2022年中考英語 考點專項突破課件：第二章 第十二節(jié) 簡單句的基本句型(共37張PPT)

1、01考點解讀020304考點梳理真題剖析實戰(zhàn)提分第二章第十二節(jié) 簡單句的基本句型01考點解讀02考點梳理（一）簡單句的基本句型結(jié)構(gòu)（二）主謂一致主謂一致考查的方式多種多樣，常結(jié)合時態(tài)和語態(tài)來考查。1. 語法一致原則(1)主語和謂語通常要在語法上保持一致，主語是單數(shù)形式時，謂語動詞也要用單數(shù)形式；主語是復(fù)數(shù)形式時，謂語動詞也要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。即謂語動詞要與主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。如：Millie has collected a lot of books for the poor children. 米莉為貧困兒童收集了很多書。（二）主謂一致(2)當主語后面有with，like，except，as

2、well as等連接的名詞或代詞結(jié)構(gòu)時，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于主語的單復(fù)數(shù)。如：Tom with his sisters is watching TV. 湯姆和他的姐姐們正在看電視。All except Harry have passed the driving test. 除了哈里之外所有人都通過了駕駛考試。（二）主謂一致(3)“one of名詞復(fù)數(shù)”“the number of名詞復(fù)數(shù)”作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如：One of the girls is interested in the book. 其中一個女孩對這本書感興趣。The number of women teachers

3、 is 150. 女老師的數(shù)量是150人。（二）主謂一致(4)當一些不定代詞，如：somebody（someone），something，anything，no one，everybody（everyone），each，either，neither等作主語時，謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。none作主語時，謂語動詞用單復(fù)數(shù)形式均可。如：Something is wrong with my computer. 我的電腦出了點問題。None of them has/have been to Beijing. 他們中沒有人去過北京。（二）主謂一致2. 意義一致原則意義一致也叫概念一致，即謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式還

4、是復(fù)數(shù)形式，要根據(jù)主語所表達的概念來決定。(1)一些集體名詞，如family，class，group等作主語時，如果作為一個整體看待，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；如果側(cè)重于其中的成員，則謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：My family has moved to Shanghai since 2010. 我全家已經(jīng)在2010年搬到了上海。The whole class are listening to the teacher carefully. 全班同學都在認真地聽老師講課。（二）主謂一致(2)連詞and連接的并列主語表示不同的人或物時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；如果表示同一個人或物時，則謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如：

5、A famous writer and a teacher are going to attend the meeting. 一位著名的作家和一名老師將會出席會議。A famous writer and teacher is going to attend the meeting. 一位著名的作家兼老師將會出席會議。（二）主謂一致(3)動詞不定式、動名詞短語或從句作主語時，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。如：What you did today is very rude. 你今天所做的是非常粗魯?shù)?。（二）主謂一致3. 就近原則“就近一致原則”也稱“鄰近原則”，即謂語動詞與靠近的名詞、代詞在人稱和數(shù)上保

6、持一致。常見的有there be，not only.but(also).，either.or.，neither.nor.等句型。如：There is a notebook and some pens on the desk. 書桌上有一本筆記本和一些筆。Not only my sisters but also Helen likes bananas. 不但我的姐姐們而且海倫也喜歡香蕉。03真題剖析真題鏈接【例1】（2021年河池）Not only Peter but also his father _crazy about the basketball match.A. amB. isC. a

7、re D. be【解析】not onlybut also連接并列主語時，謂語動詞遵循“就近原則”，離謂語最近的主語his father是第三人稱，be動詞用單數(shù)形式is。故選B。真題鏈接【例2】（2019年廣西北部灣經(jīng)濟區(qū)）I usually have _ egg and some bread for breakfast.A. aB. anC. the D. /【解析】本題考查冠詞。答案為B。題目句子用到了簡單句，其句型結(jié)構(gòu)為“主語及物動詞賓語”。真題鏈接【例3】（2019年廣西北部灣經(jīng)濟區(qū)）Look! The woman over there is our teacher. She teac

8、hes English.A. usB. themC. her D. him【解析】本題考查代詞。答案為A。題目句子用到了簡單句，其句型結(jié)構(gòu)為“主語及物動詞間接賓語直接賓語”。真題鏈接【例4】（2021年賀州）During the exam，_ you are,_ mistakes youll make.A. the more careful； the lessB. the more careful； the fewerC. the more careless； the lessD. the more careless； the fewer【解析】固定句式使用the+比較級+主謂句型，意為“越越

