2023考研語(yǔ)法講義：第二章 裸妝組合之并列句

1、目錄 TOC o 1-5 h z 第一節(jié)什么是并列句1第二節(jié)連詞分類及區(qū)別1第三節(jié)并列句的考點(diǎn)分析4第一節(jié)什么是并列句第二章裸妝組合之并列句第一節(jié)什么是并列句, 舉例英文：I like learning English, I dont like mathematics.分析加入并列連詞連接兩個(gè)分句，即：I like learning English, but I dont like mathematics.將其中的一個(gè)不重要的句子變成從句，重要的句子留為主句，即：Although I like learning English, I dont like mathematics.獨(dú)立主格的形式也

2、可以，兩句話合成一句話，只留一個(gè)動(dòng)詞存在，即：Liking learning English, I dontlike mathematics. 總結(jié)并列句就是連詞連接兩個(gè)句子(包括從句)He always works hard at everything, so my mother asks me to learn from him.【翻譯】他做任何事情都很努力，因此我媽媽總讓我像他學(xué)習(xí)。My uncle says (that) he has served here for twenty years and that he is going to retire next month.【翻譯】我

3、叔叔說(shuō)他在這兒已經(jīng)工作二十年了，下個(gè)月就退休。第二節(jié)連詞分類及區(qū)別.常見(jiàn)的并列連通1）平行關(guān)系：and, not only. but also., both. and., neither. nor.等。2）轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系：but, while, yet,whereas等。3）選擇關(guān)系：or, whether. or not.， either. or.等。4）因果關(guān)系：because, since, for, so 等。第二節(jié)連詞分類及區(qū)別,表示邏輯關(guān)系的其它詞（副詞和介詞短語(yǔ)）1）平行關(guān)系：Equally， similarly, likewise, simultaneously， at the sa

4、me time, in the meanwhile 等。遞進(jìn)關(guān)系： Then, also, besides, furthermore, moreover, additionally, subsequently, in addition 等。轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系： however, nevertheless, nonetheless, conversely, contrarily, unfortunately, unexpectedly, on the contrary, by contrast, on the other hand 等。4）選擇關(guān)系：alternatively 等5）因果關(guān)系：因?yàn)椋篵ec

5、ause of, be responsible for, due to, owing to, thanks to所以：thus, hence, consequently, therefore, as a result, as a consequence 等。6）總結(jié)關(guān)系：On the whole, all in all, overall, in conclusion, summary, general, generally （speaking） ， as a whole, mainly, substantially, to sum up, to conclude, in short, brie

6、f, in a word 等7）表示引出新對(duì)象（這類詞沒(méi)有連詞，主要是一些介詞和介詞短語(yǔ)）about = concerning = regarding = with regard to = as for/to = in respect of 關(guān)于in terms of就而論，在方面等.同意思的連詞與其它邏輯關(guān)系詞的區(qū)別電姒1跡麗1 ） He failed many times, but he didnt despair. 或 He failed many times but he didnt despair.第二節(jié)連詞分類及區(qū)別2 ) He failed many times. On the

7、contrary , he didnt despair.或 He failed many times, and on the contrary, he didnt despair.小試牛刀：這輛車子很舊，但仍處于良好的狀態(tài)。番用譯： The car was old, yet it was in excellent condition.或: The car was old. However, it was in excellent condition.平庸的人用熱鬧填補(bǔ)空虛，優(yōu)秀的人那么以獨(dú)處成就自己。番羽譯： Ordinary persons fill the void with excite

8、ment, yet these excellent ones accomplish themselves by solitude. 或： Ordinary persons fill the void with excitement. By contrast, these excellent ones accomplish themselves by solitude.羅曼羅蘭曾經(jīng)說(shuō)過(guò)，做錯(cuò)事才能長(zhǎng)見(jiàn)識(shí)，所以人生應(yīng)當(dāng)做錯(cuò)一些事情。番羽譯： Romain Rolland once said, you learn by doing wrong so you should do something w

9、rong in life.或： Romain Rolland once said,“ you learn by doing wrong. As a consequence, you should do something wrong in life. ” 人們都在人生的苦難中掙扎，有些浴火重生，有些卻粉身碎骨。翻譯：People are all struggling in life. Some rise from the ashes, while others fall to pieces.或：People are all struggling in life .Some rise from

