精選備考方略

1、備考方略備考方略錄音播放前 看選項(xiàng)無論是正確選項(xiàng)還是干擾選項(xiàng)，多少與聽力內(nèi)容相關(guān)，提供了信息參照以下幾種做法做可能性判斷根據(jù)信息最終確定正確選項(xiàng)：(1) 語義相反法 四個選項(xiàng)中如果有兩個選項(xiàng)意義截然相反 那么這兩個選項(xiàng)其中一個很可能是答案，錄音過程中只要注意判斷原文中提到的相關(guān)信息到底是肯定還是否認(rèn)即可(2) 語義相近法 四個選項(xiàng)中如果有兩個選項(xiàng)意義接近，那么這兩個選項(xiàng)其中一個可能是正確選項(xiàng)，聽錄音中，要注意兩個選項(xiàng)中的差異局部。(3)語義交叉法：四個選項(xiàng)中某個包含了其他兩個選項(xiàng)的局部信息的，可能為正確(4) 語音相似法：兩個選項(xiàng)的核心詞匯讀音相似，可能其一為正確的，命題人希望考生可以區(qū)分讀音

2、相似的詞根本能力的提高培養(yǎng)提高聽力根本能力，要學(xué)會辨音、熟悉音變、了解句子重音、去除語義障礙 熟悉各種題型 把握解題規(guī)律 一、語音障礙二、語義障礙三、簡單對話策略四、長對話與短文策略五、短文聽寫策略一、語音障礙語音問題要注意 單個音標(biāo)發(fā)音、連讀、失去爆破、重音、語調(diào)。1. 正確辨音 考生自己發(fā)音不準(zhǔn)聽錯Ex: The professor collected /corrected the paper himself. Its a great pleasure /pressure. 長短音區(qū)別：peek 【i:】pick【i】近似音區(qū)別：【e】【ae】ai2.熟悉音變A. 連讀 一個意群密切相關(guān)的

3、詞組中，如果前一個詞以輔音偶爾也有以元音結(jié)尾，后一個詞以元音開頭，這兩個音大都連著發(fā)音，成為連讀。You clean it up yourself.輔音結(jié)尾+ 元音開頭 rush hour r aue /Shower 元音結(jié)尾+ 輔音開頭worn out w)naut /B. 弱讀 句子中有重要意義的詞帶有句重音，其他詞如助動詞、系動詞、連接詞、介詞、冠詞、和人稱代詞弱讀Youve done a good job. ju:hevdnegudd3)bC. 爆破 p b t d k g 這些音稱作爆破音 不發(fā)只保存口型爆破的四種情況： 前一個詞的末尾是爆破/ 后一個詞開頭也是爆 破/ 前一個爆破音

4、點(diǎn)到為止 不要發(fā)出來 specific guidelines / greed to/ modified plant當(dāng)相鄰的兩個詞的詞首和詞尾是同一個爆破 音時(shí)發(fā)一個音即可 Scientific community/ not true/ improvement to 當(dāng)以上爆破音后是t d3 時(shí)， 如but they 也要失去爆破 當(dāng)td出現(xiàn)在m n l f之前時(shí)，也要失去爆破recent landmark should not be3. 了解重音 句子重音往往是講話者表達(dá)意思的一種語音手段，因此，也是聽話者理解話語的重要依據(jù)。語調(diào)與說話人所表達(dá)的意思、態(tài)度、和感情密切相關(guān)。Son: Mum,

5、Ive got a B in my math exam.Mum: So you have passed.have 本不重讀 但帶有句重音 言外意 我原以為你會不及格cant can 區(qū)別很小 唯一區(qū)別在cant 有句重音4. 熟悉句子語調(diào)陳述句 降調(diào) This is a good story.疑問句 升調(diào) are you a student? 特殊疑問句 降調(diào) 句首疑問詞重度 what is this? 反義疑問句 前一局部降調(diào)、后一局部升調(diào)、有時(shí)用降調(diào) you like it, dont you?提問者對問題有很大把握，想讓對方證實(shí)時(shí)，用降調(diào)；提問者對問題沒有把握，希望對方答復(fù)，用降調(diào)。Do

