青島濱海學(xué)院課程課件

1、英語(yǔ)精品課程 孫敏副教授1第一章 翻譯的性質(zhì)，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及要求第二章 翻譯的過(guò)程第三章 英漢語(yǔ)言對(duì)比分析 第四章 英漢文化對(duì)比分析第五章 辨證施治第六章 重在交際第七章 慎與修辭第八章力戒“翻譯體”英語(yǔ)精品課程2第二章 翻譯的過(guò)程2.1 正確理解2.2 如何實(shí)現(xiàn)正確理解 2.3 充分表達(dá)目錄32.1.1 正確理解Part One 理論一正確理解：即正確把握原文的思想內(nèi)容、感情和風(fēng)格等的過(guò)程。方法：（1）從整體到局部（2）從局部到整體即先進(jìn)行宏觀分析，再進(jìn)行微觀研究，微觀和宏觀相結(jié)合。試譯下述句子：I had not known him for 20 years without learning th

2、at he always kept in the upper left pocket of his waistcoat the little book in which he put down his engagements目錄42.1.1 正確理解二正確理解過(guò)程：分析句子的結(jié)構(gòu)框架弄清各部分之間的語(yǔ)法關(guān)系； 此句由一個(gè)主句 “I had not known him for 20 years ” 和 兩個(gè)分句 “that he always kept in the upper left pocket of his waistcoat the little book”和 “in which he

3、 put down his engagements”組成。 (2) 分析各部分在整個(gè)框架中的語(yǔ)義關(guān)系;第一個(gè)分句是“l(fā)earning”的賓語(yǔ)從句，第二個(gè)分句是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾限定 “book”。（3） 根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣將全文譯出：我認(rèn)識(shí)他已20年之久，知道他馬甲左上方的那個(gè)口袋里，總是放著一個(gè)小本本，里面寫著他的約會(huì)安排。目錄實(shí)踐5Part Two 翻譯實(shí)踐練習(xí) 2.1.1實(shí)踐 1 實(shí)踐 9 實(shí)踐 16實(shí)踐 2 實(shí)踐 10 實(shí)踐 17實(shí)踐 3 實(shí)踐 11 實(shí)踐 18實(shí)踐 4 實(shí)踐 12 實(shí)踐 19實(shí)踐 5 實(shí)踐 13 實(shí)踐 20實(shí)踐 6 實(shí)踐 14實(shí)踐 8 實(shí)踐 156Part Two 翻譯實(shí)踐

4、練習(xí) 2.1.11、After repeated failures and disappointments he was tempted to throw up the sponge, but continued perseverance finally brought success. 多次的失敗和失望險(xiǎn)些讓他自暴自棄，但是堅(jiān)持不懈的努力最終給他帶來(lái)了成功。 目錄實(shí)踐7Part Two 翻譯實(shí)踐練習(xí) 2.1.12、The passenger declared that he had lost his ticket, but the inspector suspected that he wa

5、s trying it on, and that actually he had not paid for fare. 這位乘客聲稱丟失火車票，檢票員懷疑他實(shí)際上沒(méi)有買票，而想蒙混過(guò)關(guān)。 目錄實(shí)踐8Part Two 翻譯實(shí)踐練習(xí) 2.1.13.The discussion as to whether or not the defaulting company was liable to pay damages turned upon the meaning of a word in the contract.關(guān)于該違約公司是否賠償順勢(shì)的討論，取決于合同中一個(gè)詞的含義。實(shí)踐目錄9Part Two

6、 翻譯實(shí)踐練習(xí) 2.1.14、If he refuses to take my advice on this occasion, as he has done so often before, I shall wash my hands of the affair, and he can fend for himself.如果他此時(shí)像往常那樣拒不接受我的建議，我將不再插手此事，他可自行處理。目錄實(shí)踐10Part Two 翻譯實(shí)踐練習(xí) 2.1.15、There are a few creases in the jacket, where it has been folded up in a su

7、itcase, but they will wear out.由于在箱子里折迭存放，夾克衫留下了幾道折痕，但是這些折痕會(huì)消失的。目錄實(shí)踐11Part Two 翻譯實(shí)踐練習(xí) 2.1.16、A reward of 5 will be paid to anyone who shall give information leading to the apprehension of the thief.凡提供緝拿小偷的線索者，均可獲賞金5英鎊。目錄實(shí)踐12Part Two 翻譯實(shí)踐練習(xí) 2.1.17、There are still those who are proud of their old sch

