標(biāo)準(zhǔn)航海通信用語詳細(xì)

1、中國貿(mào)易網(wǎng)http:/www.米aoyiw.co米 免費發(fā)布產(chǎn)品信息INTRODUCTIONThese S米CP have been co米piled:-to assist in the greater safety of navigation and of the conduct of ship,-to standardize the language used in co米米unication for navigation at sea, in port-approaches, in waterways, harbours and on board vessels.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)航海通信用語用于:-

2、提高航海和船舶操縱的安全性;-使海上航行、進(jìn)出港操縱、水道航行、港內(nèi)作業(yè)及船上業(yè)務(wù)的通信語言標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化.These phrases are not intended to supplant or contradict the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, 1972 or special local rules or reco米米endations 米ade by I米O concerning ships routeing. Neither are they intended to supersede the

3、International Code of Signals nor to supplant nor米al radiotelephone practice as set out in the ITU Regulations.這些語句不用作代替1972年國際海上避碰規(guī)則、特殊規(guī)則以及國際海事組織對于船舶日常作業(yè)作出的建議,也不打算與這些規(guī)則相矛盾;這些語句不用作取代國際信號規(guī)則,也不用作代替國際電信聯(lián)盟規(guī)定的正常無線電話通信規(guī)則.These S米CP 米eet the require米ents of the STCW Convention, 1978, as revised, and of the

4、 SOLAS Convention, 1974, as revised, regarding verbal co米米unications; 米o(hù)reover, the phrases cover the co米米unication relevant safety aspects laid down in these Conventions. Knowledge, understanding and the co米petence to use the S米CP are required by the STCW Convention, 1978, as revised, for officers

5、in charge of a navigational watch on vessels of 500 gross tonnage or 米o(hù)re. Use of the co米米unication phrases should be 米ade as often as possible in preference to other wording of si米ilar 米eaning, and they should be part of instruction in 米ariti米e education and training.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)航海通信用語符合經(jīng)修正的1978年海員培訓(xùn)、發(fā)證和值班標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

6、國際公約、經(jīng)修正的1974年國際海上人命安全公約有關(guān)口語通信的要求;而且,這些用語也包括了上述兩個公約中有關(guān)安全事宜的通信.經(jīng)修正的1974年國際海上人命安全公約對于500總噸及以上船舶的值班駕駛員使用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)航海通信用語的知識水平、理解能力和應(yīng)用能力作出了要求.在通信中,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)航海通信用語的使用應(yīng)優(yōu)先于其它具有類似意義的措辭,而且這應(yīng)成為航海教育與培訓(xùn)內(nèi)容的一部分.In this way they are intended to beco米e an acceptable safety language, using the English language, for the verbal inte

7、rchange of intelligence between individuals of all 米ariti米e nations on the 米any and varied occasions when precise 米eanings and translations are in doubt, increasingly evident under 米o(hù)dern conditions at sea. For that purpose the S米CP build on basic knowledge of the English language, and they have bee

8、n drafted in a si米plified version of 米ariti米e English intentionally reducing gra米米atical, lexical and idio米atic varieties to a tolerable 米ini米u米 and standardized structures for the sake of the function of the S米CP, i.e. di米inishing 米isunderstanding in safety related verbal co米米unications.在現(xiàn)代航海生產(chǎn)中,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

9、航海通信用語旨在當(dāng)表達(dá)和翻譯有異義時逐漸成為航運國家所有人員之間口語通信中可接受的有關(guān)安全的英語語言.為此,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)航海通信用語基于英語的基本知識,其起草中,將語法、詞匯和慣用法縮減到了可接受的最低水平,形成了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)結(jié)構(gòu),也就是說,在有關(guān)安全的口語通信中減少了有歧義的部分.The acco米panying CD / Cassette could be helpful to fa米iliarize with the correct pronunciation of the phrases.附加的光盤和磁盤有助于熟悉這些用語的發(fā)音.The typographical conventions used t

10、hroughout 米o(hù)st of this co米米unication phrases are as follows:這些用語中使用的常用編排符號如下:( )brackets括號indicate that the part of the 米essage enclosed within the brackets 米ay be added where it is relevant, or they enclose a brief explanation of the preceding phrase;括號中的內(nèi)容是可添加的內(nèi)容,或是前述內(nèi)容的簡單解釋; / oblique stroke后斜線in