9、”。根據(jù)句意可用形容詞careful小心，比較級是the more careful，修飾可數(shù)名詞mistakes用fewer較少。故選B。真題鏈接【例5】（2020年賀州）There is some on the table. Would you like to drink?A. milkB. beefC. breadD. pizza【解析】本題考查there be句型。根據(jù)句子“Would you like to drink?(你要喝點嗎？)”可知，四個選項中只有milk是可以“喝”的，其他三個都只能“吃”，故答案為A。在there be的句型中，謂語動詞be的單復(fù)數(shù)形式要與最靠近它的那個名

10、詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式一致。真題鏈接【例6】（2020年賀州）My sister has friends. She often feels lonely.A. fewB. littleC. a fewD. a little【解析】本題考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)句意，答案選A。句子“My sister has few friends. ”是簡單句，其句型結(jié)構(gòu)為“主語及物動詞賓語”?！癝he often feels lonely. ”也是簡單句，其句型結(jié)構(gòu)為“主語系動詞表語”。易錯剖析【例1】Either you or I invited to the important meeting.A. beB. isC

11、. amD. are【解析】本題考查主謂一致。Either. or. (要么要么)連接兩個并列主語，遵循就近一致原則，即謂語動詞的數(shù)與離它最近的主語保持一致，此處I和am動詞搭配。故答案選C，容易誤選D。易錯剖析【例2】The news very interesting! Tell me more!A. isB. areC. wereD. be【解析】本題考查主謂一致。答案為A，容易誤選B，認為news是可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。事實上news是不可數(shù)名詞，所以后面跟的謂語動詞要用單數(shù)的形式。易錯剖析【例3】There a book and some pens in the bag. Please g

12、ive them to the old man.A. has B. areC. isD. have【解析】本題考查there be句型。答案為C，容易誤選B或D。There be結(jié)構(gòu)中的be動詞用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，取決于離它最近的那個名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。易錯剖析【例4】Look! There are a number of apples on those trees.Wow！I think the number of the apples over 100.A. isB. areC. wasD. were【解析】本題考查主謂一致。答案為A，容易誤選B。the number of.意為“某物/人的數(shù)量

13、”，作主語時，謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。易錯剖析【例5】Not only my parents but also my sister crazy about the TV play in the Name of People. A. isB. are C. have been【解析】本題考查主謂一致。句意：不但我的父母，而且姐姐也瘋狂地迷上了電視劇人民的名義。not only .but also .連接兩個并列主語，謂語動詞應(yīng)遵循就近一致原則。本句中離謂語動詞最近的主語是my sister，因此謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故答案選A。04實戰(zhàn)提分基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)單項選擇。從下列每小題所給的四個選項

14、中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Either the students or the teacher him very well.A. knowsB. to knowC. knowD. knew2. Not only children but also my husband crazy about the movie Operation Red Sea(紅海行動).A. isB. areC. amD. be基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)3. Leo, no milk or eggs in the fridge. Oh, Ill go and buy some right away. A. it isB. ther

15、e isC. there are D. there was4. The reading room very quiet. I enjoy reading books there. A. amB. isC. areD. be 基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)5. Have you got some water to drink?Here you are. There still some in the bottle. A. are B. has C. is D. have 6. I together with my classmates going to climb Mount Qian. A. isB. amC. a

16、re D. were基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)7. Which would you like, tea or coffee?Either OK. A. isB. amC. areD. were8. Neither Tom nor I interested in playing WeChat.A. amB. isC. areD. be基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)9. Both Mike and I ready for the new high school life.A. beB. amC. isD. are10. This pair of shoes not mine, but my sisters.A. isB. are C.

17、amD. be拓展提升單項選擇。從下列每小題所給的四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。1. （2020年賀州）Who can take part in our school singing competition? Lucy Lily are OK. Theyre good at singing.A. Either; or B. Neither; norC. Not only; but also D. Both; and2. （2019年丹東） a report about “One Belt One Road(一帶一路)” in our school this weekend.A. T

18、here used to be B. There will beC. There isD. There was拓展提升3. （2020年梧州）Hangzhou is the east of China.A. onB. inC. ofD. from4. （2020年梧州）Which book do you prefer, Harry Potter or Treasure Island?Harry Potter, of course. I my sister likes it.A. Both; and B. Neither; norC. Not; butD. Not only; but also拓展提升5. （2020年梧州）Tom, whats your dad doing?He my bike.A. repairB. repairsC. is repairingD. will repair6. The strawberries delicious. You can have a try.A. eat B. drink C. tasteD. sound 拓展提升7. Is this your camera?Yes, I it for two weeks.A. Bought B. hadC. have had D. have b