8、ool tie; band who shall say that their pride is not justified? 有些人為老校友的情誼而自豪；誰(shuí)能說(shuō)他們的這種自豪感不在情理之中呢？目錄實(shí)踐13Part Two 翻譯實(shí)踐練習(xí) 2.1.18、Thing always went smoothly in the office because the three or four clerks that were employed worked in with one another.辦公室里的工作有條不紊，因?yàn)槿膫€(gè)雇員配合得很默契。目錄實(shí)踐14Part Two 翻譯實(shí)踐練習(xí) 2.1.19、

9、Details of the train alterations were written up inside the main entrance to the station.列車時(shí)刻的變動(dòng)情況貼在火車站的入口處。目錄實(shí)踐15Part Two 翻譯實(shí)踐練習(xí) 2.1.110、I used to see him quite frequently, but since he became wrapped up in business, I have lost touch with him.以前我常常見(jiàn)到他，可自從他經(jīng)商后，我們便失去了聯(lián)系。目錄實(shí)踐16Part Two 翻譯實(shí)踐練習(xí) 2.1.111

10、、I know it is late to be asking you to reserve places for my three children in your fall class but I trust that in considering this request you will not overlook the outstanding achievements of my two sons during their earlier time with you, and I can assure you that my daughter is in every way thei

11、r equal.我知道，請(qǐng)你在你的秋季開(kāi)學(xué)的班里為我的三個(gè)孩子保留位子，為時(shí)已晚。但是，我相信你在考慮我的這個(gè)請(qǐng)求時(shí)，不會(huì)忽視這個(gè)事實(shí)，以前我的兩個(gè)兒子在你身邊時(shí)成績(jī)出眾；我還可以想你保證，我的女兒與我的兒子相比，在哪個(gè)方面也不遜色。目錄實(shí)踐17Part Two 翻譯實(shí)踐練習(xí) 2.1.112、I will be here for another two weeks and would appreciate a confirming letter from you before my departure.我還將在此停留兩周，離開(kāi)之前如能受到你的確認(rèn)書(shū)，我將不勝感激。目錄實(shí)踐18Part Two

12、翻譯實(shí)踐練習(xí) 2.1.113、I still treasure your sketch of the fat German tourists staring with such visible lack of appreciation at the Mona Lisa.至今我仍珍藏著你那幾張素描：幾個(gè)肥胖的德國(guó)游客，兩眼直直地盯著蒙娜麗莎畫像，顯然缺乏欣賞力。目錄實(shí)踐19Part Two 翻譯實(shí)踐練習(xí) 2.1.114、Our visit did more to illustrate to Eleanor what marriage to an Italia is like than anyth

13、ing I could have told her.我們此行讓埃莉諾見(jiàn)識(shí)了意大利人會(huì)是種什么情形，這比說(shuō)什么都管用。目錄實(shí)踐20Part Two 翻譯實(shí)踐練習(xí) 2.1.115、The strenuous sightseeing of the previous weeks left me exhausted and unable to ignore any longer the recurring back pains that are the inevitable toll of cobblestone streets.前幾個(gè)星期的觀光游覽弄得我上奔波的結(jié)果。目錄實(shí)踐21Part Two 翻譯

14、實(shí)踐練習(xí) 2.1.116、How I look forward to sitting across from you at supper again, listening to you describe your new profit-sharing plan.我多么希望再次坐在你的對(duì)面，一面吃晚餐，一面聆聽(tīng)你講述你的分享利潤(rùn)辛計(jì)劃呀。目錄實(shí)踐22Part Two 翻譯實(shí)踐練習(xí) 2.1.117、I dont know how carefully you read The New York Times but surely you have noticed that the society se

15、ction, in cases where both families are equally prominent, often uses a picture of bride and groom leaving the church in place of the usual bridal portrait.我不知道你讀紐約時(shí)報(bào)的細(xì)心程度，但有一點(diǎn)可以肯定，你一定注意到社交欄目不再像往日那樣刊登新郎和新娘離開(kāi)教堂的照片。目錄實(shí)踐23Part Two 翻譯實(shí)踐練習(xí) 2.1.118.Caution is an admirable quality for a man in your positio

16、n but, based on what I have seen of your character and your ability in the past year, I would say your future in this community is assured.謹(jǐn)慎是處于你這種地位的人的可敬品格，但是根據(jù)過(guò)去一年我對(duì)你的性格和能力的觀察，不妨說(shuō)你在這個(gè)社區(qū)的未來(lái)是有保障的。目錄實(shí)踐24Part Two 翻譯實(shí)踐練習(xí) 2.1.119、As we stood waving until your train disappeared in the direction of New Or

17、leans, Sam suddenly took me in his arms and announced we were leaving on a honey-moon of our own at the end of the week.我們站在月臺(tái)上，揮動(dòng)著雙手，目送你們乘車消失在奔向新奧爾良的遠(yuǎn)方。這時(shí)，薩姆突然把我摟在懷里，說(shuō)我們將在周末去度蜜月。目錄實(shí)踐25Part Two 翻譯實(shí)踐練習(xí) 2.1.120、Forgive me for conferring the title of grandfather on a man who earned it only through marr

