人教版(新教材)高中英語選修3Unit2 Healthy Lifestyle優(yōu)質(zhì)學(xué)案：Grammar-動詞不定式作主語

1、Grammar動詞不定式作主語圖解語法脈絡(luò)動詞不定式作主語動詞不定式 與動名詞作 主語的區(qū)別廠動名詞作主語通常表示抽象動作；而不定式作主語表示具體動作(1)圖解語法脈絡(luò)動詞不定式作主語動詞不定式 與動名詞作 主語的區(qū)別廠動名詞作主語通常表示抽象動作；而不定式作主語表示具體動作(1)動名詞作主語時,通常用以表示一件的事或經(jīng)驗(yàn) (2)不定式短語通常用來表示一件未完成的事或目的(1)不定式作主語，有時用入當(dāng)形式主語，把作真正主語的不定式短語后置(2)常用動名詞作真正的主語，it作形式主語的句型有：Its no good (use, fun) doing/lts a waste of time doi

2、ng等感知語法規(guī)律.To see is to believe.To do morning exercises is useful for our health.3.1t is interesting to play with snow in winter.4.1ts important fbr human beings to keep the balance of nature.K自主發(fā)現(xiàn)X.動詞不定式在句中可作主語。.可以用it作形式主語,真正的主語是動詞不定式。精講語法知識不定式是非謂語動詞的一種，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，在句中可以作主語(有名詞 和代詞的作用)，通常表示具體的、特定的行為。L

3、不定式作主語的用法不定式位于句首To study English well is not easy.學(xué)好英語不容易。To save money now seems impossible.現(xiàn)在好像不可能存錢。K名師提醒表示單一概念的動詞不定式作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。To make up for lost time is not possible.要彌補(bǔ)失去的時光是不可能的。(2)多數(shù)情況用it作形式主語，把真正的主語(動詞不定式)置于句末，特別是不定 式短語較長時。常用于以下句式中。It+be+名詞+ to doIts our duty to take good care of the old

4、.照顧老人是我們的責(zé)任。It+be+形容詞+ (for/of sb)+to doIt is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an hour.我們很難在一刻鐘內(nèi)寫完這篇作文?！癐t is stupid of you to write down everything, the teacher says.老師說：“你把每件事都寫下來，真是太蠢了?！盞名師提醒該句式結(jié)構(gòu)中for sb前常用表示事物的特征、特點(diǎn)的形容詞，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impos

5、sible 等。Its necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it.當(dāng)你不用車的時候，鎖車是有必要的。(2)of sb前一般用表示人物的性格、品德及主觀感情或態(tài)度的形容詞，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right 等。It was silly of us to believe him.我們真愚蠢，竟然相信了他。疑問詞+不定式短語作主語可置于句首。How to use the computer is a question.如何使用計算機(jī)是個問題。即時訓(xùn)練1補(bǔ)全句子It takes ab

6、out ten minutes to walk to the bank.步行去銀行大約用十分鐘時間。It was easy for us to go to sleep_ at the_ end of the day feeling a little misunderstood.(2020江蘇卷閱讀 D)在一天結(jié)束的時候，我們很容易在被誤解的感覺下入睡。 It，s very kind of you to say so.你這樣說真是太好了。It was a special time to bond with my children and it filled them with the wonde

7、rment of books.（2020-全國卷 H 閱讀 D）這是一個特殊的時刻，我和我的孩子們建立了聯(lián)系，讓他們沉浸在書的奇妙中。When to ho3 the jneeting hasnt been decided yet.什么時候開會還沒有定下來呢。The implication of these results is that to gain the greatest health benefits from exercise, it may be wise to skip eating Erst.（2020江蘇卷閱讀 C） 這些結(jié)果說明，要想從運(yùn)動中獲得最大的益處最好先不吃東西。2

