調速器外文翻譯、中英文翻譯、外文文獻翻譯

1、調速器調速器的作用是將內燃機的轉速限制在一定范圍內。運行時，柴油機所帶的負載 是不斷變化的。在負載變化時，特別是突然變化時，必須保持柴油機的轉速穩(wěn)定，不 得出現(xiàn)停車或飛車事故。調速器就是自動保持轉速穩(wěn)定的裝置。對于發(fā)電用的柴油機， 要求其轉速基本恒定在同步轉速，對調速器的調速特性要求很高。內燃機工作時，如內燃機的輸出轉矩與外界的阻力矩(負載)相等時，工作才能穩(wěn) 定。如阻力矩超過內燃機的轉矩時，轉速將降低;反之則升高。為使工作機械穩(wěn)定地 工作，就必須隨著阻力的變化相應調節(jié)供油量，使發(fā)動機的轉矩與外界負載相適應。 由柴油機的速度特性可以看出，柴油機的轉矩Me=f(n)曲線比較平坦。在柴油機運轉 時

2、，如油量調節(jié)桿固定在某一位置，柴油機的轉矩Me就按速度特性變化，而外界負 載是經常變化的。如推土機在干濕不同、軟硬不一的土壤中作業(yè)時，阻力矩就有明顯 的變化。如阻力矩有較小的變化(AM)，將引起轉速較大的變化(An)，柴油機的工作 是不穩(wěn)定的。如要人為的控制供油量來適應外界負載的變化，這不僅使司機疲勞，而 且也難以保持轉速的穩(wěn)定。調速器屬于自動調節(jié)裝置。當外界負載變化時，它能隨著負載的變化自動調節(jié)供 油量，使柴油機的轉速穩(wěn)定在一定的轉速范圍內。汽車或工程機械是經常在負載不斷變化的情況下工作的，而且還會遇到負載突變 的情況。如推土機作業(yè)時，當卸土以后，由于突然卸去了負載，噴油泵油量調節(jié)桿一 時還

3、來不及向減少供油量的方向移動，柴油機的轉速就會迅速升高，而這時由于噴油 泵速度特性的作用，噴油泵的循環(huán)供油量反而增大，促使柴油機的轉速進一步升高。 這樣相互影響的結果，便柴油機的轉速越來越高，嚴重時會出現(xiàn)超速，甚至發(fā)生飛 車事故，以致引起機件損壞。另外，柴油機還經常遇到低速空轉(怠速)的場合，如短暫停車、起動暖車、變速 器換擋等。柴油機在怠速運轉時只供給很少量的燃油，這部分燃油發(fā)出的能量只能克 服發(fā)動機內部的摩擦阻力，這時發(fā)動機工作的穩(wěn)定性主要取決于其內部摩擦阻力的變 化和氣缸內氣體做功變化的相互關系。這兩者可用平均機械損失壓力Pm和平均指示 壓力Pi的變化來表示。一般發(fā)動機隨轉速的增加，平均

4、機械損失壓力Pm都略有增 加。為了使怠速運轉穩(wěn)定，必須在轉速升高時，使平均指示壓力Pi減小，而在轉速 降低時使其增大。柴油機怠速運轉時，油量調節(jié)桿保持在最小供油量位置，這時如果 某種原因（如潤滑油粘度的變化）使柴油機的內部阻力略有增大，則其轉速就略為降 低，但由于噴油泵速度特性的作用，每循環(huán)供油量反而減少，這就促使轉速迸一步降 低，如此循環(huán)作用，最后將使柴油機熄火;反之，如柴油機內部的阻力略有減小，則 將導致柴油機怠速轉速不斷升高，所以柴油機的怠速是很不穩(wěn)定的。因此，汽車柴油 機通常裝用兩極式調速器來達到防止超速和穩(wěn)定怠速的目的。調速器的作用即在于改變Pi曲線的變化歷程，使Pi曲線隨轉速升高而