18、iage , but, never having had a child to call him father, Tom is doubly grateful for the role of grandfather.原諒我把祖父的頭銜加在一個(gè)只有通過(guò)婚姻關(guān)系才能獲得的男子頭上，但是湯姆會(huì)對(duì)沒(méi)有兒子喊他父親就當(dāng)上祖父表示倍加感激。目錄實(shí)踐262.2.2 如何實(shí)現(xiàn)正確理解Part One 理論實(shí)現(xiàn)正確理解的方法：進(jìn)行語(yǔ)言分析，包括語(yǔ)義分析，語(yǔ)境分析和語(yǔ)用分析。1. 語(yǔ)義分析(Semantic Analysis)：說(shuō)明處在一定語(yǔ)境中、按照一定次序排列的詞項(xiàng)之間的關(guān)系，探索語(yǔ)項(xiàng)的意義。盡量把握源出語(yǔ)的

19、全部意義，是翻譯成敗的關(guān)鍵。目錄272.2.2 如何實(shí)現(xiàn)正確理解首先，必須注意詞的概念意義（即詞的本意）和關(guān)聯(lián)意義（即詞的轉(zhuǎn)意） 例如：（1）Seat oneself in a wooden chair 坐在木椅里 （本意）（2）accept a university chair 同意在大學(xué)里執(zhí)教 （轉(zhuǎn)意）（3）chair the board meeting 主持董事會(huì) （轉(zhuǎn)意）（4）condemned to the chair 被處電刑 （轉(zhuǎn)意）目錄282.2.2 如何實(shí)現(xiàn)正確理解5.There are a few creases in the jacket, where it has be

20、en folded up in a suitcase, but they will wear out.由于在箱子里折迭存放，夾克衫留下了幾道折痕，但是這些折痕會(huì)消失的。目錄292.2.2 如何實(shí)現(xiàn)正確理解2. 把握意義關(guān)系（Sense Relation）,特別注意同義與反義、褒義與貶義、多義與歧義等關(guān)系。如：第一組 （一詞多義）a. Ill be back in a couple of days 我?guī)滋旌蠡貋?lái)。b. It was said that they would back the plain. 據(jù)說(shuō)他們會(huì)支持這個(gè)計(jì)劃。c. Its the last straw that breaks

21、the camels back. 最后添加的一根稻草壓斷了駱駝的脊梁。目錄302.2.2 如何實(shí)現(xiàn)正確理解第二組 （褒義與貶義）Hans was too obviously flattering the gentleman by saying he was the most courageous man he had ever seen. 漢斯對(duì)那位先生說(shuō)他是他所見(jiàn)的最勇敢的人。他明顯是阿諛?lè)畛小＃ㄙH義）Mr. Brown felt greatly flattered when he received the invitation to deliver a lecture.布朗先生收到邀請(qǐng)他作

22、演講的邀請(qǐng)函感到受寵若驚。目錄312.2.2 如何實(shí)現(xiàn)正確理解3. 了解文化特性、歷史演變、社會(huì)發(fā)展和技術(shù)進(jìn)步的影響。例如：a. “Greek and Latin are all English to me,” said Oscar Wilde.“希臘語(yǔ)和拉丁語(yǔ)對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)都很容易,” 奧斯卡王爾德說(shuō)。王爾德是英國(guó)著名劇作家。他反用習(xí)語(yǔ)It is Greek to me (這對(duì)我太困難)，將希臘語(yǔ)和拉丁語(yǔ)比作自己的母語(yǔ)（英語(yǔ)），言下之意是“不難”。目錄322.2.2 如何實(shí)現(xiàn)正確理解There are cattle in the fields, but we sit down to beef.在地

23、里放牧的是牛，我們?cè)诓妥郎铣缘氖桥Ｈ?。在漢語(yǔ)中，動(dòng)物肉一般由動(dòng)物名+“肉”字構(gòu)成，如牛肉、羊肉、豬肉等，但相應(yīng)的英語(yǔ)卻是beef, mutton, pork等。目錄332.2.2 如何實(shí)現(xiàn)正確理解It is a white lie.這不是惡意的撒謊/這是善意的撒謊。（這是白色的謊言。）lie 原意為懷有惡意的謊言，但后來(lái)獲得了一種沒(méi)有惡意的新解釋，為了區(qū)分二者，人們稱前者為black lie,后者為white lie.Stabilization（穩(wěn)定法）, neutralization (中和作用)，chain reaction(連鎖反應(yīng)) 等詞語(yǔ)的用法都是技術(shù)進(jìn)步的結(jié)果。目錄342.2.2

