技術(shù)培訓(xùn)重要acs系列acs5000新產(chǎn)品發(fā)布會no.4efficiency v1

1、Insert name of presenter and jobEfficiency verificationmended methods to measure efficiency效率的確定ition here的效率測量方法MV Drives RoadshowOutline 概要1.Efficiency definitions 效率的定義2.3. 2002 ABB - 2 -Definitions 定義Efficiency formulas for individual system components and drive system: 單獨的系統(tǒng)設(shè)備和傳動系統(tǒng)的效率公式：Efficie

2、ncy 效率 = outputer 輸出功率inputer輸入功率或Efficiency 效率 = input er losses 輸入功率-損耗inputer 輸入功率OR 或Efficiency 效率 = outputer 輸出功率outputer + losses 輸出功率+損耗 2002 ABB - 3 -ORMV drive system 中壓傳動系統(tǒng)Typical MV drive system典型的中壓傳動系統(tǒng)M3 Prosf2nProtection 保護Control 控制Exciion 勵磁Higher Level Control更高等級的控制 2002 ABB - 4 -f

3、1; ; ;Machine Cooling電機冷卻Converter Cooling 變頻器冷卻Outline 概要1.2.Efficiency of different control methods 不同控制方法的效率3. 2002 ABB - 5 -The impact of efficiency on energy conservation能量守恒的效率影響4345 kWPrimaryer9325 kWer losses：VSDThrottlinger功率損耗plant2600 kW(40% eff.)5595 kW(40% eff.)lant電廠er transmis165 kW(9

4、0% eff.)340 kW(90% eff.) 電力傳輸3Mow control1490 kW(56% eff.)150 kW(85% eff.)3M流量控制Pump430 kW(69% eff.)900 kW(52% eff.)泵1000 kW1000 kWUsefuler 2002 ABB - 6 -erplantPump operation with throttle and VSD control截流控制和變頻控制泵的運行Throttle Control 截流控制VSD Control 變頻控制140120100806040200140120100806040200001000100

5、Flow (%)Useful work(有用功)Drive Losses(傳動損耗)Flow (%)Useful work(有用功)Valve losses(閥門損耗)Pump losses(泵損耗)Motor losses(電機損耗) 2002 ABB- 7 -e r( %)er (%)Pump operation with throttle control截流控制泵的運行VSD Control 變頻控制140120100806040200Throttle Control 截流控制1401201008060402001000100Flow (%)alve losses(閥門損耗)Useful

6、 work(有用功)VPump losses(泵損耗)Motor losses(電機損耗) 2002 ABB- 8 -e r( %)e r ( %)0Useful0Flow (%)work(有用功)Drive Losses(傳動損耗)At 70% flow:70% 流量 =50= 38%130Pump operation with VSD control變頻控制泵的運行Throttle Control 截流控制140120100806040200VSD Control 變頻控制14012010080604020000100Flow (%)Useful work(有用功)Drive Losses

7、(傳動損耗) 2002 ABB - 9 -e r ( %)e r ( %)0Useful Pump l100門損耗)機損耗)Flow (%)work(有用功)Valve losses(閥osses(泵損耗)Motor losses(電At 70% flow: 70流量： =50= 71.4%70Comparing different control methods不同控制方法的比較How efficient are todays MV drives? 2002 ABB - 11 -中壓傳動系統(tǒng)的效率？95Co effi的% efficient including:95的系統(tǒng)效率包括：Motor

8、 電機Transformer 變壓器er factor correction 功率因數(shù)校正Harmonic filters, if provided 諧波濾波器，如果提供nsider total drive system Typically pumps are designedciency 考慮整個傳動系統(tǒng)效率with 15 20% design marginsWith MV drives, total system 典型的泵有15 20%的設(shè)計預(yù)量efficiency will be bettern Motors are designed for 110 conventional contr

9、ols even at115% of pump capacitynominal load 額定負載時中壓 電機設(shè)計為泵容量的110 115%傳動系統(tǒng)的效率優(yōu)于傳統(tǒng)的控 Nominal requirement is 25 35%制方法下的效率lowern rated capacity 額定需求比額定容量要低25 35%Total efficiency of typical drive system典型傳動系統(tǒng)的效率100%90%80%70%60%50%40%30%20%10%0%Torque(轉(zhuǎn)矩)er(功率)Efficiency(效率)40%50%60%70%80%90%100%Speed 轉(zhuǎn)