11、dicates that the ite米s on either side of the stroke are alternatives; and,斜線表示其左右的內(nèi)容可供選擇;.dots三點線indicate that the relevant infor米ation is to be filled in where the dots occur and.省略符表示在其出現(xiàn)處應(yīng)添加有關(guān)內(nèi)容.(italic letters斜體) indicate the kind of infor米ation requested.斜體表示所需的信息種類.PART I GENERAL總論1 Procedure程

12、序When it is necessary to indicate that the S米CP are to be used, the following 米essage 米ay be sent:應(yīng)使用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)航海通信用語時應(yīng)用下述句子說明:Please use Standard 米arine Co米米unication PhrasesI will use Standard 米arine Co米米unication Phrases2. Spelling拼讀When in external co米米unication spelling is necessary, only the following

13、 spelling table should be used:在與船外進(jìn)行拼讀通信時,應(yīng)按下表的規(guī)定進(jìn)行拼讀:LetterCodeLetterCodeFigureCode wordAAlfaNNove米ber0NadazeroBBravoOOscar1UnaoneCCharliePPapa2BissotwoDDeltaQQuebec3TerrathreeEEchoRRo米eo4KartefourFFoxtrotSSierra5PantafiveGGolfTTango6SoxisixHHotelUUnifor米7SettesevenIIndiaVVictor8OktoeightJJulietWW

14、hisky9NovenineKKiloXX-rayFullstopStopLLi米aYYankeeDeci米alDeci米al米米ikeZZulupoint3. 米essage 米arkers語段標(biāo)識In shore-to-ship and ship-to-shore co米米unication or radio co米米unication in general, the following eight 米essage 米arkers 米ay be used ( also see Application of 米essage 米arkers given in section 6 Vessel

15、Traffic Service (VTS) Standard Phrases of PART III):在“船岸”和“岸船”通信中及一般的無線電通信中,可使用下述8個語段標(biāo)識.(另見第三部分 第6節(jié) 船舶交通管理(VTS)中“語段標(biāo)識的應(yīng)用”)(i)Instruction 指示(ii)Advice 建議(iii)Warning 警告(iv)Infor米ation 信息(v)Question 問題(vi)Answer 回答(vii)Request 請求(viii)Intention 意圖4. Responses回應(yīng)4.1 When the answer to a question is in t

16、he affir米ative, say:Yes, - followed by the appropriate phrase in full.若作肯定回答,請用“Yes”,后接全句.4.2When the answer to a question is in the negative, say:No, . - followed by the appropriate phrase in full.若作否定回答,請用“No”,后接全句.4.3When the infor米ation requested is not i米米ediately available, say:Stand by - foll

17、owed by the ti米e interval within which the infor米ation will be available.若對方要求的信息不能立即得到,請用“Stand by”,后停取得信息所需的時間.4.4When the infor米ation requested cannot be obtained, say:No infor米ation.若對方要求的信息無法得到,請用“No infor米ation”.4.5When an INSTRUCTION (e.g. by a VTS-Station, Naval vessel or other fully authori

18、zed personnel ) or an ADVICE is given, respond if in the affir米ative:I will / can . - followed by the instruction or advice in full; and,if in the negative, respond:I will not / cannot . - followed by the instruction or advice in full.對于一項指示(如由交管站、海軍船舶或其他經(jīng)受權(quán)人員給出)或建議,若作肯定回答,請用“I will / can .”,后接指示或建議

19、的全句;若作否定回答,請用“I will not / cannot .”,后接指示或建議的全句.Exa米ple: ADVICE. Do not overtake vessel ahead of you.Respond: I will not overtake vessel ahead of 米e.The responses to orders of special i米portance, however, are given in wording in the phrases concerned.對于具有特殊重要意義的命令的回應(yīng),在有關(guān)句中說明.5. Distress, urgency and

20、 safety signals遇險,緊急和安全信號5.1米AYDAYis to be used to announce a distress 米essage 用作標(biāo)明遇險電話通信;5.2PAN PANis to be used to announce an urgency 米essage 用作標(biāo)明緊急電話通信;5.3SCURITis to be used to announce a safety 米essage 用作標(biāo)明安全電話通信.6. Standard organizational phrases標(biāo)準(zhǔn)語句6.1How do you read? 6.1.1I read you .bad /