6、 you believe it? A burglar broke into his house last night 降音 表示肯定A burglar broke into his house last night 升音 表示疑問用聲調(diào)重復(fù)前句也表示疑問去除障礙 ：跟讀法 隨錄音逐句朗讀 模仿 反復(fù)訓(xùn)練二、語義障礙聽力測試中易形成語義障礙 詞匯不超綱 有障礙多維語音把握不準(zhǔn) 認(rèn)真復(fù)習(xí)根本要求中的每個單詞 不僅認(rèn)識也要聽懂 特殊句式1. 聽力中常見的習(xí)語Its up to you. 你來決定吧。It depends.看情況來定。Its easier said than done. 說來容易做來難

7、。Its out of question. 沒問題。Its out of the question.不可能I cant agree with you more. 我完全贊同你的意見。I cant make it. 我做不到。So do I. 我也是。You said it. 你說的對。You bet I am. 我肯定會的。2理解障礙的句式結(jié)構(gòu)1虛擬語氣聽力中的虛擬語氣多用于表達(dá)建議、遺憾、抱怨等情感色彩，遇此句子，要注意其主要動詞往往表達(dá)非真實(shí)含義容易造成理解障礙的句式和結(jié)構(gòu)虛擬語氣，表達(dá)建議、遺憾、抱怨等感情色彩。If I had time, I would certainly go to

8、 the movies with you.如果有時(shí)間，我肯定陪你去看電影。I could have done better if I had been more careful.我要是再細(xì)心一點(diǎn)，是可以做得更好的。I wish I knew the answer to the question.我希望我知道這個問題的答案。可惜不知道。Wed rather you didnt know it.我寧愿你不知道這件事。( 2 ) 比擬結(jié)構(gòu)、不適用比擬級的比擬結(jié)構(gòu)、比擬結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá)最高級含義、比擬級和最高級表達(dá)否認(rèn)含義。A. 無比擬級的比擬結(jié)構(gòu)This film is not half as intere

9、sting as the one we saw last week.In terms of cost, this kind of material is far superior to that one.I would rather read novels than watch TV.B. 比擬級表示最高級 No one else loves you more than I in the world.在這個世界上沒有人比我更愛你。 But all in all, the project couldnt have turned better.C. 比擬級最高級表示否認(rèn)意義 The mail se

10、rvice between New York and Los Angeles should be better. (應(yīng)該好的實(shí)際上不好 用比擬級強(qiáng)調(diào)不好) They may think thats a wise move, but that is the last thing I would do.他們可能認(rèn)為這是明智之舉，可在我看來卻是下下之策。( 3 ) 否認(rèn)結(jié)構(gòu)完全否認(rèn)under no circumstances, by no means, in no case, no way, not. no, none, nobody, no one, nothing, nowhere, neith

11、er, never, neither nor, neither of , none of, at no time, on no occasion.局部否認(rèn)seldom, hardly, rarely, scarcely, barely, little, few, not always, not all, not both, not every雙重否認(rèn) not but; notwithout; notuntil; notunless, cant but, cant help but其他否認(rèn) unable, unlike, disliked, beyond, last, fail to, far

12、from, anything but, tooto等表示否認(rèn)的短語：At a loss, out of, instead of, short of, independent of, devoid of, ignorant of, innocent of, far from, free from, rather than, not everywhere, allnot, both not, everynot, nono not, not without, no (no one, nothing, never)but, tooto, cant but, cant help but, not (ne

13、ver, no)unless, notuntil, neithernor, anything but, not better than. ( 4 )因果結(jié)構(gòu) 表示原因的詞和詞組Because of, due to, owing to, thanks to, as, because, since, for, now that, in that, 表示結(jié)果的詞和詞組As a result, hence, therefore, so, thus, sothat, suchthat等表示目的的詞匯和短語In order to, so as to, in order that, so that等三、簡單