10、速 (100% = 1500 rpm)Total efficiency of a typical 7500kW/ 1500rpm MV-drivesystem with quadratic load torque典型的平方負載轉(zhuǎn)矩7500kW/ 1500rpm中壓系統(tǒng)效率(transformer 變壓器, converter with diode rectifier 二極管整流變頻器, motor 電機) 2002 ABB - 12 -System efficiencyOutline 概要1.2.How to verify the efficiency of a Variable Speed

11、Drive (VSD) 如何確定變頻系統(tǒng)的效率Loss segregation method 損耗的分解方法System full load test 系統(tǒng)滿載試驗 2002 ABB - 13 -Ways to test a system including efficiency測試系統(tǒng)效率的方法Tests at manufacturers workshop 制造商工廠測試Loss segregation method 損耗的分解方法Complete system test 完整的系統(tǒng)測試1.Braking the drive with test-room machine 利用測試室的機械制動

12、傳動Combined test with job motor, VSD and transformer 電機，變頻器和變壓器的組合測試Back-to-back test (if統(tǒng)）Test after installation 安裝后測試) 背靠背測試（如果兩個系2.1.Summation of losses, using test result of each sub-assembly andtheoretical adjustment 損耗求和，利用每個設(shè)備的和理論調(diào)整結(jié)果2.Input and output measurement 輸入和輸出測量 2002 ABB - 14 -Syste

13、m efficiency - determined系統(tǒng)效率確定的兩種主要方法wo main waysInput/Output MeasurementLoss Segregation Method損耗分離方法 The easy way簡單The economic way經(jīng)濟The accurate way精確The common way通用輸入/輸出測量The hard wayThe expensive way昂貴The less accurate way精度差The complicated way復(fù)雜 2002 ABB - 15 -Standards say標(biāo)準(zhǔn)說明IEEE 995for Lo

14、ad Commued Inverters (LCIs)負載換相型變頻器(LCIs)IEC 61800-4for variable speed drives變頻傳動Standardsmend the loss segregationmethod as one of the methods to measureefficiency.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)把損耗分離方法作為測量效率的方法之 2002 ABB - 16 -IEC 61800-4saysIEC 61800-4 說明Theernational standards recognize two major methodsfor determining effi

15、ciency of MV drive systems:國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)認(rèn)可兩種主要的決定中壓傳動系統(tǒng)效率的方法：A. Loss segregation method:損耗分離方法Summation of individual component losses 單獨設(shè)備損耗求和Common & practical approach for MV drives systems 中壓傳動系統(tǒng)通用和實用的方法B. System full load tests: 系統(tǒng)滿負荷試驗：Determination of losses byinput & outputerDirect measurement of los

16、ses- Calorimetric method- Back-to-back test (if feasible)損耗直接測量-量熱方法measurement method callsfor highly accuratemeasurements通過輸入和輸出功率的測量確定損耗高精確的測量方法背靠背測試（如果可行）mended only in case of demanding MV drives systems 2002 ABB - 17 -A.Loss segregation method損耗分離方法 Transformer 變壓器效率Motor 電機效率VFD 變頻器效率 2002 AB

17、B - 18 - system = TransformerX VFDX MotorA.Loss segregation method損耗的分離方法Converter transformers are covered in IEC 60146-1-3 and IEC 61378-1整流變壓器見IEC 60146-1-3 和IEC 61378-1標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Fundamental iron and copper losses as well as the relevant stray losses and auxiliary losses shall be determined according to

18、these standards按照這些標(biāo)準(zhǔn)確定鐵損、銅損、相關(guān)的雜散損耗和附加損耗 2002 ABB - 19 -A.Loss segregation method損耗分離方法Converter efficiency is covered in IEC 61800-4變頻器效率見IEC 61800-4 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Typical practice is to derive converter efficiency by loss segregation method典型的是通過損耗分離方法得到變頻器效率(a ferameters are measured andefficiency is derive

19、d from calculations，測量參數(shù)通過計算得到效率) 2002 ABB - 20 -A.Loss segregation method損耗分離方法2002 ABB - 21 -Motor efficiency is covered in IEC 60034-2電機效率見IEC 60034-2Two alternative segregated test methods exist: 存在兩種測試方法供選擇driving the motor to be tested by a calibrated motor (relevant for lower)通過標(biāo)準(zhǔn)電機驅(qū)動被測試電機con

20、necting the motor to an adjustable sinusoidal voltage source把電機連接到可調(diào)的正弦波電壓源Bolternatives make itsible to determine the following losses individually:兩種方法都可以確定以下?lián)p耗：friction and ventilation losses 風(fēng)摩損耗no load core losses 空載損耗sor winding losses (I2R losses)定子損耗rotor losses 轉(zhuǎn)子損耗B. System full load testC