24、如何實(shí)現(xiàn)正確理解4. 了解語(yǔ)言的隨意性和約定俗成性。例如： a. milk the cow 擠牛奶 b. milk the bull 徒勞之舉c. out of question 不成問(wèn)題 d. out of the question 不可能e. people-to people diplomacy 民間外交 win-win talks 雙贏會(huì)談e-commerce 電子商務(wù)e-government 電子政務(wù)目錄352.2.2 如何實(shí)現(xiàn)正確理解5. 注意詞語(yǔ)的搭配關(guān)系，邏輯關(guān)系和上下文關(guān)系。例如： a. He wrote his 12th novel at the ripe age of 85

25、. 他85歲高齡時(shí)完成了12部小說(shuō)。 其中ripe 不作mature 或full grown 解，而是advanced in years 之意。 b. -“Well, old boy, ” said the visitor, “ its nice to see you up and about.” “Up, yes, “ the patient said, “but about, noat least mot much.”“喂，老兄，”探視者說(shuō)?！耙?jiàn)到你起來(lái)走動(dòng)走動(dòng)，真高興?！薄笆悄芟麓擦耍辈∪苏f(shuō)，“若說(shuō)走動(dòng)，還不行至少還不太行。”目錄362.2.2 如何實(shí)現(xiàn)正確理解二、語(yǔ)境分析 （Anal

26、ysis of Context of Situation）在翻譯中我們從詞典中尋找詞語(yǔ)的對(duì)等意思，但詞典給我們的常常是其基本義，或?qū)μ?hào)入座的釋義，無(wú)法直接用在譯文中，應(yīng)該根據(jù)語(yǔ)境來(lái)確定這句話或詞語(yǔ)怎么說(shuō)。 所謂語(yǔ)境分析，一是指分析語(yǔ)言內(nèi)部的上下文關(guān)系（通過(guò)語(yǔ)言環(huán)境分析），二是分析話語(yǔ)與經(jīng)驗(yàn)世界的關(guān)系（通過(guò)非語(yǔ)言環(huán)境分析）。目錄372.2.2 如何實(shí)現(xiàn)正確理解上下文分析分析一詞與周圍的關(guān)系 如：a. Today a politician without elbows is as lost as a politician without principles.Elbows意為“勇氣（macho）,

27、指總統(tǒng)候選人應(yīng)有的品格譯文：如今一個(gè)沒(méi)有勇氣的政治家就像一個(gè)沒(méi)有原則的政治家一樣無(wú)所作為。目錄382.2.2 如何實(shí)現(xiàn)正確理解b. This campaign shows that Mondale, far from being a patsy(懦夫), is a politician with elbows.譯文：這次競(jìng)選表明蒙代爾不是一個(gè)懦夫，而是一個(gè)勇氣十足的政治家。c. He is always politically incorrect.他總是講話不合時(shí)宜。這是美國(guó)英語(yǔ)特有的表達(dá)法，只能叢社會(huì)、文化大環(huán)境中理解詞義。目錄392.2.2 如何實(shí)現(xiàn)正確理解確認(rèn)一短語(yǔ)是否是一個(gè)語(yǔ)義整體。例

28、如，下述話語(yǔ)中的a good table 就有其獨(dú)立的含義，它受上下文的制約；倘若不假思索地譯為“一張質(zhì)地優(yōu)良的桌子“，勢(shì)必令人捧腹大笑?！癐 dont know what you do with your brass,” said Mr. Scurridge. “ I spend it on you,” she said, “Always a good table, you must have. Never anything short.“不知你掖著臭錢干什么用,” 史力卡先生說(shuō)?！肮┠愠院妊?！”她回答道?！澳憧偸且欢ㄒ院煤群?，缺一點(diǎn)也不行?！?目錄402.2.2 如何實(shí)現(xiàn)正確理解練習(xí)：a

29、. The face is the index of the mind. 心中有事，必形于色。b. Far from eye, far from heart. 別久情疏。c. Mr. Lear is trying to oil the judges palm. 李爾王想賄賂法官。d. He has stolen a match on me. 我讓他占了先。e. Today in the New York Stock Exchange, all the brokers are tailed up.在今天的紐約證券交易所大廳里，經(jīng)紀(jì)人無(wú)不神采飛揚(yáng)，興致勃勃。目錄412.2.2 如何實(shí)現(xiàn)正確理解2.