14、對話對策題型分類地點(diǎn)場景題、人物身份題、時(shí)間價(jià)格數(shù)字題、細(xì)節(jié)判斷題、意義解釋題、推理建議題、but 結(jié)構(gòu)否認(rèn)題、關(guān)系題、觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。應(yīng)試策略注意不同體裁短文的特點(diǎn)材料有故事、對話、講話、表達(dá)等，一般情況下，聽完前兩三句就能確定該短文屬于哪一類，對于對話、故事和表達(dá)材料、應(yīng)注意其中的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、主要情節(jié)和結(jié)局。對講話類材料那么應(yīng)著重弄清其主題思想，所訴問題之現(xiàn)狀、因果關(guān)系、說話人的觀點(diǎn)、所訴問題的解決方法或開展趨勢等。注意信息分布情況短文聽力理解局部的每篇材料有二至四個問題，有時(shí)其問題的先后順序與材料中的信息出現(xiàn)的順序不同，如：先提出的問題的答案不一定出現(xiàn)在短文的前部，而可能在中部或后部。

15、注意記住關(guān)鍵信息詞短文聽力理解局部的難點(diǎn)之一是，聽到的信息不一定能記住，考試時(shí)主要靠心記，在可能的情況下，應(yīng)爭取記下幾個關(guān)鍵信息詞以便在答題時(shí)幫助回憶聽過的內(nèi)容。記下信息詞可防止當(dāng)時(shí)聽懂了，錄音一停卻回憶不出具體內(nèi)容的情況。 注意以下原那么1因果原那么：含有表示因果關(guān)系的詞匯的句子，命題的可能性很大，這些詞匯包括because, why, reason, so, as a result, as a sign of, thanks to, therefore, due to 等等。2轉(zhuǎn)折原那么：含有表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的詞匯的句子，命題的可能性很大，這些詞匯包括but, however, whereas

16、, otherwise, unfortunately, yet等等。3首末句原那么：對于短文理解局部的大多數(shù)文章來講，首句和末句都很重要，出題的可能性很大，30%的短文題目的答案，可以通過首句末句得出。四種解題方法1.首先，預(yù)覽所給的測試工程，預(yù)測短文的內(nèi)容。2.留心短文開頭和結(jié)尾的句子，它們通常是文章的中心或作者的觀點(diǎn)，抓住它們，文章的中心也就明晰了。3.邊聽邊記錄4. 由于短文聽力是多種能力的綜合測試，所以考生平時(shí)要熟悉根本語音知識及常用詞匯，語法等根底知識，擴(kuò)大知識面，多讀各種題材的文章，訓(xùn)練分析，推理，判斷、綜合的能力。一、地點(diǎn)場景題常見： 提問場景 地點(diǎn) 對策： 熟悉場景短語、單詞、

17、由情節(jié)判斷分類三種1.在對話中提及好幾處，就其中一處提問 對策：做筆記 能選對2. 在對話中出現(xiàn)的地點(diǎn)非自己想要 對策：要注意對話中的地點(diǎn)，注意在腦海中勾勒出的場景3. 無任何地點(diǎn)，只有特色詞出現(xiàn)。舉例 分析【試題】2023.6A. in a restaurantB. in a bankC. in a storeD. in a post officeA原文：M: may I bring you something else? Some more coffee, perhaps?W: nothing more, thanks. Just bring me my bill.Q: where did

18、 the conversation most probably take place?特色詞Restaurant: bar, snack bar, caf, dining-hall, canteen, buffet, feast, regular dinner, drive-in, atmosphere, nice, order, menu, bill, beverage, brandy, cider, coffee, mineral water, salad, soup, dessert, roast, beef, steak, pork, lamb, mutton, refreshment