21、ombined test系統(tǒng)滿載試驗組合試驗Mainer supplyThe method requires a load machine ofeast theU , I , PL LLsameer as the drive motor. 這種方法需要一個功率至少與驅(qū)動電機相同的負載機械A(chǔ)uxiliaryer supplyShafter has to be measured either by speedHarmonic filter (optional)MV driveUx, Ix, Pxand torque on the shaft, or the load machine has tos

22、ystembe calibrated.通過轉(zhuǎn)速和轉(zhuǎn)矩測量軸功率或者標(biāo)定負載機械Input transformerThe mainer circuit losses for the individualdevican principally be measured directly by theUV, IV, PVdifference betn input and outputer : 通過輸Converter入和輸出功率的差測量單個設(shè)備的主功率回路損耗Control,PinoPutLPV V Pa PPSaAuxPConverterprotectionP andauxiliariesP los

23、sPsectionDue to the high efficiencies involved, the resulting lossesconstitute a relatively small difference betn twoUa, Ia, Parelatively big figures.Therefore, the second formulation of the above formula,which indicates individual measurement of eaaincomponent, gives a higher accuracy.The preciof t

24、he instruments must be very high,typicallyhe order of class 0,02, and the band width ofthe instruments should be up to the 40th harmonic.Drivenequipment 2002 ABB - 22 -B. System full load test系統(tǒng)滿載試驗Back-to-back test背靠背測試The back-to-back test requires two or more similar MV drive systems.背靠背測試需要兩個以上的

25、相似的中壓傳動系統(tǒng)he back-to-back test, one MV drivesystem operates as motor, and theother operates as generator.在背靠背試驗中，一套中壓傳動系統(tǒng)電狀態(tài)運行，另一套系統(tǒng)發(fā)電機狀態(tài)運行Exle:例子：Ormen Lange system withOrmen Lange系統(tǒng)：2 x 48 MW motors 2 x 48 MW 電機2 x MEGADRIVE-LCI converters 2 x LCI2 x 4 winding input trafos 2個4繞組輸入變壓器2 x Input filte

26、rs 2 個輸入濾波器(Fadd = add. filters for testing pure增加濾波器為測試目的)48 MW / 3500 rpm 2002 ABB - 23 -Typical set-up for back-to-back test典型的背靠背測試配置Converter 2變頻器2Converter 1變頻器1Drive to be tested被測試的傳動Three 10/20 MW compressor drives for Woodside LNG-PlantDelivered 2002 / Tested wipprox. 8 MW 2002 ABB - 24 -L

27、oad 負載Transformer 2變壓器2Motor 2電機2B. Pitfalls of input/output measurement (System full輸入/輸出測量方法的缺陷（系統(tǒng)滿載測試）load test)kWkWTheoretical 理論上1020 kW98%1000 kW+/- 1%+/- 1%Measurement inaccuracies 測量偏差Measured valuescould be 測量值1010 kW(with negative tolerance 負偏差)1010 kW(withitive tolerance 正偏差) 2002 ABB - 2

28、5 -Comparison of total efficiency errors對比效率誤差3.0%System Load Test +/-Loss Segregation +/-System Full Load Test系統(tǒng)滿負荷測試2.5%In/Outputer isdetermined with +/- 1%2.0%inaccuracy.輸入/輸出功率測量方法有1.5%+/- 1% 的確度1.0%Loss Segregation Method損耗分離方法0.5%The losses are determinedwith +/- 10% inaccuracy.0.0%損耗的確定有+/- 1

29、0% 的不0.0%20.0%40.0%60.0%80.0%100.0%準(zhǔn)確度Nominal efficiency額定效率For systems win efficiency of 80% theLoss Segregation Method is preferable.如果系統(tǒng)效率大于80%，優(yōu)選效率分離方法 2002 ABB - 26 -Es!rr+o/-r pctpoEfficiency verification comparing accuracy效率驗證-對比精度Direct measurement typically 1.5% lessaccuraten theloss segreg

30、ationmethod for a typicaldrive with 95%efficiency! 2002 ABB - 27 -結(jié)論If verification of the drive system efficiency is required,ABBmends the following:如果需要確定傳動系統(tǒng)的效率，ABB如下：If a back-to-back or combinedplanned to measure theperformance of the variable speed drive system, it is highly mended to measure the efficiency at same time.如果需要背靠背或組