30、 非語(yǔ)境關(guān)系：指話語(yǔ)及其組成部分與文化和自然環(huán)境有關(guān)方面的各種關(guān)系，以及人類社會(huì)中人們之間的相互關(guān)系；也就是語(yǔ)言與經(jīng)驗(yàn)世界的關(guān)系。（1）研究話語(yǔ)發(fā)生時(shí)的整個(gè)情況。例如：It Its freezing cold here.此 這句話可能有下列幾種意思：作為直接話語(yǔ)，僅僅提供信息，向在場(chǎng)的聽(tīng)話者說(shuō)明那里太冷；作為簡(jiǎn)介言語(yǔ)行動(dòng)，表示請(qǐng)求、希望聽(tīng)者打開(kāi)暖氣或給爐子加點(diǎn)煤作為反語(yǔ)，抱怨說(shuō)話的地方太熱。目錄422.2.2 如何實(shí)現(xiàn)正確理解（2）注意肢體語(yǔ)言的作用。眼神、手勢(shì)、點(diǎn)頭、搖頭等都有傳情達(dá)意的作用。例如：“You think we might” he glanced at the hut“have

31、 been like thisyou and I?”She shook her head.“你覺(jué)得我們你和我，他掃了一眼那間小屋，“或許像這樣？”她搖了搖頭。文中的 “他”和“她”原來(lái)是一對(duì)情人，但后來(lái)她嫁給了小屋的主人?！八睊咭谎坌∥萁o“像這樣”作了解釋，“她”搖頭說(shuō)明了她的不同意見(jiàn)。目錄432.2.2 如何實(shí)現(xiàn)正確理解三、語(yǔ)用分析（Pragmatic Analysis） 所謂語(yǔ)用分析,是通過(guò)語(yǔ)用學(xué)的思考，對(duì)語(yǔ)言的交際意義進(jìn)行綜合分析的方法之一，旨在了解和確定講話人與所講話語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系，或者說(shuō)在把握語(yǔ)言符號(hào)與使用語(yǔ)言符號(hào)的人的關(guān)系。這種關(guān)系常常表現(xiàn)為簡(jiǎn)化人的感情、態(tài)度、情緒、意念等。目錄4

32、42.2.2 如何實(shí)現(xiàn)正確理解1、把講話人當(dāng)作言語(yǔ)行動(dòng)的參與者講話人不僅傳達(dá)信息，而且還表達(dá)一定的態(tài)度，贊成或反對(duì)，請(qǐng)求或命令，威脅或勸誘，褒揚(yáng)或貶抑，推薦或命令，等等，其中，有的成分見(jiàn)諸字面有的則埋藏于字里行間。閱讀第19頁(yè)上的例句，分析其感情色彩。（略）目錄452.2.2 如何實(shí)現(xiàn)正確理解2、充分考慮語(yǔ)用理?yè)?jù)（Pragmatic Motivation）要對(duì)語(yǔ)言變式金雄分析和研究，以便在譯語(yǔ)中尋找對(duì)等物。如：- Mr. Smith laid off Miss Black. （一般過(guò)去時(shí)）史密斯先生把布萊克小姐給解雇了。這是一個(gè)基本句，主要回答Who laid off Whom?的問(wèn)題。目錄4

33、62.2.2 如何實(shí)現(xiàn)正確理解2.Mr. Smith has laid off Miss Black.(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))主要回答 What foolish thing has Mr. Smith done to Miss Black? 的問(wèn)題。3、Miss Black was laid off by Mr. Smith.布萊克小姐被史密斯先生解雇了。主要回答 What happened to Miss Black? 的問(wèn)題。4、It is Mr. Smith who laid off Miss Black.是史密斯先生解雇了布萊克小姐。主要回答 Who is it that laid off Mi

34、ss Black? 的問(wèn)題。目錄472.2.2 如何實(shí)現(xiàn)正確理解弄清講話人的意圖，進(jìn)而決定表達(dá)方式。確認(rèn)but, even, and 等詞的語(yǔ)用意義。 如：Harry is a professor, but cant spell.哈利是教授，奇怪的是他不會(huì)拼寫。其中but表示驚奇，甚至遺憾。Even Max tried on the pants.甚至馬克思也試穿了這條褲子。其中even包含著also和too的意義，但后兩者并無(wú)前者的言外之意出乎意料感。And outtalked to him this way after all hed done for you.他不也是為了你嗎？你怎么竟然這

35、樣跟人家講話呢？這里的and表示驚訝、不滿或氣憤。注意something, anything, nothing 的特殊意義目錄482.2.2 如何實(shí)現(xiàn)正確理解3、確定某些定語(yǔ)從句的狀語(yǔ)化作用。如： They tried to stamp out the fire, which spread all the more furiously throughout the block.他們?cè)噲D撲滅大火，結(jié)果火勢(shì)愈來(lái)愈猛，燒遍了整個(gè)街區(qū)。（譯成結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)）4、對(duì)某些狀語(yǔ)從句采用變通譯法。如：It will be a couple of years before we meet again.兩年后我們會(huì)再見(jiàn)