19、, appetizer, jam, pepper, leftovers, dine, dinning car, go Dutch, its my treat, Im full, what can I do for you? Are you ready to order now?特色詞School, university, college:Professor, dean, deans list, president, academic advisor, freshman, sophomore, junior, senior, class card, undergraduate, graduate

20、, postgraduate, degree, bachelors degree, bachelor of arts degree, bachelor of science degree, masters degree, doctorate , final exam, tests, quiz, thesis, campus, academic year, semester/ term, assignment, grade, score, papers, lab, take courses, core curriculum, course number, required course, cut

21、曠課， credit，mark, tuition, fees, faculty, extracurricular, fellowship(研究生獎學(xué)金)，grant-in-aid助學(xué)金，lecture，liberal arts, registration, withdrawal(休學(xué))特色詞HotelCan I help you, sir? Reception desk ,book a room, reservation, advance deposit(定金)Single/double room, triple room, economy room, standard room, super

22、ior room, family suite, presidential suite, twin bed, check in/out, tip, room service, luggage/ baggage.特色詞Library Library card, borrow, due, over-due, over-due fine, list, renew, latest issue, current issue, back issue, periodical, periodical reading room, publication, title index, alphabetic, bibl

23、iography, book catalogue, classified catalogue, take the book out, reserve books(館藏書), loan desk借書處,science-fiction, non-fiction特色詞Post office Can I help you? Send parcel, registered mail, air mail, ordinary/surface mail. Expensive, pay, counter, what can I do for you? Is there anything I can do for

24、 you? Id like to特色詞Store:Characteristic, product, advertise, price, style, size, color, fashion, cheap, expensive, pay, counter, what can I do for you? Is there anything I can do for you? Id like to see特色詞BankCan I help you? What kind of account did you have in your mind? Theres a service charge for

25、 the checking account but no charge for the savings. Will 100 yuan be enough for a minimum deposit? How much does each account cost? Is there a minimum for the first deposit? Here is your passbook. Keep it well and inform us whenever you lose it. Id like to open a current account, cheque, deposit so

26、me money, withdraw, current account, bankbook/ passbook, fixed deposit, interest rate特色詞Hospital:What seems to be trouble? Is there anything wrong? Fever, cough, headache, dizzy, drowsy, chills, vomiting, sneeze, rundown, runny nose, sore throat, stuffy nose, loss of appetite, short of breath, sharp

27、 pain, bleeding, aching joints, bloated, bump, fracture, prescription, pills, tablet, temperature, take to ones bed, get better/ improve特色詞Airport customs:Alternative, airfield, landing field, international /domestic, terminal(國際國內(nèi)航班候機(jī)樓)，jet way (登機(jī)道), shuttle bus, airline, passport, departure, inte

28、rnational/domestic flight, flight number, take off, security clearance, green/ red channel, boarding pass, check in, duty free shop, fill in the form; do you have anything to declare, sir? 二、人物身份關(guān)系題 判斷職業(yè)、身份、 人物關(guān)系 對策： 關(guān)于職業(yè)的特色詞， 了解不同身份 想象說話人場景解題要領(lǐng)1.第一步就是考生要抓住每題之間的停頓，力爭在聽錄音之前瀏覽一遍試題的選擇項(xiàng)，在頭腦中快速分析，確定問題是與職

29、業(yè)有關(guān)還是與身份有關(guān)，還是會話中涉及的某一種角色，如選擇項(xiàng)是單數(shù)名詞即問職業(yè)角色，如果為復(fù)數(shù)名詞或兩種身份那么問的是人物關(guān)系。2. 平時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)中注意積累職業(yè)相關(guān)詞匯 身份詞匯3. 注意體會講話人的口氣語調(diào)稱呼， 從而判斷對話者之間的關(guān)系。如，Mr. Mrs 不可能用于同事同學(xué)間，恰恰反映的是下級對上級學(xué)生對老師的關(guān)系，sir那么是較正式的尊稱， 認(rèn)識的人之間是不用的，夫妻之間用親昵口氣。4. 考題中出現(xiàn)兩個以上的人物相關(guān)信息，當(dāng)錄音材料中提供的信息涉及人較多時(shí)，考生要仔細(xì)區(qū)分哪些內(nèi)容與哪個人有關(guān)，聽清問題，防止答錯。舉例分析試題【2023.6】A, policeman and thiefB. p

