乙醇、海水、碳酸氫鈉D.復(fù)合肥料-尿素、硝酸鉀、磷酸二氫鏤12壓縮氣體可使氣體液化,氣體液化后(A.分子的質(zhì)量變大C.分子的數(shù)目減少13下列推理正確的()A.氧化物都含有氧元素,則含有氧元素的物質(zhì)一定是氧化物B.同種元素的原子質(zhì)子數(shù)相同,則質(zhì)子數(shù)相同的原子一定是同種元素C.帶異種電荷的兩個(gè)物體相互吸引,則相互吸引的兩個(gè)物體一定帶異種電荷D.物體做勻速直線運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)速度大小不變,則速度大小不變的運(yùn)動(dòng)一定是勻速直線運(yùn)動(dòng)二、填空題(每空 1分)(3

5、分)如圖所示為粉塵爆炸的實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置。用打氣筒向容器內(nèi)打氣吹散面粉,瞬間發(fā)生爆炸,軟橡膠片被沖飛,蠟燭熄滅。(1)吹散面粉的目的是增大 的接觸面積。(2)軟橡膠片被沖飛時(shí)內(nèi)能轉(zhuǎn)化為 。(3)蠟燭熄滅的原因是。(3分)用天然氣熱水器(如圖所示)將質(zhì)量為 40kg,溫度為15c的水加熱到40 C,完 全燃燒了的天然氣。(1)天然氣的主要成分為 CH. CH完全燃燒的化學(xué)方程式為: 。(2)水需吸收 J的熱量。(3)熱水器的效率為 %水的比熱容是X 103J (kg?C)、天然氣的熱值是X 107J/m3)。(5分)理化知識(shí)在生產(chǎn),生活中有廣泛的應(yīng)用。(1)空氣中能供給呼吸的氣體是 。(2)幼兒及青少年

6、缺 元素會(huì)患佝僂病和發(fā)育不良。(3)冰箱中放入活性炭除異味,利用了活性炭的 性。(4)打開(kāi)汽水瓶蓋,有氣泡冒出,說(shuō)明氣體溶解度隨壓強(qiáng)減小而 。(5)純棉、滌綸和聚酯纖維三種布料中, 的吸水性和透氣性較好。(5分)根據(jù)如圖所小的實(shí)驗(yàn)回答問(wèn)題。(1)甲為蒸發(fā)溶液的實(shí)驗(yàn)。加熱時(shí)若不攪拌,造成的后果是 ;當(dāng)觀察到 時(shí), 停止加熱。(2)乙為通過(guò)紅磷燃燒前后質(zhì)量的測(cè)定驗(yàn)證質(zhì)量守恒定律的實(shí)驗(yàn)。用紅熱的玻璃管引燃紅磷,實(shí)驗(yàn)現(xiàn)象是:紅磷燃燒,產(chǎn)生 ,放出大量熱。實(shí)驗(yàn)中氣球的作用除了使裝 置密閉之外,還可以防止;實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí)若取用紅磷的量不足, 對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)的結(jié)果 (選 填“有”或“沒(méi)有”)影響。(4分)AG表示初中化學(xué)常

7、見(jiàn)的物質(zhì),它們之間的轉(zhuǎn)化關(guān)系如圖所示(部分生成物已略去)。其中A B、C中均含有同一種元素,D是溫室氣體,G是重要調(diào)味品。請(qǐng)回答下列問(wèn)題:G的化學(xué)式為 。(2)反應(yīng)的基本反應(yīng)類型為: 。(3)反應(yīng)的化學(xué)方程式為: 。F的一種用途是:。三、解答題(共1小題,滿分7分)(7分)興趣小組在課外實(shí)驗(yàn)中意外發(fā)現(xiàn):將鎂條放入NaCQ溶液中,快速產(chǎn)生較多氣泡,有白色沉淀生成。小組同學(xué)對(duì)此進(jìn)行了系列探究活動(dòng)。探究1:反應(yīng)產(chǎn)生的氣體是什么【作出猜想】小組同學(xué)經(jīng)查閱資料和討論,根據(jù)化學(xué)變化過(guò)程中元素不變,且反應(yīng)物中含有 三種元素,作出如下猜想:氫氣;二氧化碳;氫氣和二氧化碳?!緦?shí)驗(yàn)1】取適量鎂條、100 mL N