36、面的。實(shí)踐目錄492.2.2 如何實(shí)現(xiàn)正確理解實(shí)踐 1 實(shí)踐 9 實(shí)踐 17 實(shí)踐 2 實(shí)踐 10 實(shí)踐 18 實(shí)踐 3 實(shí)踐 11 實(shí)踐 19 實(shí)踐 4 實(shí)踐 12 實(shí)踐 20 實(shí)踐 5 實(shí)踐 13 實(shí)踐 21 實(shí)踐 6 實(shí)踐 14 實(shí)踐 22 實(shí)踐 7 實(shí)踐 15 實(shí)踐 23 實(shí)踐 8 實(shí)踐 16 實(shí)踐 24 502.2.2 如何實(shí)現(xiàn)正確理解Part Two 翻譯實(shí)踐練習(xí)1、She told me she and Henry made a vow in September when they partedto renounce the limited early love and cons

37、ecrate their lives to art.她告訴我，9月份她與亨利分手時(shí)就發(fā)誓結(jié)束這場(chǎng)有限的塵緣，而將自己的一生奉獻(xiàn)給藝術(shù)。目錄實(shí)踐512.2.2 如何實(shí)現(xiàn)正確理解2、They had corresponded faithfully all year, each encouraging the others single-minded pursuit of his chosen art form, but it came as quite a shock to Eleanor, who has studied sculpture with the devotion of a man

38、who shares his flat.一年之中他們之間書(shū)信來(lái)往從未間斷，相互勉勵(lì)對(duì)方一心一意地追求自己選擇的藝術(shù)形式。但是，令埃莉諾感到十分震驚的是，正當(dāng)她像修女一樣潛心研究雕刻之時(shí)，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)亨利在同房間的一個(gè)男青年的陪同下寫詩(shī)。目錄實(shí)踐522.2.2 如何實(shí)現(xiàn)正確理解3、Old playwrights advise young actors, promising artists question acknowledged geniuses, would be poets fawn over literary lions.年老的劇作家為年輕的演員出謀劃策，有前途的藝術(shù)家向公認(rèn)的天才挑戰(zhàn)，自詡的

39、詩(shī)人奉承巴結(jié)文學(xué)名流。目錄實(shí)踐532.2.2 如何實(shí)現(xiàn)正確理解4、I cannot argue with your reasoning that television equipment is still in an early stage of development, but at my age I cannot afford to wait for technical refinements.你認(rèn)為電視尚處在開(kāi)發(fā)階段，我無(wú)力與你爭(zhēng)辯；但是到了我這個(gè)年紀(jì)，我不能等待技術(shù)完善了。目錄實(shí)踐542.2.2 如何實(shí)現(xiàn)正確理解5、My husband made quite a name for hi

40、mself in real estate and insurance circles during the eight years we lived in Dallas.我們?cè)谶_(dá)拉斯生活的八年間，我丈夫在不動(dòng)產(chǎn)與保險(xiǎn)業(yè)界頗負(fù)盛名。目錄實(shí)踐552.2.2 如何實(shí)現(xiàn)正確理解6、I am more alive in the presence of a letter from you than in the company of most of the people I encounter in my life.令我感到精神抖擻的與其說(shuō)是與我一生中交往的大多數(shù)人相遇，毋寧說(shuō)是見(jiàn)到你的來(lái)信 目錄實(shí)踐56

41、2.2.2 如何實(shí)現(xiàn)正確理解7、My first marriage survived many stormsfrom within and withoutbut no turbulence can compare to the agony of being becalmed. Like the Ancient Mariner, I inhabit “a painted ship on the painted sea.”我的第一次婚姻經(jīng)歷了內(nèi)外多次狂風(fēng)暴雨而維持下來(lái)，然而，歸于平靜后的痛苦是任何風(fēng)暴無(wú)法相比的。我就想柯勒律筆下的古舟子那樣，居住在“畫中的船上，漂浮在畫的海洋上?！蹦夸泴?shí)踐572.