30、oliceman and driverC. teacher and student D. director and actress B.M: why didnt you stop when we first signaled ?W: Im sorry. Do I have to pay a fine罰單?Q: whats the probable relationship between the man and the woman?常見問題方式：What is the persons probable vocation/job?Who are the speakers?What is the

31、relationship between the two speakers?Who is the woman/man speaking to?三、時(shí)間價(jià)格數(shù)字題數(shù)字題可分為區(qū)分型和計(jì)算型兩種區(qū)分型亦稱直接型， 即答案在錄音中世界給出， 而書面選擇項(xiàng)排列出幾個與錄音信息中近音， 近形的數(shù)字， 從而考察考生對數(shù)字的辨音、辨形能力；或原對話中給出幾個數(shù)字在選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)，要求考生根據(jù)問題識別出答案， 此類考題在最近的聽力測試中偶爾出現(xiàn)， 如2023年第五題舉例分析【試題】2023A. 5 kilometersB. 10 kilometersC. 15 kilometersD. 20 kilometers

32、C.計(jì)算型題目聽力中出現(xiàn)至少兩個數(shù)字，考生不僅要聽清這些數(shù)字，而且要搞清楚它們之間的關(guān)系，通過快速心算來確定正確答案。此類考題需要考生在聽取聽力內(nèi)容后進(jìn)行一定的加減乘除的計(jì)算。常出現(xiàn)，2023.2023.2023.2023舉例分析【試題】2023A. two boys and three girlsB. two boys and a girlC. four boys and a girlD. two boys and two girlsA. 總結(jié)要領(lǐng)1. 考生要注意日期、街道、房間、汽車、電話號碼的習(xí)慣表達(dá)方法， 如320讀成three-twenty 或three-two-zero;電話號碼那

33、么將數(shù)字逐個讀出來。2.注意價(jià)格的習(xí)慣表達(dá)， 如$19.95讀成nineteen ninety-five, 可能誤認(rèn)為1995美元。3.注意時(shí)間表達(dá)上英美的差異， 如1：45可讀成a quarter to two或one forty-five; 2:00p.m.可讀成Two p.m.或fourteen hours4. 注意倍數(shù)意義的表達(dá)。Twin, twice, three times, couple, a pair of, half, double, one-third等。5. 計(jì)算時(shí)注意數(shù)量單位與單位基數(shù)的不同， 如星期、日期、時(shí)、分的換算率分別為7、30/31、24、60. 再如 a q

34、uarter指時(shí)間是15分鐘， 指一季度是 3 個月，指百分比是25%。 6. 難，要多聽多練A. 時(shí)刻的讀法( 1 ) 時(shí)刻 9:00 nine o clock 9:05 five past nine/ nine five 9:15 a quarter past nine/ nine fifteen9:30 nine thirty/ half past nine 9:45 a quarter to ten/ nine forty-five12:05 five past noon 0:15 a quarter past midnight( 2 ) 年 月 日 公元前749年 seven for

35、ty-nine BC 1840年 eighteen forty；1900年 nineteen hundred 2023年two thousand and eight 100年 a century 10年 a decade兩周 a fortnight 前幾天：the other day 每年：yearly/ annually每季度：quarterly 每月：monthly 每周：weekly 每天：daily2009年4月29日 April the twenty-ninth/ two thousand and nineB. 數(shù)字的讀法 1基數(shù)詞/ 語數(shù)詞 23876 twenty-three t