8、.動詞不定式與動名詞作主語的區(qū)別（1）動名詞作主語通常表示抽象動作；而不定式作主語表示具體動作。Smoking is prohibited here.這里禁止抽煙。（抽象）It is not good for you to smoke so much.你抽這么多煙對你身體很不好。（具體）（2）動名詞作主語時，通常用以表示一件的事或經(jīng)驗(yàn)。不定式短語通常用來 表示一件未完成的事或目的。Climbing mountains is interesting.爬山很有趣。（經(jīng)驗(yàn)）To finish the task will take a long time.完成這項(xiàng)任務(wù)將要花費(fèi)很長時間。（具體）（3）不

9、定式作主語，一般用it當(dāng)形式主語，把作主語的不定式短語后置。動名詞作真正的主語的句型有:Its no good （use, fun） doing/Ifs a waste of time doing 等 oIt took me only five minutes to finish the job.我僅用了5分鐘便完成了工作。It is no good arguing with him.He never listens to others.和他爭論沒用，他從不聽 別人的。即時訓(xùn)練2單句語法填空Walking (walk)is a good form of exercise for both yo

10、ung and old.Driving (drive) a car during the rush hour is tiring.It is no use crying (cry)over the split milk.Playing (play)with fire is dangerous.To play (play)with fire will be dangerous.運(yùn)用語法規(guī)那么I .單句語法填空1.Sometimes its hard to let (let)go.For many British people, that can apply to institutions and

11、 objects that represent their countrys pastage-old castles, splendid homes.and red phone boxes.(2020江蘇卷閱讀 B).He will find it is easy to make friends in this city.To get (get) there by bike will take us half an hour.4.It was a big deal for us to load (load)up and go to the local library, where my kid

12、s could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them.(2020全國卷 II閱讀D)ts very nice of you to get me two tickets for the World Cup.fs necessary for you to give up smoking.How long did it take you to finish (finish)the work?.As is known, only working (work) hard leads to happiness.He s

13、ays its not easy to convince (convince) people that nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt about it.(2020-全國卷 H 閱讀 C).How to learn (learn) English well is important.n.補(bǔ)全句子fs kind of you to do me favour.你能幫助我真是太好了。2.Respecting the elderly is a Chinese traditional virtue and a symbol of civilization

14、 as well.尊敬老人是中華民族的傳統(tǒng)美德，也是文明的象征。3.1fs hard to tell .exactly how many people agree with him , but research indicates that the numbers have been rising for some time.(2020全國卷HI 閱 讀C)很難確切說出有多少人同意他的觀點(diǎn)，但研究說明，這個數(shù)字一段時間以來一直 在上升。4.11 運(yùn) difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an hou

15、r. 我們難以在十五分鐘內(nèi)完成這篇作文。.Nomatter howbrighta talker youare , there are timeswhen its bette】 to remain silent.(浙 江 卷)不管你多么能說會道，有些時候保持沉默會更好。.How to cope with he rising cost of living becomes a daily discussion topic.如何應(yīng)對日益上漲的生活費(fèi)用成為人們?nèi)粘Ｓ懻摰脑掝}。in.語法填空People use the word “firiend in a 1.(various) of ways.A fr

16、iend can mean anything from an acquaintance(泛泛之交)to someone youve known.Whoever they are, friends are an important part of life at every stage.For some people, making friends is easy.For others, it can be 2.struggle.Ifs easy for people who know how to connect with others.But you dont need to be clev

17、er or 3.(charm) to make friends.People who make friends easily know how to be 4.(them).There9s an old saying： A friend is someone who knows you well-and 5.(like) you anyway.vThere are three simple things you can do to make friends.First, you have to like yourself.Make a list of your 6.(strong), tale

18、nts and achievements.That way, when you meet new people, youll know 7. you have to share.Next, learn how to listen.To succeed in friendships, you need to show an interest 8.others.Ask questions about other people.Finally, its a good idea 9.(join) a club or take a class.That way, you can meet people who have similar interests.Good friends 10.(usual) like the same things.K語篇解讀U本文是說明文，主要介紹了交朋友的三個簡單步驟。.variety K考查固定搭配。句意：人們用各種各樣的方式使用“朋友”這個詞。 根據(jù)句意可知，此處考查固