8、a2CO溶液于反應(yīng)裝置 A中,按如圖1所示方案進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn),B中石灰水不變渾濁;C處氣體燃燒,燒杯內(nèi)壁有水珠。說(shuō)明猜想正確。(1)反應(yīng)裝置A應(yīng)選用圖2中的 (填寫序號(hào))。(2)小組同學(xué)討論認(rèn)為,上述實(shí)驗(yàn)中“燒杯內(nèi)壁有水珠”作為“反應(yīng)產(chǎn)生的氣體是氫氣”的證據(jù)不可靠。為使這一證據(jù)可靠,且仍能一次性地驗(yàn)證三個(gè)猜想,只需在圖1所示方案的基礎(chǔ)上加以改進(jìn)完善。你的改進(jìn)方案是 。探究H:快速產(chǎn)生氣體的原因是什么【查閱資科】鎂與水緩慢反應(yīng)生成氫氣:NazCO溶液顯堿性,其溶液中除 Na+、CO G中實(shí)驗(yàn)的作用是。 (2)試劑X是。外,+.還有OH。【作出猜想】可能是 NaO溶液中的某一種離子促進(jìn)了鎂與水的反應(yīng)。【

9、實(shí)驗(yàn)2】按圖3所示方案進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)。 G I中緩慢產(chǎn)生氣泡,H中快速產(chǎn)生較多氣泡,說(shuō)明是CO2而不是Na+、OH促進(jìn)了鎂與水的反應(yīng)。探究出:反應(yīng)產(chǎn)生的白色沉淀中是否含有MgCO【實(shí)驗(yàn)3】取實(shí)驗(yàn)1反應(yīng)生成的沉淀于試管中,加入試劑Y,根據(jù)實(shí)驗(yàn)現(xiàn)象說(shuō)明白色沉淀中含有MgCQ試劑Y及實(shí)驗(yàn)現(xiàn)象為 ,該反應(yīng)的化學(xué)方程式為 。反思交流:有些偉大的發(fā)現(xiàn)就是從異?,F(xiàn)象中得到啟發(fā),通過(guò)深入研究而實(shí)現(xiàn)的。四、計(jì)算應(yīng)用題(本大題共1個(gè)小題:第20小題5分.解答時(shí),要求有必要的文字說(shuō)明,公式和計(jì)生驟答,最結(jié)果不得分)(5分)為測(cè)定某 CuSO溶液中溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)分?jǐn)?shù),取150g CuSO4溶液,平均分為三份,每份樣品均按如圖所示

10、進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn),實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)見(jiàn)下表。請(qǐng)計(jì)算:實(shí)驗(yàn)1實(shí)驗(yàn)2實(shí)驗(yàn)3樣品質(zhì)量/g505050NaOFHM質(zhì)量 /g204060m/g50g CuSQ溶液完全反應(yīng)時(shí),所得沉淀的質(zhì)星為 goCuSO溶液中溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)。2019 年河北省中考化學(xué)試卷參考答案與試題解析一、選擇題(1-13 題為單選題,每小題只有一個(gè)選項(xiàng)符合題意,每小題2 分) 【解答】解:面粉中富含淀粉,淀粉屬于糖類。故選:D。.【解答】 解:A、向試管中傾倒液體藥品時(shí),瓶塞要倒放,標(biāo)簽要對(duì)準(zhǔn)手心,瓶口緊挨; 圖中所示操作正確。日使用酒精燈時(shí)要注意“兩查、兩禁、一不可”,禁止用一酒精燈去引燃另一酒精燈,圖中所示操作錯(cuò)誤。C量筒讀數(shù)時(shí)視線要與量筒內(nèi)

11、液體的凹液面的最低處保持水平,圖中所示操作正確。D稀釋濃硫酸時(shí),要把濃硫酸緩緩地沿器壁注入水中,同時(shí)用玻璃棒不斷攪拌,以使熱 量及時(shí)的擴(kuò)散;一定不能把水注入濃硫酸中;圖中所示操作正確。故選: B。.【解答】 解:A、不是常溫下所有的金屬都是固體,常溫下汞是液體,故選項(xiàng)說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤。 日鐵在空氣中銹蝕,實(shí)際上是鐵跟空氣中的氧氣和水共同作用的結(jié)果,鐵制品在潮濕的 空氣中易生銹,故選項(xiàng)說(shuō)法正確。C生鐵和不銹鋼都是鐵的合金,都是金屬材料,故選項(xiàng)說(shuō)法正確。D鋁在空氣中能與氧氣反應(yīng),其表面生成一層致密的氧化鋁薄膜,鋁片表面易生成致密 的氧化膜,故選項(xiàng)說(shuō)法正確。 TOC o 1-5 h z 故選:A。.【解答】