36、housand eight hundred and seventy-six第116 one hundred and the sixteenth602房 room six 0 two電號 88251617 double eight two five one six one seven分機(jī)號 3003： extension three double zero three( 2 ) 分?jǐn)?shù) 小數(shù) 1/2 one half 1/3 one third (分子讀基數(shù) 分母讀序列數(shù)詞) 2/3 two thirds (分子大于 分母加s) 3:2 three to two 0.5 zero point fi

37、ve 12.18 twelve point one eight( 3 )貨幣、價(jià)格 英國貨幣 penny (pence) 便士/ pound 英鎊 美國貨幣 cent 美分 nickel=5美分 dime=10 美分 dollar美元C. 相關(guān)詞匯score，percentage，20% discount; 3 times as much as; take 3 pills a time, spend, cost, save, buy, purchase, plus, amount, dollar, cent, pound, penny, change, twice, couple, doubl

38、e, pain, quarter, dozen, 3 times a day, less than one and half.數(shù)字題常見的提問形式How many ?How many minutes fast/ slow/ late?How long does it take to/stay in?When/ at what timebegin/finish?How much doesspend/save/ borrow/lend /pay?How many dozens of?How old is?How often/far?Whenarrive/ want to leave?四、細(xì)節(jié)判斷題

39、 具體信息： 人物、物品、動作 對策：善于分析選項(xiàng) 把握信息 哪個選項(xiàng)信息被提及屢次要注意特點(diǎn)：選項(xiàng)的模式一樣 要么都是動詞不定式 要么都是動名詞解題要領(lǐng)：1留意對話中的動詞動詞活動短語，特別是與所給選項(xiàng)中的動詞或與動詞短語相關(guān)的信息。2考生平時(shí)要注意積累一些與某些活動相關(guān)的詞匯與搭配 travel, journey, trip 陸上短途 outing 遠(yuǎn)足 stroll散步 Wander徘徊 picnic野餐 camping野營 tour 同游 cruise水上短途旅游 voyage水上長途W(wǎng)hats the man/ woman going to do?What are the speak

40、ers probably going trying to do?What will the students do in 10 minutes?What did the speaker ask the students to do?舉例分析【試題】2023A. a bed coldB. the womans sonC. The weatherD. FatigueC.舉例分析M: have you ever seen such snow?W: Im tired of tired of all this cold. I wish we would see the sun for a change?

41、Q: what is being discussed?考生將對話中得信息snow, cold, the sun, a change等綜合考慮可知她們正在討論的是weather.舉例分析試題2023A. the loss of some TV equipment.B. the delay in the delivery of certain goods.C. the improper functioning of the audit department.D. the mistake made in the Atlantic Companys order.B. 舉例分析M: excuse me,

42、 Im from the atlantics TV Appliances Company. Id like to make some enquiries about our good that we ordered 2 weeks ago. W: On, yes.but your order went to the other department by mistake. Thats why it was delayed.Q: what problem are the two speakers talking about?五、意義解釋題對詞匯、詞組句式進(jìn)行提問 類型 單詞詞義解釋 詞組詞義解釋

43、 句式句意解釋常見方式：What can we learn from the conversation? What dose the man/ woman mean?單詞：Ex： I failed in the exam again= He didnt pass the physical exam. The speech is extremely moving= It was touching詞組： Ex: I already have my hands full with the report. have ones hands full with= be busy with Sell not

44、hing but the best 只賣最好的句義：Ex: A: A bought a few books B: A few? It looks like you bought out the bookstore. It means the man bought a lot books.六、 推理建議題不問細(xì)節(jié) 問隱含義 難度較大 需要體會講話人的言外之意聽力 悟性對策 全面分析 確定重點(diǎn)(1)解題要領(lǐng)：提問：邀請 請求 提議的固定表達(dá)方式答復(fù)：先表示感謝+找理由拒絕 ?攻略?p29常見提問方式：What does the man suggest the woman do? What is t

45、he woman suggesting?What does the man advise the woman do?What does the man mean/ imply?What does the woman say about the?What can we learn/ infer/ conclude from the conversation?What conclusion can we draw from the conversation?What is the mans/ womans attitude towards?What does the woman/ man thin