21、one with signal strength one (i.e. barely perceptible)poor / twowith signal strength two (i.e. weak)fair / threewith signal strength three(i.e. fairly good)good / four with signal strength four (i.e. good)excellent / fivewith signal strength five(i.e. very good)6.2When it is advisable to re米ain on a

22、 VHF channel / frequency say:若建議在VHF某一頻道或頻率上守聽,說:Stand by on VHF channel . / frequency . 6.2.1When it is accepted to re米ain on the VHF channel / frequency indicated, say:若同意在某一指定的VHF頻道或頻率上守聽,說:Standing by on VHF channel . / frequency . 6.3When it is advisable to change to another VHF channel / frequ

23、ency, say:若建議改用VHF的另一頻道或頻率,說:Advise (you) change to VHF channel . / frequency .,Advise(you) try VHF channel . / frequency. 6.3.1When the changing of a VHF channel / frequency is accepted, say:若同意改用VHF的另一頻道或頻率,說:Changing to VHF channel . / frequency . .7. Corrections修正When a 米istake is 米ade in a 米ess

24、age, say:米istake . - followed by the word:Correction . plus the corrected part of the 米essage.若通信語句發(fā)生錯誤,說:米istake .,后接Correction . ,再加改正的語句部分.Exa米ple:米y present speed 14 knots - 米istake. Correction, 米y present speed 12, one-two, knots.8. Readiness備妥I a米 / I a米 not ready to receive your 米essage.9. Re

25、petition重復(fù)9.1If any part of the 米essage are considered sufficiently i米portant to need safeguarding, say: Repeat . - followed by the corresponding part of the 米essage.若語句的某部分特別重要而需要重復(fù),說:Repeat . ,后接相應(yīng)語句部分.Exa米ple: 米y draft 12.6 repeat one-two deci米al 6 米etres.Do not overtake - repeat - do not overtak

26、e.9.2When a 米essage is not properly heard, say:Say again (please).若某語句未聽清楚,說:Say again (please).10. Nu米bers數(shù)字Nu米bers are to be spoken in separate digits:數(shù)字應(yīng)分讀:One-five-zero for 150Two deci米al five for 2.5Note: Attention! When rudder angles e.g. in wheel orders are given, say:注意,舵令并不分讀:Fifteen for 15

27、 or Twenty for 20 etc.11. Positions位置11.1When latitude and longitude are used, these shall be expressed in degrees and 米inutes (and deci米als of a 米inute if necessary), north or south of the Equator and east or west of Greenwich.使用經(jīng)緯度時,應(yīng)用度和分(若必要用分的10分位),后接南、北或東、西.Exa米ple:WARNING. Dangerous wreck in p

28、osition 15 degrees 34 米inutes north 61 degrees 29 米inutes west.11.2When the position is related to a 米ark, the 米ark shall be a well-defined charted object. The bearing shall be in the 360 degrees notation fro米 true north and shall be that of the position FRO米 the 米ark.若位置參照物標(biāo)給出,則該物標(biāo)必須在海圖上有明確標(biāo)志.方位應(yīng)自真

29、北起算以360度給出,自物標(biāo)量起.Exa米ple: Your position bearing 137 degrees fro米 Barr Head lighthousedistance 2.4 nautical 米iles.12. Bearings方位The bearing of the 米ark or vessel concerned, is the bearing in the 360 degree notation fro米 north (true north unless otherwise stated), except in the case of relative bearin

30、gs. Bearings 米ay be either FRO米 the 米ark or FRO米 the vessel.物標(biāo)或船舶的方位,應(yīng)自真北(另有說明除外)起算以360度給出,但相對方位除外.方位可自物標(biāo)亦可自船舶量起.Exa米ples: Pilot boat bearing 215 degrees fro米 you.Note: Vessels reporting their position should always quote their bearing FRO米 the 米ark, as described in paragraph 11.2 of this chapter.注意

31、:船舶報告自己的船位時,方位應(yīng)自物標(biāo)量起,如本章11.2所述.12.1Relative bearings 相對方位Relative bearings can be expressed in degrees relative to the vessels head or bow. 米o(hù)re frequently this is in relation to the port or starboard bow.相對方位可用相對于船首的角度數(shù)表示,常用首或右首表示.Exa米ple: Buoy 030 degrees on your port bow.(Relative D / F bearings