12、 解:A.標(biāo)在分子符號(hào)前面的數(shù)字表示分子的個(gè)數(shù),兩個(gè)氧分子可表示為:2O2,故 A 錯(cuò)誤;B 標(biāo)在元素符號(hào)正上方的數(shù)字表示元素的化合價(jià),氯化鋁中鋁元素的化合價(jià)可表示為:;C.氯酸鉀是由鉀離子和氯酸根離子構(gòu)成的,.氯酸鉀可表示為:KClQ,故C正確;D.鈉原子的核外有11個(gè)電子,故其結(jié)構(gòu)示意圖為,故D錯(cuò)誤。故選: C。.【解答】解:A實(shí)驗(yàn)1后,甲、乙中溶液的溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)相等正確,正確但不符合題意,故選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤;日實(shí)驗(yàn)2后,乙中比甲中氯化鈉的溶解度大錯(cuò)誤,因?yàn)闇囟炔蛔?,溶解度不變,錯(cuò)誤符合題意,故選項(xiàng)正確;C實(shí)驗(yàn)2后,甲中溶液為氯化鈉的不飽和溶液正確,因?yàn)榧尤肓巳軇?,正確但不符合題意,故選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤;D

13、實(shí)驗(yàn)2后,甲、乙中溶液所含溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量相等正確,因?yàn)橐抑械娜苜|(zhì)不再溶解,正確但不符合題意,故選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤;故選:B。.【解答】 解:A氧化銅粉末能與稀硫酸反應(yīng)生成硫酸銅和水,會(huì)觀察到黑色粉末溶解、溶液變藍(lán)色,木炭粉不能與稀硫酸反應(yīng),可以鑒別,故選項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)操作可以達(dá)到實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康?。日高鎰酸鉀在加熱條件下生成鎰酸鉀、二氧化鎰和氧氣,能除去雜質(zhì)但引入了新的雜質(zhì)錳酸鉀,不符合除雜原則,故選項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)操作不能達(dá)到實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康?。C檢驗(yàn)氧氣是否收集滿時(shí),應(yīng)將帶火星的木條放在集氣瓶口,不能伸入瓶中,故選項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)操作不能達(dá)到實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康?。D氯化鈣易溶于水,碳酸鈣難溶于水,加足量水溶解,過(guò)來(lái),蒸發(fā),故選項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)操作不能達(dá)到實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康?。故選:A。

14、.【解答】 解:向含有Cu (NO) 2和AgNO的廢液中加入一定量的鐵粉,由于金屬的活潑性 是:鐵銅銀。則鐵粉首先與硝酸銀反應(yīng)生成硝酸亞鐵和銀,硝酸銀全部參加反應(yīng)后硝酸銅與鐵反應(yīng)。濾渣中加入稀鹽酸,沒(méi)有氣泡產(chǎn)生,則濾渣中一定沒(méi)有Fe, 一定有Ag,可能有Cu.濾液中一定有 Fe (NO) 2,可能含有 AgNO、Cu (NO) 2。 TOC o 1-5 h z 故選:C。.【解答】 解:A、就地焚燒秸稈會(huì)產(chǎn)生大量的煙塵,造成空氣污染,禁止露天焚燒秸稈,故有利于“堅(jiān)決打好藍(lán)天保衛(wèi)戰(zhàn)”;日燃煤火力發(fā)電產(chǎn)生大量的空氣的污染物,所以發(fā)展燃煤火力發(fā)電不利于“堅(jiān)決打好藍(lán)天保衛(wèi)戰(zhàn)”;C新能源公交車不污染環(huán)

15、境,所以推廣新能源公交車,利于“堅(jiān)決打好藍(lán)天保衛(wèi)戰(zhàn)”;D燃放煙花爆竹能產(chǎn)生空氣污染物,所以限制燃放煙花爆竹,可減少空氣污染,故利于“堅(jiān)決打好藍(lán)天保衛(wèi)戰(zhàn)”。故選:B。.【解答】解:A、排水法收集氧氣的過(guò)程中沒(méi)有新物質(zhì)生成,屬于物理變化;日探究液體壓強(qiáng)的特點(diǎn)的過(guò)程中沒(méi)有新物質(zhì)生成,屬于物理變化;C探究水的組成過(guò)程中有新物質(zhì)氫氣與氧氣生成,屬于化學(xué)變化;D探究流體壓強(qiáng)與流速的關(guān)系的過(guò)程中沒(méi)有新物質(zhì)生成,屬于物理變化;故選:C。.【解答】解:A、在火災(zāi)情況下,電梯的供電系統(tǒng)會(huì)隨時(shí)斷電,或是電氣線路被燒毀而停電,電梯受熱后其轎廂會(huì)失控甚至變形卡住,人在其中很危險(xiǎn);煙霧會(huì)向電梯井道內(nèi)躥,濃煙很容易進(jìn)入轎廂