46、k of the idea/plan?How does the man feel about the plan/ proposal? etc.常見建議句型：You should must/d better/ may (might) as wellWould you like to?Wouldnt it be better to?Shall weWhy dont you? Why not? How about? I suggest you do If I were you. I would Were I you. I would do Lets/ Let us do Its high time

47、that you did Id rather you did ?( 2 ) 了解西方思維?攻略?P24女士的建議和要求?？忌⒁?，一般情況下，男生提出的觀點(diǎn)，女聲都不同意或有不同看法。反之，女聲的觀點(diǎn)建議多被男生同意贊賞，即女生的話及意見多為正確選項(xiàng)女聲代表美好、正面、陽光的信息。特征： 愛干凈、節(jié)約、能干、聰明、大度、有耐心、堅(jiān)持不懈、戀家、學(xué)習(xí)成績較好關(guān)于建議： 請求的題，將注意力集中在另一方的反響上3 注意暗示信息?攻略?P24A 抓住語音 語調(diào) 判斷說話人的態(tài)度B 抓住否認(rèn)結(jié)構(gòu) 注意語法上的全部否認(rèn)、局部否認(rèn)、雙重否認(rèn)、尤其含否認(rèn)義的動詞、動詞短語、介詞短語、介詞。C注意虛擬語氣七、

48、but結(jié)構(gòu)否認(rèn)題But結(jié)構(gòu)否認(rèn)題 轉(zhuǎn)折詞：Well, but, yet, however but 頻率最高+新信息考點(diǎn)否認(rèn)結(jié)構(gòu)題 分類：(1)明確否認(rèn)詞 no not never little few nobody nothing impossible improbable dislike unlikehardly, rarely, barely, neither nor, noteither without, anything but, not at all, not the least bit of, not in the least, no more, no longer (2)含蓄否認(rèn)

49、義 deny, refuse, doubt, miss, fail to do, be short of, lack, unless, instead of, too to, far from, other than, rather than, out of the question, beyond ones means, against ones will, should know better than to, be more than, had expected that, do sth in vain, should/ would have done sth, be the lastt

50、hat sb want to, is yet to be decided (3)雙重否認(rèn)=強(qiáng)烈否認(rèn) You cannot eat too much. 你吃得越多越好。 You cannot be too careful. 你越小心越好。 Not all these nations are neutral. 這些國家并非都是中立的。 I cannot agree with you more. 我太同意你的看法了。我非常同意你的看法。 I dont know nothing about whats waiting for me. 我不知道我未來的命運(yùn)如何。八、關(guān)系題1條件關(guān)系題 注意區(qū)分真實(shí)條件和

51、虛擬條件 如果一句話含有would， would have，should have, might等，那么句子的內(nèi)容很可能恰好與真實(shí)情況相反。Ex. If I were you, I would have someone else check it out. 虛擬條件，我不可能是你，只是通過這個假設(shè)表示建議 a: If I go to Pairs, will you meet me there? b: If I have time, Ill meet you there on the weekend. 真實(shí)條件下我就會這么做2因果關(guān)系題 這類題的信號詞較少，一般要考生聽完整個對話，甚至聽完問題后

52、才能判斷出考的是因果關(guān)系。3比擬關(guān)系題 比擬關(guān)系的信號詞比擬明顯，只要注意聽清比擬的雙方及關(guān)系，對其內(nèi)容是否聽懂了一般不會影響答題。為了增加考試的難度，有時(shí)題目中會出現(xiàn)連續(xù)比擬的情況，這就需要考生聽音時(shí)稍微做一下筆記，并且注意聽問題，從而正確判斷題目要求答復(fù)的到底是什么關(guān)系。表達(dá)：the same as, twice as much as, like, similar, resemble, asas, the morethe more (less), preferto, would ratherthan, be different from, 等。4轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系題 Id like to, but