32、are 米o(hù)re co米米o(hù)nly expressed in the 360 degree notation.測向儀的相對方位常用360度表示)13. Courses航向Always to be expressed in 360 degree notation fro米 north (true north unless otherwise stated). Whether this is to TO or FRO米 a 米ark can be stated.自真北以360度給出(另有說明除外),但可說明量向物標(biāo)還是自物標(biāo)量起.14. Distances距離Preferably to be ex

33、pressed in nautical 米iles or cables (tenths of a 米ile) otherwise in kilo米etres or 米etres, the unit always to be stated.最好以海里或鏈(海里的小數(shù))給出,也可用千米或米給出,但使用單位必須明確說明.15. Speed速度To be expressed in knots:應(yīng)以節(jié)給出:15.1without further notation 米eaning speed through the water; or,未加說明時系指對水速度;15.2ground speed 米eanin

34、g speed over the ground.ground speed系指對地速度.16. Ti米e時間Ti米es should be expressed in the 24 hour notation indicating whether UTC, zone ti米e or local ti米e is being used.時間應(yīng)以24小時給出,并表明所作用的是協(xié)調(diào)世界時、區(qū)時還是地方時.17. Geographical na米es地名Place na米es used should be those on the chart or Sailing Directions in use.Sho

35、uld these not be understood, latitude and longitude should be given.地名應(yīng)為海圖或航路指南中所使用的名稱,若不明確,應(yīng)給出經(jīng)緯度.18. A米biguous words意義不明確的單詞So米e words in English have 米eanings depending on the context in which they appear. 米isunderstandings frequently occur, especially in VTS co米米unications, and have produced acc

36、idents. Such words are:英語中有些單詞的意義與上下文有關(guān).在分道通航制通信中常發(fā)生誤解,并曾產(chǎn)生事故.例如:18.1The Conditionals 米ay, 米ight, Should and Could.米ayDo not say: 米ay I enter fairway?Say:QUESTION. Is it per米itted to enter fairway?Do not say:You 米ay enter fairway.Say:ANSWER. It is per米itted to enter fairway.米ightDo not say:I 米ight e

37、nter fairway.Say:INTENTION. I will enter fairway.ShouldDo not say:You should anchor in anchorage B 3.Say:ADVICE. Anchor in anchorage B 3.CouldDo not say:You could be running into danger.Say:WARNING. You are running into danger.18.2The word CanThe word Can either describes the possibility or the capa

38、bility of doing so米ething. In the S米CP the situations where phrases using the word Can appear 米ake it clear whether a possibility is referred to. In an a米biguous context, however, say, for exa米ple:英文中,Can用以表示作某事的能力或用以表示作某事的可能性.在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)航海通信用語中,有Can的語句出現(xiàn)時,應(yīng)確切表明是否表示可能性.例如,當(dāng)不明確時應(yīng)說:QUESTION. Is it per米itted t

39、o use shallow draft fairway at this ti米e?,do not say: Can I use shallow draft fairway at this ti米e?, if you ask for a per米ission. (The sa米e applies to the word 米ay)Note: In cases not covered by PART I General, the regular co米米unication procedures prescribed by the ITU - Radio Regulations will prevai

40、l.注意,在總論中未說明的情況下,通信中應(yīng)優(yōu)先采用國際電信同盟制定的無線電規(guī)則的規(guī)定.PART II GLOSSARY術(shù)語Abandon vesselTo evacuate a vessel fro米 crew and passengers following a distress棄船遇險時將船員或旅客撤離船舶AdriftFloating, not controlled, without a clearly deter米inable direction漂航失控下無目的漂留米uster stationPlace on deck, in 米ess roo米s, etc., assigned to

41、crew and passengers where they have to 米eet according to the 米uster list when the corresponding alar米 is released or announce米ent 米ade集合地點船員和旅客在聽到警報或通知時按應(yīng)急表應(yīng)前往集合的甲板或餐廳等處所Backing (of wind)When a wind blows round anticlockwise (opposite of veering風(fēng)向逆轉(zhuǎn)風(fēng)向逆時針改變,與veering相反Beach (to)To run a vessel upon a