42、2.2 如何實(shí)現(xiàn)正確理解8、If children are accorded the respect as adults, they can be counted on to display comparable manners.加假如兒童像成年人那樣受到人們的尊敬，他們會(huì)同樣對(duì)人彬彬有禮。目錄實(shí)踐582.2.2 如何實(shí)現(xiàn)正確理解9、Old age should be regarded the respect as a reward for a lifetime of hard work, but it can only be a punishment if one insists on do

43、ing the same things one has always done, measuring the present achievements with the past ones, and inevitably falling short.年老應(yīng)該被當(dāng)成終生艱苦工作的一種獎(jiǎng)賞，但是，對(duì)于一個(gè)執(zhí)意要重操舊業(yè)，堅(jiān)持要以過(guò)去的豐功偉績(jī)衡量今日成就而必然無(wú)望的人說(shuō)，年老只能是一種懲罰。目錄實(shí)踐592.2.2 如何實(shí)現(xiàn)正確理解10、As your future husband has chosen a field of endeavor where the risks areas high a

44、s the potential rewards, be prepared to offer him any support necessary to achieve his goals; only then will you have earned the right to share in his success.如果你的未婚夫選擇了一個(gè)報(bào)償與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)俱高的奮斗領(lǐng)域，那你就準(zhǔn)備著為了實(shí)現(xiàn)他的奮斗目標(biāo)而提供一切必不可少的幫助和支持吧。只有如此，你才能獲得與他分享成功的權(quán)利。目錄實(shí)踐602.2.2 如何實(shí)現(xiàn)正確理解11、Farming is an occupation that will never

45、 hold much interest for her ,since she is a city dweller at heart though it took 18 years of her life and marriage to an ambitious man to realize it.辦農(nóng)場(chǎng)絕非是十分令她感興趣的職業(yè)，盡管為此她花費(fèi)了18年的心血，付出了嫁給一個(gè)野心勃勃的男人為妻的代價(jià)，因?yàn)樾牡桌锼且粋€(gè)城市女 目錄實(shí)踐612.2.2 如何實(shí)現(xiàn)正確理解12、The conductor told the boy off for throwing litter on the floor

46、 of the bus.乘務(wù)員責(zé)備那個(gè)男孩在公共汽車?yán)飦y扔?xùn)|西。目錄實(shí)踐622.2.2 如何實(shí)現(xiàn)正確理解13、The manufacturers have high hopes of the new models performance, but it has yet to be tested out.各廠家對(duì)這種新型產(chǎn)品的性能抱有很高的期望，但有待于驗(yàn)證 目錄實(shí)踐6314、Honest and courageous people could be quieted when they came to realize that outspoken opposition was fruitless

47、, the dishonest could band together to divide spoils.正直勇敢的人意識(shí)到直言不諱地提出異議毫無(wú)結(jié)果時(shí)，便緘口不語(yǔ)，而那些無(wú)恥小人則會(huì)聚集在一起，瓜分他們的 “戰(zhàn)利品?！蹦夸泴?shí)踐642.2.2 如何實(shí)現(xiàn)正確理解15、I have found since that time there are countless people over the country willing to commit themselves in the same way, without thinking of personal reward毫不計(jì)較個(gè)人得失 目錄實(shí)踐

48、652.2.2 如何實(shí)現(xiàn)正確理解16、I remember thinking that, second only to governmental reorganization, improving the criminal justice system in my state could be my greatest contribution as governor.我記得曾經(jīng)想過(guò)，除了改組政府以外，作為州長(zhǎng)，我的第二大任務(wù)時(shí)改善本州的刑事司法制度 目錄實(shí)踐662.2.2 如何實(shí)現(xiàn)正確理解17、He seemed delighted to come back South to work at

49、improving Georgias prison system with the full backing of my administration.他似乎很喜歡返回南方工作，在我主持的政府的權(quán)利支持下，致力于改善佐治亞州的監(jiān)獄體系。目錄實(shí)踐672.2.2 如何實(shí)現(xiàn)正確理解18、Our radio transmitting equipment was drowned out by the pounding salt water, and we could not send our daily location report to Pacific Fleet Headquarters.連續(xù)不斷

50、沖擊的海水浸壞了我們的無(wú)線電發(fā)報(bào)機(jī)，我們無(wú)法向太平洋艦隊(duì)司令部報(bào)告我們每天的方位。目錄實(shí)踐682.2.2 如何實(shí)現(xiàn)正確理解19、In 1994, the electric consumption in the textile mill went up 15%, while its consumption of coal down 30%.1994年，這家紡織廠的電耗量上升了15%， 而煤耗量減少了30%。目錄實(shí)踐692.2.2 如何實(shí)現(xiàn)正確理解20、Our lives were so interdependent, dependent on every man knowing his job,

51、 that no lack of enthusiasm was tolerated, and that on one who was lackadaisical remained uncriticized and uncondemned.我們的生命彼此息息相關(guān)，我們的生命與每個(gè)人熟悉自己的職責(zé)密切相連，不容漫不經(jīng)心。任何人懈怠懶惰，必將受到批評(píng)和譴責(zé)。目錄實(shí)踐702.2.2 如何實(shí)現(xiàn)正確理解21、The whole settlement was amazed at the stream of big black Cadillacs, Packards, and Lincolns which h