16、,最終導(dǎo)致人窒息而亡,故不能乘電梯逃生,故A錯(cuò)誤;日甲醛會(huì)與蛋白質(zhì)發(fā)生反應(yīng),破壞蛋白質(zhì)的結(jié)構(gòu),使其變質(zhì),不能用于保存海鮮,故B錯(cuò)誤;C海拔越高,氣壓越低,沸點(diǎn)與氣壓有關(guān),氣壓越低,沸點(diǎn)越低,根據(jù)氣壓與液體沸點(diǎn)的知識(shí)可知,在高原上用普通鍋煮食物時(shí),普通鍋的密封性能較差,鍋內(nèi)氣壓較小,使得水的沸點(diǎn)小于100,故在海拔很高的地區(qū)一般用高壓鍋才能煮熟食物,故C 正確;D雷雨時(shí)打著傘在開(kāi)闊地行走,雨傘會(huì)充當(dāng)高大物體,人體是導(dǎo)體,此時(shí)容易遭雷擊,故 D 錯(cuò)誤。 TOC o 1-5 h z 故選:C。.【解答】解:A鋁、冰、海波都屬于晶體,故 A正確;以石墨能夠?qū)щ?,具有?dǎo)電性,不是絕緣體,故B錯(cuò);C乙醇和

17、碳酸氫鈉都是由一種物質(zhì)組成,都屬于純凈物,故 C錯(cuò);D尿素中含有氮元素,屬于氮肥,故D錯(cuò)。故選:A。 【解答】解:壓縮氣體可使氣體液化,氣體液化后,分子之間間隔變小,分子的大小、質(zhì)量、數(shù)目都不變。故選:D。.【解答】解:A、氧化物必須由兩種元素組成,一種元素是氧元素的化合物,含有氧元素的物質(zhì)不一定是氧化物,例如氯酸鉀不屬于氧化物,故A錯(cuò);以決定元素種類的是質(zhì)子數(shù),同種元素的原子質(zhì)子數(shù)相同,則質(zhì)子數(shù)相同的原子一定是同種元素,故B 正確;C相互吸引的兩個(gè)物體不一定帶異種電荷,分子本身具有相互吸引力,故C錯(cuò);D速度大小不變的運(yùn)動(dòng)不一定是勻速直線運(yùn)動(dòng),故 D錯(cuò)。故選: B。二、填空題(每空1 分)【解

18、答】解: ( 1)吹散面粉的目的是增大面粉與空氣的接觸面積。故填:面粉與空氣;2)軟橡膠片被沖飛時(shí)內(nèi)能轉(zhuǎn)化為機(jī)械能;故填:機(jī)械能;3)面粉發(fā)生爆炸消耗了裝置內(nèi)的氧氣,由于氧氣不足,無(wú)法支持蠟燭的燃燒,所以蠟燭熄滅;故填:氧氣不足?!窘獯稹拷猓?( 1 )甲烷和氧氣在點(diǎn)燃的條件下生成水和二氧化碳,化學(xué)方程式為:CH4+2O2CO2+2H2O;(2)水的質(zhì)量 m= 40kg ,水吸收的熱量:QfR=cm (tt0)= x 103J/ (kg?C) x 40kg x (40C 15C) =x 106J;3)天然氣完全燃燒放出的熱量:Q放=Vq= x x 107J/m3=x 106J;該熱水器燒水時(shí)的

19、效率:= = 80%故答案為:( 1 ) CH4+2O2CO2+2H2O;X 106;3) 80?!窘獯稹拷猓?( 1)氧氣能供給呼吸,空氣中能供給呼吸的氣體是氧氣;故填:氧氣(或O2) ;2)幼兒及青少年缺鈣元素元素會(huì)患佝僂病和發(fā)育不良;故填:鈣(或Ca) ;3)活性炭具有疏松多孔的結(jié)構(gòu),可以吸附異味;故填:吸附;4)氣體的溶解度隨溫度的升高而減小,隨壓強(qiáng)的增大而增大;故填:減?。?)純棉屬于天然纖維,吸水性透氣性較好,滌綸和聚酯纖維屬于合成纖維,耐腐蝕,耐磨,不易變形;故填:純棉。【解答】解: ( 1)甲為蒸發(fā)溶液的實(shí)驗(yàn)。加熱時(shí)若不攪拌,造成的后果是液體飛濺;當(dāng)觀察到蒸發(fā)皿中出現(xiàn)較多固體時(shí)

20、,停止加熱。故填:液體飛濺;蒸發(fā)皿中出現(xiàn)較多固體。( 2)紅磷燃燒,產(chǎn)生白煙,放出大量熱;實(shí)驗(yàn)中氣球的作用除了使裝置密閉之外,還可以防止瓶塞飛出;實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí)若取用紅磷的量不足,對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)的結(jié)果沒(méi)有影響,這是因?yàn)闊o(wú)論紅磷是否完全反應(yīng),天平都保持平衡。故填:白煙;瓶塞飛出;沒(méi)有。31 .【解答】解:(1) AG表示初中化學(xué)常見(jiàn)的物質(zhì),其中 A B、C中均含有同一種元素,D 是溫室氣體,所以D 是二氧化碳,G 是重要調(diào)味品,所以G 是氯化鈉,二氧化碳和C 反應(yīng)會(huì)生成F,所以C是氫氧化鈉,F(xiàn)是碳酸鈉,B和氫氧化鈉會(huì)生成氯化鈉,所以B是鹽酸,碳酸鈉和E反應(yīng)會(huì)生成氯化鈉,所以 E是氯化鈣,A和鹽酸反應(yīng)生成氯化鈣,