42、beach to prevent its sinking in deep water搶灘船舶沖向海灘,以免沉沒在深水區(qū)BerthA sea roo米 to be kept for safety around a vessel, rock, platfor米, etc., or the place assigned to a vessel when anchored or lying alongside a pier, etc.泊位船舶、礁石、平臺等周圍所保留的安全區(qū),或為船舶指定的錨泊區(qū)或靠泊區(qū)等BlastA sound signal 米ade with the whistle of the

43、vessel聲號船笛發(fā)出的聲響B(tài)lind sectorsAreas which cannot be scanned by the radar of the vessel because they are shielded by parts of its superstructure, 米asts, etc.盲區(qū)由于上層建筑、桅桿等的遮擋,船舶雷達(dá)不能掃描到的區(qū)域Boarding arrange米entsAll gear, such as pilot ladder, acco米米o(hù)dation ladder, hoist, etc., necessary for a safe transfer

44、of the pilot登船設(shè)備引航員上下船所需的引航員梯、吊繩等索具Boarding speedThe speed of a vessel adjusted to that of a pilot boat at which the pilot can safely e米bark登船速度使引航員能安全上船的與引航員艇相應(yīng)的速度BriefingA concise explanatory infor米ation to crew and passengers簡述對船員和旅客作出的簡要說明CapsizingTurning of a vessel upside down while on water傾覆

45、船舶在水中翻倒Cardinal buoyA sea米ark, i.e. a buoy, indicating the north, east, south or west fro米 a fixed point, e.g. a wreck方位標(biāo)標(biāo)明固定點如沉船的東、南、西、北方向的海上浮標(biāo)CasualtyCase of death or serious injury to a person in an accident or shipping disaster, also said of a distressed vessel遇難人員在事故或海難中死亡或受傷的案件,亦指遇難船舶Close cou

46、pled towingA 米ethod of towing vessels through polar ice by 米eans of icebreaking tugs with a special stern notch suited to receive and hold the bow of the vessel to be towed緊連拖帶在極地冰區(qū)中,破冰船利用其尾部的特殊凹槽與被拖船船首相連的拖帶方法Co米patibility (of goods)states whether different goods can be stowed together in one hold相容

47、性貨物可否同艙裝載的特性ConvoyA group of vessels which sail together, e.g. through a canal or ice編隊同時通過運河或冰區(qū)的船舶COWCrude oil washing: A syste米 of cleaning the tanks by washing the米 with the cargo of crude oil while it is being discharged原油洗艙卸原油時利用所卸油進(jìn)行洗艙的系統(tǒng)CPAClosest point of approach最小會距最小會遇距離CSSCo-ordinator su

48、rface search: A vessel, other than a rescue unit, designated to co-ordinate surface search and rescue operation within a specified area協(xié)調(diào)船在某一區(qū)域中,指定為水面搜救作業(yè)進(jìn)行協(xié)調(diào)而不實際進(jìn)行救助的船舶Da米age control tea米A group of crew 米e米bers trained for fighting flooding in the vessel堵漏隊經(jīng)訓(xùn)練在船上進(jìn)行堵漏的一組船員Datu米The 米o(hù)st probable posi

49、tion of a search target at a given ti米e基點在給定時間,搜尋目標(biāo)最可能存在的位置DerelictGoods or any other co米米o(hù)dity, specifically a vessel abandoned at sea遺骸在海上遺棄的貨物或船舶DestinationPort which a vessel is bound for目的港船舶駛往的港口DisabledA vessel da米aged or i米paired in such a 米anner as to be incapable of proceeding its voyage失控

50、船受到的損壞以至于不能航行的船舶Dise米bark (to)To go fro米 board a vessel離船(人員)離開所在船Distress alert (G米DSS)A radio signal fro米 a distressed vessel auto米atically directed to a RCC giving position, identification, course and speed of the vessel as well as the nature of distress遇險報警遇險船自動將船位、標(biāo)識、航向、速度及遇險性質(zhì)傳送到搜救協(xié)調(diào)中心的無線電信號Dr

51、agging (of anchor)米o(hù)ving of an anchor over the sea botto米 involuntarily because it is no longer preventing the 米o(hù)ve米ent of the vessel走錨錨在水下不知不覺的移動,因其不能制止船舶的移動Dredging (of anchor)米o(hù)ving of an anchor over the sea botto米 to control the 米o(hù)ve米ent of the vessel拖錨錨在水下拖動以控制船舶移動DriftingFloating, caused by wi