10、the ashes, and nonetheless, others fall to pieces.在考研寫(xiě)作中，使用副詞和介詞短語(yǔ)這樣的邏輯關(guān)系詞顯然比使用那些常見(jiàn)的并列連詞好多了，但是寫(xiě)成這樣，并不能拿到高分。學(xué)完后面的修飾成分，加上定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)，句子就更有水平了，才有可能真正拿到 高分。 舉例第三節(jié)并列句的考點(diǎn)分析描述圖片： A man looking rather dim and gloomy is saying It is over. On the contrary, the other man who is preparing to pick up the bottle is cla

11、iming n Luckily, there is a little left*1 with a positive attitude.描述圖片：In the right place crouches a seemingly exhausted adult with a depressed look, saying , nI am tired so I want to give up. While in the left stands an energetic adult, who is smiling to his company and passionately encouraging hi

12、m to continue with the words Dont do that and we will reach the end with a rest1.第三節(jié)并列句的考點(diǎn)分析|一、并列句之寫(xiě)作| 賞析以天凈沙秋思為例:【中文】枯藤老樹(shù)昏鴉，小橋流水人家，古道西風(fēng)瘦馬。夕陽(yáng)西下，斷腸人在天涯。直接翻譯：【英文】Withered vines, an old tree, a crow at dusk,A small bridge, flowing water, a cottage,An old road, the west wind, a lean horse, Sunset, heart

13、broken people in the end of the world.加入一些邏輯關(guān)系詞：第三節(jié)并列句的考點(diǎn)分析【英文】There, in the distance, are withered vines around an old tree, and a crow is sitting on it at dusk.Not far from it, near a cottage, there exists a small bridge with running water under it.Besides, a lean horse is walking on an ancient pa

14、th in the west wind.Al the moment when the sun is settings heartbroken man is far from home. 舉例他愛(ài)的人早已經(jīng)結(jié)婚了，他卻依然默默地幻想著這份愛(ài)情。翻譯】The woman he loved has already been married, and however, he still silently fantasizes about this love.不要后悔對(duì)別人好，因?yàn)槟銓?duì)別人好，不是因?yàn)樗卸嗪?，而是你夠好。番羽譯Do not regret being good to others bec

15、ause you are good to others, not as he is good, but you are nice enough.作為獸中之王，獅子象征幸福和好運(yùn)，所以人們通常在春節(jié)和其他節(jié)日期間表演獅子舞?！痉g】As the king of beasts, the lion symbolizes happiness and good luck, and as a result, people usually perform lion dances during the Spring Festival and other festivals. 做一對(duì)好父母當(dāng)然是每一對(duì)父母的愿望

16、了，但是關(guān)于好父母的定義卻無(wú)疑是很復(fù)雜的.【翻譯 1 Being a good parent is what every parent would like to be, but defining what it means to be a good parent is undoubtedly very tricky.學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)不但能讓我們更好的了解外國(guó)文化而且還能幫住我們和外國(guó)人進(jìn)行流暢的交流。【翻譯】Learning English not only allows us to learn more about foreign cultures, but also helps us commu

17、nicate smoothly with foreigners.污染不但使很多孩子患上了不知名的疾病而且更重要的是，使我們失去了純潔的藍(lán)天。【翻譯】Pollution not only causes many children to suffer from unknown diseases, but also more importantly, makes us lose our pure blue sky.青藏鐵路大大縮短了其它地方與西藏之間的旅行時(shí)間。更重要的是，它極大地促進(jìn)了西藏的經(jīng)濟(jì)開(kāi)展，改善了當(dāng)?shù)鼐用竦纳??！痉g】The Qinghai-Tibet Railway has grea

18、tly shortened the travel time between Tibet and other places. Then More importantly, it has greatly promoted the economic development of Tibet and improved the lives of local residents.隨著住房條件的改善，越來(lái)越多年輕夫婦選擇與父母分開(kāi)住。但他們之間的聯(lián)系仍然很密切?！痉g】With the improvement of housing conditions, more and more young couple

19、s choose to live apart from their parents .however, they are still in close contact with each other.【解析】前后兩句話之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，但是我們用了副詞however來(lái)表達(dá)這種關(guān)系，沒(méi)有使用連詞。第三節(jié)并列句的考點(diǎn)分析二、長(zhǎng)難句分析(-)并列句成分的對(duì)應(yīng).詞性的對(duì)應(yīng)He opened the door, walked in and put down his schoolbag.【翻譯】他推開(kāi)門(mén)，走了進(jìn)去，放下了書(shū)包?！窘馕觥勘揪浒B詞and連接的三個(gè)動(dòng)作，前兩個(gè)動(dòng)作用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，在最后一個(gè)動(dòng)作前加