21、所以 A是氫氧化鈣,經(jīng)過(guò)驗(yàn)證,推導(dǎo)正確,所以G的化學(xué)式為:NaCl;(2)反應(yīng)是鹽酸和氫氧化鈣反應(yīng)生成氯化鈣和水,基本反應(yīng)類型為:復(fù)分解反應(yīng)。(3)反應(yīng)是氫氧化鈉和鹽酸反應(yīng)生成氯化鈉和水,化學(xué)方程式為:NaOH+HC=NaCl+H2O;( 4) F 的一種用途是:生成玻璃。故答案為:( 1 ) NaCl;( 2)復(fù)分解反應(yīng)。(3) NaOH+HC= NaCl+H2。;( 4)生成玻璃。 TOC o 1-5 h z 三、解答題(共1 小題,滿分7 分)35 【解答】解:【作出猜想】據(jù)化學(xué)變化過(guò)程中元素不變,且反應(yīng)物是碳酸鈉溶液,結(jié)合給出的猜想,可知題目要求填寫的是碳?xì)溲跞N元素?!緦?shí)驗(yàn) 1 】(

22、 1 )因?yàn)閷?shí)驗(yàn)為“將鎂條放入Na2CO3 溶液中,快速產(chǎn)生較多氣泡,有白色沉淀生成”,即常溫下固體和液體反應(yīng),所以反應(yīng)裝置A應(yīng)選用圖2中的D (不選F是因?yàn)樯奢^多氣體) 。( 2)燒杯內(nèi)壁有水珠”作為“反應(yīng)產(chǎn)生的氣體是氫氣”的證據(jù)不可靠,這是因?yàn)榉磻?yīng)從液體中發(fā)生且生成氣體從溶液中逸出,所以不能說(shuō)明是因?yàn)樯闪藲錃?。為使這一證據(jù)可靠,且仍能一次性地驗(yàn)證三個(gè)猜想,只需在圖1 所示方案的基礎(chǔ)上加以改進(jìn)完善。你的改進(jìn)方案是在BC之間增加干燥裝置?!緦?shí)驗(yàn)2】(1)G中實(shí)驗(yàn)的作用是 對(duì)比,對(duì)比碳酸根離子和氫氧根離子存在和不存在的影響大小。(2)試劑X是要確定氫氧根離子的影響的,所以是氫氧化鈉溶液。探究

23、出:反應(yīng)產(chǎn)生的白色沉淀中是否含有 MgCO【實(shí)驗(yàn)3】取實(shí)驗(yàn)1反應(yīng)生成的沉淀于試管中,加入試劑Y,根據(jù)實(shí)驗(yàn)現(xiàn)象說(shuō)明白色沉淀中含有MgCQ由于給出的結(jié)論是碳酸鎂,所以應(yīng)該加入稀鹽酸或者稀硫酸等,有氣泡生成,該反應(yīng)的化學(xué)方程式為MgCQ+2HClMgCb+H2O+COT。答案為: 碳?xì)溲?。探?I : ( 1 ) D。(2)在BC之間增加干燥裝置。探究 II :( 1 )對(duì)比。( 2)氫氧化鈉溶液。探究出:稀鹽酸,有氣泡生成:MgCO+2HCl MgCb+HO+COT .。四、計(jì)算應(yīng)用題(本大題共1 個(gè)小題:第20 小題5 分解答時(shí),要求有必要的文字說(shuō)明,公式和計(jì)生驟答,最結(jié)果不得分)36 .【解答

24、】解:(1)第1次20g氫氧化鈉溶液對(duì)應(yīng)沉淀為-40g =,而第3次60g氫氧化鈉溶液時(shí)應(yīng)該為X 3=,實(shí)際為-40g =,說(shuō)明硫酸銅已經(jīng)完全反應(yīng),所得沉淀的質(zhì)星為, 故填: ;(2)設(shè)CuSO溶液中溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量為 xCuSO+2NaOH= Cu (OH 2J+N&SQ 16098x x= 8g CuSO溶液中溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為x 100% 16%答:CuSO溶液中溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為 16%2019年河北省中考英語(yǔ)試題(筆試部分Word版含解析)2019 年河北省初中畢業(yè)生升學(xué)文化課考試V. 單項(xiàng)選擇( 共 10 小題,每小題1 分,計(jì) 10 分 )-My ruler is broken. Can