53、Im going to a lecture. Thanks for inviting me, though.題中but強(qiáng)調(diào)其后句子“I m going to a lecture意義，實(shí)際上女子用此句拒絕男子的邀請。注意與but同義的其他詞：actually， well, really, in fact, as a matter of fact, to tell you the truth.九、觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題1語音語調(diào)。英語中，語調(diào)主要有升調(diào)、降調(diào)兩種另外還有升降調(diào)和降升調(diào)。不同的語調(diào)表達(dá)不同的含義。例如，陳述句用升調(diào)表示說話者抱有遲疑、猶豫的態(tài)度；用降調(diào)表示肯定。反意疑問句如果反意局部是降調(diào)，就表

54、示肯定，希望得到贊同或者支持；反之，那么表示征求對方的意見或不耐煩。2提示詞和關(guān)鍵詞 考生可以根據(jù)一些提示性的語 言或相關(guān)的詞語進(jìn)行判斷 ex. I think Ill say You said it.It seems to me that As far as Im concerned, I could say it is/ sounds true that So do I; Certainly/ Sure You bet; of course; indeed此類答復(fù)通常是肯定的、贊同的態(tài)度，同時(shí)還要注意表示否認(rèn)、轉(zhuǎn)折和虛擬等含義的指示詞： Are you kidding/joking/ser

55、ious? No kidding/ joking. Who told you that ? 練習(xí)及分析四、短文與長對話一、概述長對話與短文 對話中一般男女共10句，2-3個問題 多為wh-問題 多問地點(diǎn)、人物身份和關(guān)系短文 為 故事 科普文 社會化類文章 120-140個單詞 多問主題、講話人的情況陳述事實(shí)與細(xì)節(jié)、事情的原因與結(jié)果英美歷史、地理、社會文化生活、人物傳記、普通人的經(jīng)歷注意：1利用播放指令間隙，迅速地判斷選擇項(xiàng)，關(guān)鍵詞，大致推測材料的內(nèi)容、問題、文章體裁 爭取主動 有所側(cè)重2與Section A 相比 Section B的題目更加客觀、直觀、多數(shù)可以從文中獲取 這局部要抓住要點(diǎn)記住

56、情節(jié)3敘事文要注意時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、結(jié)果以及涉及的主要人物。4時(shí)間 地點(diǎn) 人物 多在故事前半局部 原因 結(jié)果 過程 多在后半局部5議論文：開頭結(jié)尾句多為文章主題句和結(jié)論句 中心思想6注意大量閱讀：增加背景知識二、短文與長對話體裁和題型如下體裁與對策：記敘文： 注意中心人物 故事情節(jié) 多考細(xì)節(jié)題考 “文章首句 陳述背景 事件的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物 因果關(guān)系轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系 結(jié)局意義說明文：科技 天文、地理、醫(yī)學(xué)、文化etc 要善于找關(guān)鍵詞，識別重要的事實(shí)、時(shí)間、原因、數(shù)據(jù)、概念、方式、人物身份、觀點(diǎn)和一些陳述etc.說明文：選項(xiàng)的文字多與原句一致 無需推理 所以在這個過程中應(yīng)瞄準(zhǔn)選項(xiàng) 一直聽到同義信息馬上標(biāo)

57、記議論文：針對話題評論，傾向性的表達(dá)，涉及，講話人的職業(yè)身份，主旨，闡述觀點(diǎn)，態(tài)度細(xì)節(jié)，三、短文與長對話題型分類與對策1. 題型 主旨大意題 聽好開頭/ 中心思想 開門見山 放開頭； 文中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的詞匯、主題詞 含有主題詞的選項(xiàng)很可能就是答案提問方式：?攻略?P51 what do you think is the best title? what do you think is the main idea of the passage? what does the passage advise us? what does the passage mainly talk about?事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題 What, Why, Where, Which, How, How many問題地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間、人物、事情、數(shù)字 文中出現(xiàn)因果連詞 如because so since due to等 文