52、ad come from other states. 來(lái)自各州的巨型“凱迪拉克“牌、”柏卡德“牌和”林肯“牌汽車，川流不息，令整個(gè)居民點(diǎn)的人驚訝不已。目錄實(shí)踐712.2.2 如何實(shí)現(xiàn)正確理解22、Our farm and sore are about one-half mile east of Archery on the dirt road towards plains. 我們的農(nóng)場(chǎng)和商店坐落在通往平原鎮(zhèn)的土路上，在阿切里以東約半英里的地方。 目錄實(shí)踐722.2.2 如何實(shí)現(xiàn)正確理解23、Our early years of my life in an out-of-the-way vill

53、age full and enjoyable, isolated but not lonely.我的早年是在一個(gè)偏僻的農(nóng)村里度過(guò)的，生活充實(shí)而愉快，雖然與世隔絕，但并不寂寞。目錄實(shí)踐732.2.2 如何實(shí)現(xiàn)正確理解24、As a 12-year-old boy, I was appalled when I checked the book War and Peace out of the library because it was about 1,400 pages long, written by the Russian novelist Tolstoy, and of course, n

54、ot about cowboys.12歲那年，我從圖書(shū)館里借到一本戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)與和平，不禁大吃一驚。原因是這部由俄國(guó)小說(shuō)家托爾斯泰寫的長(zhǎng)達(dá)1400多頁(yè)的巨著，與牛仔全然無(wú)關(guān)。目錄實(shí)踐742.3.1 充分表達(dá)Part one 理論一、充分表達(dá)所謂充分表達(dá)，即利用對(duì)目的語(yǔ)的駕馭能力，完全恰如其分地表達(dá)原文的思想內(nèi)容、立場(chǎng)感情和風(fēng)格筆調(diào)。充分表達(dá)要防止兩種傾向：過(guò)分表達(dá)（over-representation）即，不顧原文本意如何，任意添枝加葉；欠充分表達(dá)（under-representation）即：或任意刪減，或不顧作者感情態(tài)度，或不計(jì)文體風(fēng)格。 目錄752.3.1 充分表達(dá)Reports of new

55、 successes keep pouring in.捷報(bào)頻傳。（充分表達(dá)）He sold hard-to-get items.他行賄受賄，兜售緊俏商品。畫線部分為胡亂添加。When we were in port, my crew was responsible for moving, installing and modifying the items to be tested the next week. To compound the problems, our ship Wyoming was declared to be unsafe.原譯：入港后，艦上的官兵們忙著搬運(yùn)、安裝、調(diào)試

56、儀器和設(shè)備，迎接下星期的試驗(yàn)。就在關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻，我們的“懷俄明”號(hào)被宣布為不安全。原文有兩處漏譯：to compound the problem(使問(wèn)題復(fù)雜化)和good(好端端)。目錄762.3.1 充分表達(dá)二、直譯與意譯1、直譯(literal translation): 譯文的語(yǔ)言表達(dá)形式，在目的語(yǔ)規(guī)范容許范圍內(nèi)，基本上遵循源語(yǔ)表達(dá)的形式，而又忠實(shí)于原文的意思。如；The proof of the pudding is in the eating.要知道布丁的滋味，就要親自吃一吃。2、意譯（free translation）: 譯文的語(yǔ)言表達(dá)形式，完全遵循目的語(yǔ)的規(guī)范而不考慮源語(yǔ)的表達(dá)形式，

57、但又忠實(shí)于原文的意思。如：One boy is a boy, two boys half a boy, three boys no boy.一個(gè)和尚挑水吃，兩個(gè)和尚抬水吃，三個(gè)和尚無(wú)水吃。目錄772.3.1 充分表達(dá)實(shí)踐 1 實(shí)踐 2 實(shí)踐 3實(shí)踐 4 實(shí)踐 5 實(shí)踐 6 實(shí)踐 7實(shí)踐 8目錄782.3.1 充分表達(dá)Part Two 翻譯實(shí)踐練習(xí)1、The 1.248 billionth Chinese was born in 1999.到了1999年，中國(guó)人口已達(dá)到12.48億。2.The substance that gives up hydrogen is said to be oxidized and the one, which accepts the hydrogen, is said to be reduced.釋放氫的物質(zhì)被稱為氧化了的物質(zhì)，而吸收氫的物質(zhì)被稱為還原了的物質(zhì)。目錄792.3.1 充分表達(dá)3.Too clearly, it is a topic we shall do no justice to in this place. (T.Carlyle:On Heroes and Hero-worship)很顯然，像這樣一個(gè)問(wèn)題，我們?cè)谶@里是不可能講透徹的4、He had left