25、I borrow-Of course. Here it is.A. his B. hers C. mine D. yoursI like this song. It s by one of my favorite.A. singers B. dancers C. painters D. writersThis story issimple English. My little sister can read it.A. for B. in C. with D. byThe High Speed Rail is amazing. It makes travel.A. easier B. hard

26、er C. higher D. slowerIt. Please take an umbrella with you, Annie.A. rains B. is raining C. rained D. was rainingOn the first day of Chinese New Year, wenew clothes and visitpeople.A. pick up B. put on C. take off D. throw awayThese cakeswith chocolate. Have one, please.A. fill B. filled C. are fill

27、ed D. were filledHeme his name, but I can t remember it now.A. tells B. will tell C. told D. is tellingSorry, I didn t see you, because Ia picture.A. draw B. drew C. was drawing D. have drawnKen waslate for school. The bell rang right after he entered theclassroom.A. still B. always C. already D. al

28、mostD 【解析】考查名詞性物主代詞的辨析。通過(guò)下文回答“當(dāng)然可以了,給你。 ”可知借 TOC o 1-5 h z 得是你的,所以選D。A 【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境翻譯為“我喜歡這首歌。它是我最喜歡的歌手 ( 唱得 ) ”,其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)分別為舞者,畫家和作家,跟songs 不符,故選歌手A。B 【解析】考查介詞的用法。in+ 語(yǔ)言,故選B。A 【解析】考查形容詞比較級(jí)詞義辨析。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境翻譯為“高鐵真令人驚異。它讓旅行更加的方便”。其他選項(xiàng)更困難、更高和更慢都不符合題意,故選AB 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。由“Please take an umbrella with you ”可知現(xiàn)在

29、正在下雨,選現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),故選BB 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境翻譯為“中國(guó)新年的第一天,我們穿上新衣服然后走親訪友” 。A、C、D分別為撿起、脫下;起飛、扔掉,不符合題意,故選 B.C 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。蛋糕和裝滿是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,而be filled with.是被 . 填滿,所以句子翻譯為“這個(gè)蛋糕注滿了巧克力”,故選C。C【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。由句意可知“他告訴過(guò)我他的名字,但我現(xiàn)在不記得了”告訴應(yīng)是過(guò)去的動(dòng)作,所以選過(guò)去時(shí)C。C 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境翻譯為“不好意思我剛剛沒(méi)看到你,我正在畫畫” ,由語(yǔ)境和didn t 可知,畫畫動(dòng)作為過(guò)去正在進(jìn)行的,所以選過(guò)去進(jìn)行

30、時(shí)C。D 【解析】考查副詞詞義的辨析。由The bell rang right after he entered theclassroom可知鈴聲正好是在他進(jìn)入教室之后響的,所以是差點(diǎn)遲到。A B、C選項(xiàng)分別為仍然、總是、和已經(jīng),只有D “幾乎”符合題意,故選D。VI. 完形填空(共 10小題,每小題1 分,計(jì) 10 分 )閱讀下面短文,掌握其大意,然后從各小題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。I have invented robots which improve the work of cars. Mylove of making things began 36 I was a kid. I

31、really became excited about inventing after I learned about Thomas Edison.One day in fourth grade, our 37 gave us a project in class. We had to write to a company and learn about the products. I thought and thought. 38 I chose the Thomas A. Edison Company. Soon after, the company sent me a book abou

32、t the life of Thomas Edison. HowI enjoyed reading and re-reading about his 39 ! I like the recorded sound and the electric light most. The inventions were clearly printed on my brain.My dad noticed my interest in inventing and 40 me. He showed me how to turn my ideas into plans and then into new thi

33、ngs. Once, I surprised my dad 41 a model plane I made. Later, we found a 42 model plane in a store. I learned that different inventors often invent similar things. It is not unusual for this to happen. I also learned that not all great ideas 43 . Failure is a common part of the inventing.As my fathe

34、r and I worked together, I began to realize that my dad was quite an inventor himself. He was always 44 a better way to do a simple job. His guiding hands, together with my45 in inventing, led meto become an engineer and an inventor. Of course, I also thank Thomas Edison. He is my hero.A. before B.

35、after C. when D. untilA. parent B. teacher C. inventor D. engineerA. Easily B. Finally C. Safely D. QuicklyA. lights B. projects C. suggestions D. inventionsA. mistook B. refused C. chose D. encouragedA. with B. about C. into D. fromA. different B. similar C. large D. smallA. work B. fail C. come D.

36、 endA. looking at B. looking for C. looking after D. looking throughA. habit B. story C. interest D. plan【參考答案】: 36-40 CBBDD 41-45 ABABC【語(yǔ)篇解讀】:本文體裁是一篇夾敘夾議文章,講述了我從小如何對(duì)發(fā)明感興趣,并且【逐題解析】 36.選C?!窘馕觥靠疾槊~辨析。由關(guān)鍵詞“故選B?!窘馕觥靠疾楦痹~辨析。根據(jù)前文“【解析】考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)下文“【解析】考查連詞辨析。帶入選項(xiàng),當(dāng)我四歲時(shí),我對(duì)于制造東西的愛(ài)開(kāi)始了。故在爸爸的帶領(lǐng)下從發(fā)明東西中悟出的一些道理。in f

37、ourth grade ”和“ in class ”可以推出。 TOC o 1-5 h z I thought and thought. ”可以推出。故選B。I like the recorded sound and the electriclight most. ”可推知是發(fā)明物。故選D。【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)下文“He showed mehow to turn my ideas into plansand then into new things. ”爸爸向我展示如何把我的想法變成計(jì)劃然后變成新東西,所以是鼓勵(lì)我。故選D?!窘馕觥靠疾榻樵~辨析。surprise 動(dòng)詞,使. 驚訝,根據(jù)本

38、句句意“我爸爸驚訝于我做的飛機(jī)模型”( 我用這個(gè)模型飛機(jī)使我爸爸驚訝) 。 with 在這里是“使用”的意思。 TOC o 1-5 h z 故選A。【解析】考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)下文“ I learned that different inventors ofteninvent similar things. It is not unusual for this to happen ”不同的發(fā)明家經(jīng)常發(fā) 明相似的東西可知是similar 。故選B?!窘馕觥靠疾閯?dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)下文:“ Failure is a commonpart of the inventing. ”失敗是發(fā)明中常見(jiàn)的一部分,可

39、推出不是所有的想法都會(huì)起作用。故選A?!窘馕觥靠疾閯?dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。翻譯此處:他一直在尋找一個(gè)更好的方法做簡(jiǎn)單的工 作。故選B?!窘馕觥靠疾槊~辨析。最后一段總結(jié)全文呼應(yīng)開(kāi)頭。由首段作者對(duì)發(fā)明的喜愛(ài)和介詞 in 可知是我對(duì)發(fā)明的興趣。故選C。VII. 閱讀理解( 共 15小題,每小題2 分,共 30 分 )AYour English teacher has introduced a play to your class. Read the play.Characters: Benny, student, 14 years oldPeter, students, 15 years oldSusie,

40、 student, 14 years oldGrace, student, 14 years oldTime: One Sunday afternoon in autumnPlace: Sunny Park(The four teenagers have just finished the picnic. They are tidying up.)Benny: Wow! That was a great picnic. I m so full that I can hardly move.Grace: That s no excuse for not tidying up, Benny. Co

41、me over here and help me pack up the leftover food. Peter, can you put out the fire, please And clean up the plate.Peter: (Speaking unhappily to himself) How can I always get the dirty and difficult jobsIt s not fair.(Peter throws a bit of water on the fire. Then he picks up the ashes (灰燼 ) with an

42、oldnewspaper and wants to throw them into the long grass. )Susie: (Sounding surprised) What are you doing , Peter That s d Peter: Whoops the newspaper has caught fire.Susie: And the grass Benny, Grace, help! Help!(Benny and Grace come over quickly. They help put out the fire completely.)Peter: Oh, n

43、o. What have I doneGrace: You know that we should do everything carefully, don t youPeter: (With his head in his hands) Yes. What have I done What have I doneHow does Peter feel about his jobA. Clean an easy B. Dirty and difficultC. Great and interesting D. Noisy and harmfulWhat word do you think Su

44、sie would say in the sentence That s d ”A. dirty B. difficult C. delicious D. dangerousWhich of the following sentences is trueA. There are five people in the play. B. Peter s carelessness causes the fire.C. They have a picnic in the morning D. Benny refuses to help others tidy up.【參考答案】: 46-48 BDB【

45、語(yǔ)篇解讀】:本篇文章考察形式為戲劇對(duì)話形式。在河北省中考中第一次出現(xiàn)。以角色對(duì)話的形式展示了文章的內(nèi)容。文章主要是關(guān)于四個(gè)學(xué)生野餐后,需要清理場(chǎng)地。而由于Peter 的粗心意外地引起了一場(chǎng)小火災(zāi)?!局痤}解析】:B【解析】 客觀題。由文中 Peter的第一句話 “How can I always get the dirty and difficult jobs ” 可知, Peter 認(rèn)為自己的工作dirty and difficult. 故本題選B。本題難度較小。D【解析】客觀推測(cè)題。 由下文中Peter說(shuō)得 Whoopsthe newspaper has caught fire ” 可知,由