5、急劇下降。 這樣在怠速時能保持穩(wěn)定，在高速時能防止超速。在某些工作條件比較特殊的柴油機上，如工作時負載變化急劇的工程機械以及工 作條件要求在負載改變后轉速保持一定范圍的柴油機（如帶發(fā)電機、空壓機、水泵等）， 則要求采用全程式調速器，這種調速器不僅能防止超速和保持怠速的穩(wěn)定性，而且還 能自動控制任何所要求的速度工況。全程式調速器還可以減輕司機操作，提高柴油機 的使用經濟性和勞動生產率。2.柱塞式噴油泵的速度特性。噴油泵的循環(huán)供油量主要取決于油量調節(jié)桿（拉桿 或齒桿）的位置。但是，在實際上供油量還受到柴油機轉速的影響。當油量調節(jié)桿位置定時，噴油泵的循環(huán)供油量隨轉速變化的關系，稱為噴油泵的 速度特性

6、。它對柴油機的工作有很大的影響。GovernorThe role of governor is to limit the engine speed within a certain range. Running, engine load is carried by the ever-changing. When the load changes, especially sudden changes, the need to maintain the engine speed stability, with no parking or coaster accident. Governor is

7、a device that automatically maintains speed stability. Diesel engines for power generation, asking them to speed almost constant in the synchronous speed, the speed characteristics of the governor demanding.Internal combustion engines work, such as the internal combustion engine output torque and th

8、e external resistance moment (load) are equal, working to stabilize. Such as the drag torque than internal combustion engine torque, the speed will be reduced; otherwise increased. Mechanical stability for the work to work, to be adjusted accordingly with the change of resistance of fuel supply, eng

9、ine torque load with the outside world to adapt. The speed of the engine characteristics can be seen, the engine torque Me = f (n) curve is flat. In the diesel engine operation, such as the oil lever in a fixed position, engine speed torque characteristics by Me to change, while the external load is

10、 constantly changing. Such as bulldozers in the different wet and dry, hard and soft soil in different operations, there are significant changes in resistance torque. If there are small changes in resistance torque ( M), will cause a large speed change ( n), the diesel engine was unstable. To contro

11、l the fuel supply to artificially adapt to load changes, which not only allows the driver fatigue, but also difficult to maintain speed and stability.Governor of automatic adjustment device. When the external load changes, it can automatically adjust with the change of the load amount of oil that th

12、e engine speed steady at a certain speed range.Vehicle or machinery is often the case load changing work, but also the situation encountered mutation load. Such as the bulldozer operation, when the dump, because of the sudden load lifted, fuel injection pump lever for a moment too late to move to re

13、duce the amount of oil, the engine speed will rapidly increase, and then the fuel pump The role of velocity characteristics, but the amount of fuel injection pump oil increases circulation to promote the engine speed further increases. The results of this interaction, increasing the engine speed wil

14、l be high speed in severe cases, or even speed accident, resulting in mechanical damage.In addition, low-speed diesel engine idling also frequently encountered (idle) of occasions, such as short-term parking, starting warm up, gear shift and so on. Diesel engine running at idle only a small amount o

15、f fuel supply, this part of the fuel energy can only be issued by the friction inside the engine to overcome, then the stability of the engine depends largely on the work of the internal friction changes and changes in cylinder acting relationship. These two losses can mean mechanical pressure Pm an

16、d the average indicated pressure Pi of the changes said. General engine with engine speed increases, the mean pressure Pm mechanical losses are slightly increased. In order to idle stability to speed increases, the mean indicated pressure Pi decreases, while it increases when the speed is reduced. D

17、iesel engine idling, fuel lever position to a minimum fuel supply, then if for some reason (such as changes in lubricant viscosity) the engines internal resistance increases slightly, its speed to slightly lower, but The role of the pump velocity characteristic, however, reduced amount of oil per cy

18、cle, which led into further reduce the speed, so cycles, the final engine will turn off; the other hand, such as diesel internal resistance decreases slightly, it will lead to engine Idle speed constantly increases, so the engine idle speed is very unstable. Therefore, the car engine is usually equi

19、pped with bipolar prevent the governor to achieve the purpose of speeding and idling stability.The role of governor is to change the course of Pi curves, so that Pi curve rises sharply with speed. This can keep the idle stable at high speed to prevent speeding.Comparison of working conditions in cer

20、tain special diesel engines, such as rapid changes in work load and working conditions of construction machinery after the change in load required to maintain a certain range of engine speed (such as generator, air compressor, water pump, etc.), they are required governor with the whole program, this governor can not only prevent the