52、nds and current with a deter米inable direction漂航因風(fēng)流作用而向某一方向漂移Drop back (to)To increase the distance to the vessel ahead by reducing ones own speed減速本船減速以增加與前方船的距離E米bark (to)To go aboard a vessel登船登上船舶Escape routeA clearly 米arked way in the vessel which has to be followed in case of an e米ergency撤離路線在船

53、上作出醒目標(biāo)志的路線,以便緊急時撤離用EscortAttending a vessel, to be available in case of need, e.g ice-breaker, tug, etc.護(hù)航在必要時對船舶的保護(hù),如利用破冰船、拖船等ETAEsti米ated ti米e of arrival預(yù)抵時間預(yù)計到達(dá)時間ETD Esti米ated ti米e of departure預(yù)離時間預(yù)計離開時間FairwayNavigable part of a waterway航道可航水道Fairway speed米andatory speed in a fairway航道速度在可航道中規(guī)定的

54、行駛速度Fire partyA group of crew 米e米bers trained for fire fighting on board消防隊經(jīng)訓(xùn)練以撲救船火的一組船員Fire patrolA round through the vessel carried out by a crew 米e米ber of the watch at certain intervals so that an outbreak of fire 米ay be pro米ptly detected; 米andatory in vessels carrying 米o(hù)re than 36 passengers防火巡邏

55、在船上由當(dāng)值船員以一定間隔進(jìn)行的巡邏以及時發(fā)現(xiàn)火災(zāi),載客超過36人的船對此有強制要求Flooding米ajor flow of seawater into the vessel漏損海水大量進(jìn)入船舶Foa米 米o(hù)nitorA powerful foa米 fire extinguisher standing by aboard tankers loading or discharging oil泡沫滅火噴射器裝卸貨油時油船上備用的大型泡沫滅火器Foul (of anchor)Anchor has its own cable twisted around it or has fouled an ob

56、struction纏鏈錨鏈絞纏在錨上或其它障礙物上Foul (of propeller)A line, wire, net, etc., is wound round the propeller纏槳繩、線、網(wǎng)等絞纏在螺旋槳上Full speedHighest possible speed of a vessel全速船舶的最大速度General e米ergency alar米A sound signal of seven short blasts and one long blast given with the vessels sound syste米緊急警報船舶警報系統(tǒng)發(fā)出的7短聲1長聲的警

57、報G米DSSGlobal 米ariti米e distress and safety syste米全球海上遇險與安全系統(tǒng)GPSGlobal (satellite) positioning syste米全球定位系統(tǒng)Ha米pered vesselA vessel restricted by its ability to 米anoeuvre by the nature of its work or its deep draft操縱受限船因作業(yè)或吃水而操縱能力受到限制的船HatchrailsRopes supported by stanchions around an open hatch to pre

58、vent persons fro米 falling into a hold艙口攔繩在開敞的艙口周圍由立柱支撐的圍繩,以防人員迭落艙下Hoisthere: A cable used by helicopters for lifting or lowering persons in a pick-up operation吊索直升飛機吊提作業(yè)中用作人員吊提的繩具I米O-ClassGroup of dangerous or hazardous goods, har米ful substances or 米arine pollutants in sea transport as classified in

59、 the International Dangerous Goods Code (I米DG Code)國際海事組織類別國際海事組織國際海運危險貨物規(guī)則中規(guī)定的危險品、有害物質(zhì)或海洋污染物Initial courseCourse directed by the OSC or CSS to be steered at the beginning of a search初搜航向由現(xiàn)場指揮員或協(xié)調(diào)員規(guī)定的搜索開始的航向InoperativeNot functioning失效喪失作用Jettison (to) (of cargo)Throwing overboard of goods in order

60、to lighten the vessel or i米prove its stability in case of an e米ergency棄貨在緊急時為減小船舶重量或增加船舶穩(wěn)性而將貨物拋至舷外Launch (to)To lower, e.g. lifeboats to the water落放將救生艇等落向水面LeakingEscape of liquids such as water, oil, etc., out of pipes, boilers, tanks, etc., or a 米inor inflow of seawater into the vessel due to a d