46、于Peter 把報(bào)紙仍在了灰燼堆里,著火了。這是一件危險(xiǎn)的事情。B【解析】客觀推測(cè)題。由文中 Susie: And the grass Benny, Grace, help! Help!(Benny and Grace come over quickly. They help put out the fire completely.)”可知是由于Peter 的粗心造成了火災(zāi)。BTony, a nine-year-old kid, is sitting at his desk when suddenly he wets(尿濕 )his pants. He thinks his heart is

47、going to stop because he can t possibly know how this has happened. It has never happened before. He knows the after-effect (后果 ) Whenthe boys find out, he will never hear the end of it. Whenthe girls find out, they ll never speak to him again as long as he lives.Tony puts his head down and say to h

48、imself, “ Oh, no. What can I do I need help now! ”He looks up and notices the teacher coming, with a look in her eyes that says he has been discovered.As the teacher is walking to him, a classmate named Emily is carrying a glass that is full of water. Emily falls down in front of the teacher and dro

49、ps the glass of water in Tony s pants. Tony seems to be angry, but all the while he is saying to himself, “ Thank you, dear! Thank you , dear! ”Now all of a sudden, instead of being the person that everyone laughs at, Tony is the person of sympathy ( 同情 ). The person that everyone laughs at should b

50、e him, but now it is Emily.She tries to help, but they tell her,“ You ve done enough, you stupid! ”At the end of the day, as they were waiting for the bus, Tony walks over to Emily and says in a low voice ,“ You did that on purpose, didn t you ”Emily says back in a quiet voice,“ I wet my pants ,too.

51、 ”What does Tony think the other boys will do if they find out the factA. They ll all laugh at him. B. They ll tell the teacher about it.C. They ll try to help him. D. They ll never speak to him again.Which is right according to the passageA. Emily drops the water on purpose. B. Tony is really angry

52、 with Emily.C. Tony and Emily don t go home by bus. D. Tony and Emily aren t classmates.We know that Emily is agirl from the passageA. careless and lazy B. quiet and brightC. stupid and helpless D. kind and smart.【參考答案】: 49-51 AAD【語(yǔ)篇解讀】:本篇是記敘文。一個(gè)叫 Tony的小男孩不小心尿濕褲子后生怕被人發(fā)現(xiàn),正在他陷入痛苦需要得到幫助時(shí),正好同班同學(xué)Emily 拿著

53、一杯水走來(lái),故意把水撒在Tony身上,使Tony 免于被同學(xué)們嘲笑,從而化解了危機(jī)?!局痤}解析】:A 【解析】客觀題。根據(jù)第一段第五句“ Whenthe boys find out, he will neverhear the end of it ”,以及第五段第一句“Now all of a sudden, instead of being theperson that everyone laughs at, ”可知這些男孩們會(huì)嘲笑他。本題難度較小。A【解析】客觀題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段的最后一句You did that on purpose, didn t you ”和最后一段的 “ I w

54、et my pants once, too. ” , 可知 Emily 是故意撒的水。本題 難度較小。D 【解析】推測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“Tony seems to be angry, but all thewhile he is saying to himself, “ Thank you, dear! Thank you , dear! ”,可知是Emily急中生智才化解了Tony的尷尬處境,由此看出 Emily是個(gè)善良又聰明的孩子。本題難度較小。CSchool Activity: the “ Exercise Month ”A number of important school a

55、ctivities are coming up, and the biggest one is the “ Exercise Month ” .What is our aim( 目的 )The “ Exercise Month ” is organised by the Youth Sports Club. The main aim of this activity is to improve our school members knowledge about the importance of exercise.What are our activitiesThe “ Exercise M

56、onth ” will take place from 15 December to 15 January. During this month, a lot of activities will be held to show the importance of exercise.Writing Competition The topic of the writing competition is“ Exercise andMe” . The length of the writing is 500 words for this competition.Talk The talk will

57、be given on 18 December. The speaker will be Dr Chiu from St Stephen s Hospital. He will then answer our members question about exercise.Exhibition( 展覽 ) The exhibition will be held from 19 December to 3 January in our school hall. The history of different kinds of exercise, and the winning and exce

58、llent writings from the competition will be on show.After-school Exercise Classes The after-school exercise classes will run from 18 December to 14 January. In these classes, experienced coaches from the local exercise clubs will also help our school members to make practical exercise plans.What is

59、the passage mainly aboutA. The aim of the school activities. B. The different kinds of school classes.C. The introduction about Exercise Month. D. The school members Youth Sports Club.What is the topic of the writing competitionA. Exercise and Me. B. A School Activity. C. Practical Exercise Plans. D

60、. After-school Classes.When will the after-school exercise classes startA. On 15 December. B. On 18 December. C. On 14 January. D. On 15 January.What can we learn from the passageThe local exercise club has a long history.Dr Chiu will train the members after school.The coaching will answer the membe

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