大二英語(yǔ)2級(jí)語(yǔ)法(初級(jí))

1、大二英語(yǔ)2級(jí)（初級(jí))讓英語(yǔ)2級(jí)不再成為你我的煩惱為自己加油吧！大學(xué)英語(yǔ)等級(jí)考試備考資料如果你是有理想的，如果你是有恒心的，如果你真的要過(guò)2級(jí)卻過(guò)不了的，請(qǐng)認(rèn)真做完這些題。這些資料將會(huì)指導(dǎo)你的方向，只要認(rèn)真做完所以的練習(xí)，2級(jí)將不再那么遙不可及！本資料針對(duì)英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)薄弱的學(xué)習(xí)者！第一章（語(yǔ)法版）動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài).語(yǔ)態(tài)英語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)是靠動(dòng)詞的變化和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)來(lái)表達(dá)的。英語(yǔ)中的時(shí)態(tài)共有16種，但常用的有9種，而且重點(diǎn)測(cè)試完形時(shí)態(tài)。要掌握英語(yǔ)中的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)，必須掌握好英語(yǔ)中的助動(dòng)詞（do.be.have)和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)這兩個(gè)核心。（1）完形時(shí)態(tài)完形時(shí)態(tài)分為3種即：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完形時(shí)。1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 主要

2、用來(lái)表示人.事物的的現(xiàn)在狀況和特點(diǎn)；表示經(jīng)常或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，句中常有often, always ,from time to from 等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)；表示時(shí)間真理和永恒真理等考點(diǎn)：（1）表示時(shí)間真理。如：I leaned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school.(2)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)。如：If he accepts the job, he will get more money soon .(3)在make sure (certain), see to it, mind ,care matter+賓

3、語(yǔ)從句，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)。（4）在the more the more 句型中，若主句是一般將來(lái)時(shí)，從句一般用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：the harder you study ,the better results you will get.2.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表說(shuō)話時(shí)或目前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的活動(dòng)：或表感情色彩，加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣。與頻率副詞，如always ,continually ,again等連用表示說(shuō)話人的某種感情色彩（1）在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或條件狀語(yǔ)從句中表示將來(lái)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。如：look out when you are crossing the street.(2):表示在最近按計(jì)劃或安排要進(jìn)行

4、的動(dòng)作（這是多有表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀態(tài)）。 marry is leaving on Friday.3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，或完成在過(guò)去，但是強(qiáng)調(diào)與現(xiàn)在情況仍有聯(lián)系，其結(jié)果或影響仍存在。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)有一些標(biāo)志性的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：（1）:for+時(shí)間段；since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)如：they have lived in Beijing for five years.They have lived in Beijing since 1995.(2):常見(jiàn)的不確定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：lately ;recently ;justly .already .yet ;up to now ;till now ;so far ,

5、these day,如：has it stopped raining yet ? (3):在表示“最近幾世紀(jì)/年/月”以來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)里面，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。如：in the past few years/months/weeks/days/；over the past few years ; during the last three months; for the last few centuries ,though centuries ;throughout history 等！（4）：表示第幾次做某事，或在“it is the best (worst ,most interest

6、ing )+名詞+that”后面跟現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。如： This is my first time that I have visited chine .(5):非延續(xù)動(dòng)詞在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中通常不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用（since ,for )常用的非延續(xù)動(dòng)詞有：come; go ;begin ;start; ;become ;arrive ;get ;reach; leave; join; end; die; find; lost; fall; jump ;marry ;如：johnson got married six years ago. johnson has benn married f

7、or six years. (6):在after, as soon as ,if ,still ,when,等引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)代替將來(lái)完成時(shí)。如：I shall go to see you when I have finished my homework .If he has not gone to bed when you see him ,tell him to give me a ring 4.一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)特定的時(shí)間發(fā)生且完成的動(dòng)作，或過(guò)去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作不強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，只說(shuō)明過(guò)去。常跟明確的過(guò)去時(shí)間連用，如：yesterday ;last week ;in 19

8、45,at that time ;once ;during the war ;before ;a few days ago ; when.(1)used to +do,表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常但現(xiàn)在已不在發(fā)生維持的動(dòng)作習(xí)慣。To為不定式，后面接動(dòng)詞原形。如：Be/become/get used to +doing ,表示習(xí)慣于 He used to smoke a lot.(2)在時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，代替過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。如：he promised to buy me a computer if he got a raise 5.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)或某個(gè)時(shí)間段時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如：The boy

9、was doing his homework when his father came back from work.What were you doing at nine last night ?6.過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，即過(guò)去完成時(shí)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”，句中有明顯的參照動(dòng)作或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，這種時(shí)態(tài)從來(lái)不孤立使用（before, after ,by ,up sill)如：there had been 25 parks in our city up Till 2000. by the end of last night ? (1):用于hardly /scarcely

10、when ; no sooner .than 句型中，主句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，從句用一般過(guò)去。 I had hardly finished my work when he came to see me.（2）表示“第幾次做某事”主句用過(guò)去時(shí)，從句一般用過(guò)去時(shí)。That was the second time that she had seen her grandfather.（3):動(dòng)詞hope ,expect ,think, intend ,mean, want ,suppose ,plan, 用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，表示未實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿意、打算和意圖。如：I had hoped that I could do

11、the job .表在將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間會(huì)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況。常和tomorrow ,next year ,in2008,等表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，其表現(xiàn)形式多達(dá)5種（1）一般將來(lái)時(shí)總是用在一些時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句或條件狀語(yǔ)從句的主句中：如：We will begin our class as soon as the teacher comes .(2)某些表示短暫性動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞如arrive ,come, go, leave, start等，用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)形式表示將來(lái)。如：7.一般將來(lái)時(shí)I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow.(3)祈使句+and/or+句子”，這種結(jié)構(gòu)中and 后面的句子謂語(yǔ)用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。如：use your head and you will find a way .8.將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，或按計(jì)劃一定會(huì)發(fā)生的事情。如：I will be doing my homework this time tomorrow .9.將來(lái)完成時(shí)表在將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)刻之前業(yè)已完成的事情，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)非常明顯。（1）：常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)一般用by+將來(lái)的時(shí)間。如：by the end of this year ,by 8 oclock this evening ,by March next year 以及由by the time ,before或when等引