20、and即可。 并且根據(jù)對(duì)稱原那么，連詞前后的時(shí)態(tài)必須一致。第一個(gè)動(dòng)詞是opened,是動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式，那么另外兩個(gè) 動(dòng)詞也必須是動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式，即walked , put。She is a humble and motivated girl.【翻譯】她是一個(gè)謙虛又上進(jìn)的女孩?！窘馕觥坎⒘羞B詞and前面是形容詞，后面也是形容詞We often go fishing as well as swimming.【翻譯】人我們經(jīng)常釣魚(yú)和游泳?！窘馕觥坎⒘羞B詞as well as前面是V.-ing形式，后面也必須是V.-ing形式。.成分對(duì)應(yīng) My girlfriend is pleased with wha

21、t I have said and all that I have done.【翻譯】我女朋友對(duì)我說(shuō)的和我做的都很滿意。【解析】由并列連詞and連接兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，前后結(jié)構(gòu)一致。 It is a big problem for me to be a teacher or to start his own business.【翻譯】對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)當(dāng)老師或創(chuàng)業(yè)都是一個(gè)大問(wèn)題?！窘馕觥縤t只是形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是or并列的兩個(gè)不定式，這就是成分的對(duì)應(yīng)。(二)并列句中的省略現(xiàn)象.省略的成分省略主語(yǔ)She is poor, but has great ambitions.【翻譯】她雖然窮，但有著要遠(yuǎn)大的志向。

22、【解析】并列連詞but連接了兩句話，主語(yǔ)都是Sheo連詞后的主語(yǔ)與前面的主語(yǔ)一樣，此時(shí)可以將連詞 后的主語(yǔ)省略。省略be動(dòng)詞Its scientists were the worlds best, and its workers the most skilled.第三節(jié)并列句的考點(diǎn)分析【翻譯】它的科學(xué)家是世界上好的，它的工人是世界上熟練的?！窘馕觥坎⒘羞B詞and連接了兩句話，這兩句話的主語(yǔ)分別是：Its scientists和its workers0并列句前后主 語(yǔ)不同，但謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都是be動(dòng)詞，此時(shí)可以將后面句子 的be動(dòng)詞省略。補(bǔ)全即為：Its scientists werethe worl

23、ds best, and its workers were the most skilled.省略主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)The news made John happy but Marry sad.【翻譯】這個(gè)消息讓約翰很開(kāi)心，但是這個(gè)消息卻讓瑪麗很傷心?！窘馕觥坎⒘羞B詞是but,并列句要求對(duì)稱，但是but后面只有賓語(yǔ) Marry和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)sad,連詞后的主謂 應(yīng)和前面一致，很明顯，這句話后面省略了主謂The news made。省略重復(fù)的其它內(nèi)容Meanwhile, this policy does nothing to ensure that the homework students receiv

24、e is meaningful or appropriate to their age and the subject, or that teachers are not assigning more than they are willing to review and correct.【翻譯】與此同時(shí)，這項(xiàng)政策并不能確保學(xué)生得到的家庭作業(yè)是有意義的或適合他們的年齡和科耳，也不 能確保老師布置的作業(yè)超過(guò)了他們?cè)敢鈴?fù)習(xí)和改正的程度。.如何查找省略的內(nèi)容省略的均為并列連詞后的內(nèi)容并列連詞后的成分，其前通常有并列連詞前有，而后無(wú)的成分 舉例These kinds of books are read

25、 and those .【解析】如果直接翻譯這句話，那就是：有人讀了這些書(shū)并且那些。補(bǔ)充上省略內(nèi)容，完整句子是：These kinds of books are read and those kinds of books are read .【翻譯】有人讀了這些書(shū)，有人讀了那些書(shū)。 練習(xí)There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend.【分析】第三節(jié)并列句的考點(diǎn)分析【翻譯】Darwin was

26、 convinced that the loss of these tastes for pictures or music was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character.【分析】【翻譯】(3) As families move away from their stable community, their friends of many years, and their extended family relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable.【分析】【翻譯】Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected