Delphi命令行編譯指南

1、 HYPERLINK /tarmee/archive/2007/08/02/1722299.aspx Delphi命令行編譯指南Borland出品的Delphi，有著閃電般的編譯速度，但是在界面控件使用較多、工程項目較大的時候，編譯一個工程仍需要一段時間，打開龐大的Delphi IDE，也需要時間。其實，在一個工程開發(fā)結(jié)束，調(diào)試完成之后的Release編譯，完全可以用命令行來執(zhí)行，因為Delphi的編譯器參數(shù)不像C+編譯器那樣復(fù)雜。筆者把Delphi聯(lián)機手冊中關(guān)于命令行編譯(command-line compiler)的幾篇主題作了翻譯，希望對Delphi開發(fā)人員有幫助。目錄 HYPERLIN

2、K /Editor/FCKeditor/editor/fckeditor.html?InstanceName=ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder1_EntryEditor1_richTextEditor_richTextEditor&Toolbar=Default l _Toc173818098 1 Command-line compiler命令行編譯器. 1 HYPERLINK /Editor/FCKeditor/editor/fckeditor.html?InstanceName=ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder1_EntryEditor1_richTextE

3、ditor_richTextEditor&Toolbar=Default l _Toc173818099 2 Command-line compiler options命令行編譯選項. 2 HYPERLINK /Editor/FCKeditor/editor/fckeditor.html?InstanceName=ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder1_EntryEditor1_richTextEditor_richTextEditor&Toolbar=Default l _Toc173818100 3 Compiler directive options編譯器指令選項. 3 HY

4、PERLINK /Editor/FCKeditor/editor/fckeditor.html?InstanceName=ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder1_EntryEditor1_richTextEditor_richTextEditor&Toolbar=Default l _Toc173818101 4 Compiler mode options編譯模式選項. 5 HYPERLINK /Editor/FCKeditor/editor/fckeditor.html?InstanceName=ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder1_EntryEditor1_ric

5、hTextEditor_richTextEditor&Toolbar=Default l _Toc173818102 5 DCC32.CFG fileDCC32.CFG配置文件. 7 HYPERLINK /Editor/FCKeditor/editor/fckeditor.html?InstanceName=ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder1_EntryEditor1_richTextEditor_richTextEditor&Toolbar=Default l _Toc173818103 6 Debug options調(diào)試選項. 8 HYPERLINK /Editor/FCK

6、editor/editor/fckeditor.html?InstanceName=ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder1_EntryEditor1_richTextEditor_richTextEditor&Toolbar=Default l _Toc173818104 7 Directory options目錄選項. 10 HYPERLINK /Editor/FCKeditor/editor/fckeditor.html?InstanceName=ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder1_EntryEditor1_richTextEditor_richTextEdit

7、or&Toolbar=Default l _Toc173818105 8 IDE command-line optionsIDE命令行選項. 12 HYPERLINK /Editor/FCKeditor/editor/fckeditor.html?InstanceName=ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder1_EntryEditor1_richTextEditor_richTextEditor&Toolbar=Default l _Toc173818106 9 Generated files幾個IDE自動產(chǎn)生的文件介紹. 141 Command-line compiler命令行編

8、譯器Delphis command-line compiler (dcc32.EXE) lets you invoke all the functions of the IDE compiler (DELPHI32.EXE) from the DOS command line (see IDE command-line options. Run the command-line compiler from the DOS prompt using the syntax:Delphis命令行編譯器(dcc32.exe)允許你從DOS命令行方式(參照：IDE命令行選項)實現(xiàn)IDE編譯器(delph

9、i32.exe)的所有功能。用DOS命令運行命令行編譯器語法如下：dcc32 options filename optionsdcc32 選項 文件名 選項where options are zero or more parameters that provide information to the compiler and filename is the name of the source file to compile. If you type dcc32 alone, it displays a help screen of command-line options and synt

10、ax.零或多個參數(shù)給編譯器提供信息，文件名指定需要編譯的源文件名。如果你單獨輸入dcc32，它會顯示一個關(guān)于命令行編譯的選項和語法的屏幕。If filename does not have an extension, the command-line compiler assumes .dpr, then .pas, if no .dpr is found. If the file youre compiling to doesnt have an extension, you must append a period (.) to the end of the filename.如果文件名沒

11、有擴展名，命令行編譯器會查找擴展名為.dpr的同名文件，如果找不到，則查找擴展名為.pas的同名文件。如果你的源文件確實沒有擴展名，你需要在文件名的末尾添加(.)。If the source text contained in filename is a program, the compiler creates an executable file named filename.EXE. If filename contains a library, the compiler creates a file named filename.DLL. If filename contains a

12、package, the compiler creates a file named filename.BPL. If filename contains a unit, the compiler creates a unit file named filename.dcu.如果指定的源文件是一個工程文件，編譯器會創(chuàng)建一個擴展名為.EXE的同名可執(zhí)行文件。如果指定的源文件是一個庫文件，編譯器創(chuàng)建一個擴展名為.DLL的同名動態(tài)鏈接庫文件。如果指定的源文件是一個包文件，編譯器會創(chuàng)建一個擴展名為.BPL的同名包。如果指定的源文件是一個單元文件，編譯器會創(chuàng)建一個擴展名為.dcu的目標(biāo)代碼文件。You

13、can specify a number of options for the command-line compiler. An option consists of a slash (/) orimmediately followed by an option letter. In some cases, the option letter is followed by additional information, such as a number, a symbol, or a directory name. Options can be given in any order and

14、can come before or after the file name.你可以為命令行編譯器指定多個參數(shù)。一個參數(shù)包含一個破折號“-”(或“/”)和緊跟著的一個選項字符構(gòu)成。通常情況下，選項字符后面會跟一些附加的信息，如一個數(shù)字、一個符號、一個目錄等。選項可以是任意順序并且可以在源文件名前面或后面。2 Command-line compiler options命令行編譯選項The IDE lets you set various options through the menus; the command-line compiler gives you access to these o

15、ptions using the slash (/) delimiter. You can also precede options with a hyphen (-) instead of a slash (/), but those options that start with a hyphen must be separated by blanks. For example, the following two command lines are equivalent and legal:IDE允許你使用菜單來設(shè)置各種編譯選項，而命令行編譯器允許你使用字符“/”作為分隔符來設(shè)定這些編譯

16、選項。你也可以使用連字符“-”來代替“/”，但是用“-”引出的參數(shù)之間必須用空格隔開。例如，下面兩個命令都是等同的也是合法的：DCC -IC:DELPHI -DDEBUG SORTNAME -$R- -$U+DCC /IC:DELPHI/DDEBUG SORTNAME /$R-/$U+The first command line uses hyphens with at least one blank separating options. The second uses slashes and no separation is needed.第一個編譯命令用“-”引出參數(shù)，且參數(shù)之間有多個空

17、格分隔。第二個編譯命令用“/”引出參數(shù)，參數(shù)之間不必要分隔。The following table lists the command-line options. In addition to the listed options, all single-letter compiler directives can be specified on the command line, as described in Compiler directive options.下列表中列出所有的命令行參數(shù)。在附加的選項列表中，所有的單字符編譯器指令都可以在命令行編譯中使用，詳情請參照：編譯器指令。Opt

18、ionDescription選項描述Aunit=alias 設(shè)置單元別名B 編譯所有單元CC編譯控制臺程序CG編譯圖形界面程序Ddefines編譯條件符號定義Epath 可執(zhí)行文件輸出路徑Foffset 查找運行期間錯誤GD生成完整.Map文件GP生成.Map文件Public段GS生成.Map文件Segment段H 輸出提示信息Ipaths文件包含路徑J 生成.Obj目標(biāo)文件JP生成C+類型.Obj目標(biāo)文件KaddressSet image base addressLEpath包.BPL文件輸出路徑LNpath.dcp文件輸出路徑LUpackage 使用運行期間包列表M 編譯有改動的源文件Np

19、ath dcu/dpu文件輸出目錄Opaths.Obj文件(匯編目標(biāo)代碼文件)路徑P 按8.3格式文件名查找Q 安靜模式Rpaths資源文件(.RES)路徑TXext 目標(biāo)文件擴展名Upaths單元文件路徑V 為Turbo Debugger生成調(diào)試信息文件VN以.Giant格式生成包含命名空間的調(diào)試信息文件(將用于C+Builder)VR生成調(diào)試信息文件.rsmW 輸出警告信息Z Disable implicit compilation$directiveCompiler directives-Help顯示編譯選項的幫助。同樣的，如果你在命令行單獨輸入dcc32，也會顯示編譯選項的幫助。-ve

20、rsion 顯示產(chǎn)品名稱和版本3 Compiler directive options編譯器指令選項Delphi supports the compiler directives described in Compiler directives. The $ and D command-line options allow you to change the default states of most compiler directives. Using $ and D on the command line is equivalent to inserting the correspond

21、ing compiler directive at the beginning of each source file compiled.Delphi支持用編譯器指令關(guān)鍵字描述的編譯器指令。使用“$”和“D”命令行選項可以改變所有的默認(rèn)編譯器狀態(tài)。用“$”和“D”命令行選項等同于在源文件的前面添加編譯器指令。Switch directive option編譯器指令選項開關(guān)The $ option lets you change the default state of all of the switch directives. The syntax of a switch directive

22、option is $ followed by the directive letter, followed by a plus (+) or a minus (-). For example:“$”允許你改變每一種編譯器指令默認(rèn)狀態(tài)。編譯器指令的語法是“$”后緊跟一個指令字符，再跟一個“-”或“+”。例如：dcc32 MYSTUFF -$R-compiles MYSTUFF.pas with range-checking turned off, while:不使用邊界檢查編譯MYSTUFF.pas單元：dcc32 MYSTUFF -$R+compiles it with range chec

23、king turned on. Note that if a $R+ or $R- compiler directive appears in the source text, it overrides the -$R command-line option.使用界面檢查編譯MYSTUFF.pas單元。如果將編譯器指令$R+或$R-添加到源文件的開始，它將覆蓋從命令行傳入的參數(shù)。You can repeat the -$ option in order to specify multiple compiler directives:你可以用多個“$”來指定多個編譯器指令，如：dcc32 MYS

24、TUFF -$R-$I-$V-$U+Alternately, the command-line compiler lets you write a list of directives (except for $M), separated by commas:命令行編譯器允許作用逗號分隔的編譯器指定列表，如：dcc32 MYSTUFF -$R-,I-,V-,U+只需要用一個“$”符號。Only one dollar sign ($) is needed.注意，因為$M的格式不一樣，你不能在逗號分隔的指令列表中使用$MNote that, because of its format, you c

25、annot use the $M directive in a list of directives separated by commas.Conditional defines option條件編譯選項The -D option lets you define conditional symbols, corresponding to the $DEFINE symbol compiler directive. The -D option must be followed by one or more conditional symbols separated by semicolons

26、(;). For example, the following command line:“-D”選項允許你定義一個編譯條件，符合你用$DEFINE symbol定義的編譯器指令。“-D”選項后必須跟隨一或多個用分號分隔的編譯條件符號，如下命令：dcc32 MYSTUFF -DIOCHECK;DEBUG;LISTdefines three conditional symbols, iocheck, debug, and list, for the compilation of MYSTUFF.pas. This is equivalent to inserting:定義了三個編譯條件符號：IO

27、CHECK,DEBUG,LIST,用于MYSTUFF.pas單元中。這等同于在源文件中插入以下語句：$DEFINE IOCHECK$DEFINE DEBUG$DEFINE LISTat the beginning of MYSTUFF.pas. If you specify multiple -D directives, you can concatenate the symbol lists. Therefore:如果你指定了多個“-D”選項，你可以聯(lián)接它們，如下：dcc32 MYSTUFF -DIOCHECK-DDEBUG-DLISTis equivalent to the first e

28、xample.等同于第一個例子。4 Compiler mode options編譯模式選項A few options affect how the compiler itself functions. As with the other options, you can use these with either the hyphen or the slash format. Remember to separate the options with at least one blank.有幾個選項能影響編譯器自身的功能。像其它選項一個，你可以使用“/”或“-”的格式。別忘了用至少一個空格分隔

29、這些選項。Make (-M) option選項(-M)The command-line compiler has built-in MAKE logic to aid in project maintenance. The -M option instructs command-line compiler to check all units upon which the file being compiled depends. Using this option results in a much quicker compile time.命令行編譯器使用構(gòu)造邏輯的方式來維護工程?！?M”選

30、項指示編譯器檢查所有與編譯文件相關(guān)聯(lián)的文件。用這個參數(shù)會導(dǎo)致編譯時間增大。 A unit is recompiled under the following conditions:一個源文件在下列情況下會重新編譯：The source file for that unit has been modified since the unit file was created.源文件被創(chuàng)建以來被修改過；用“$I”指令包含的任何文件，用“$L”包含的任何.Obj文件，或用“$R”關(guān)聯(lián)的任何資源文件.Res,比源文件中的要新；Any file included with the $I directive

31、, any .OBJ file linked in by the $L directive, or any .res file referenced by the $R directive, is newer than the unit file.The interface section of a unit referenced in a uses statement has changed.單元接口部分interface的uses段有改動。Units compiled with the -Z option are excluded from the make logic.在單元編譯時指令“

32、-Z”在構(gòu)造邏輯期不被接受。If you were applying this option to the previous example, the command would be:如果你在上一個例子中使用這個指令，編譯命令就應(yīng)該是：dcc32 MYSTUFF -MBuild all (-B) option編譯所有 選項(-B)Instead of relying on the -M option to determine what needs to be updated, you can tell command-line compiler to update all units upo

33、n which your program depends using the -B option. You cant use -M and -B at the same time. The -B option is slower than the -M option and is usually unnecessary.用于取代要知道哪些單元需要更新-M的選項，你可以使用-B選項來更新所有你的程序中關(guān)聯(lián)的單元。你不能在程序中同時使用-M和-B。選項-B比-M速度更慢，而且它并不是必需的。If you were using this option in the previous example,

34、 the command would be如果你在前一個例子中使用這個參數(shù)，編譯命令就應(yīng)該是：dcc32 MYSTUFF -BFind error (-F) option查找錯誤 選項(-F)When a program terminates due to a runtime error, it displays an error code and the address at which the error occurred. By specifying that address in a -Faddress option, you can locate the statement in t

35、he source text that caused the error, provided your program and units were compiled with debug information enabled (via the $D compiler directive).當(dāng)一個程序由于運行期間錯誤而終止時，它會顯示一個錯誤號和錯誤地址在錯誤發(fā)生時。用-Faddress選項來指定錯誤地址，你在源文件中能找到引發(fā)錯誤的位置，如果你的程序和單元編譯時附加了調(diào)試信息(使用$D編譯器指令)。In order for the command-line compiler to find

36、 the runtime error with -F, you must compile the program with all the same command-line parameters you used the first time you compiled it.為了命令行編譯器能用-F選項查找運行期間錯誤，你必須傳遞與第一次編譯時相同的指令列表。As mentioned previously, you must compile your program and units with debug information enabled for the command-line c

37、ompiler to be able to find runtime errors. By default, all programs and units are compiled with debug information enabled, but if you turn it off, using a $D- compiler directive or a -$D- option, the command-line compiler will not be able to locate runtime errors.先前提到過，你的程序和單元必須啟用調(diào)試信息，命令行編譯器才能查找運行期間

38、錯誤。默認(rèn)情況下，所有的程序和單都是啟用調(diào)試信息的，除非你用-D或-$D-指令關(guān)閉它，這樣，命令行編譯器就不能查找運行期間錯誤了。Use packages (-LU) option使用包(-LU)選項Use the -LU option to list additional runtime packages that you want to use in the application being compiled. Runtime packages already listed in the Project Options dialog box need not be repeated on

39、 the command line.使用-LU選項來在編譯時添加你應(yīng)用程序中要用到的運行期間包。運行期間包已經(jīng)在“工程選項”對話框中列舉的，不必再在命令行中添加。Disable implicit compilation (-Z) option(此選項在delphi6.0/7.0中有不同描述，在此不作翻譯)The -Z option prevents packages and units from being implicitly recompiled later. With packages, it is equivalent to placing $ IMPLICITBUILD OFF in

40、 the .dpk file. Use -Z when compiling packages that provide low-level functionality, that change infrequently between builds, or whose source code will not be distributed.Target file extension (-TX) option目標(biāo)文件擴展名(-TX)選項The -TX option lets you override the default extension for the output file. For e

41、xample,選項-TX允許你改寫默認(rèn)的輸出文件擴展名。例如：dcc32 MYSTUFF -TXSYS generates compiled output in a file called MYSTUFF.SYS.生成的將是一個叫做MYSTUFF.SYS的文件。Quiet (-Q) option安靜模式(-Q)選項The quiet mode option suppresses the printing of file names and line numbers during compilation. When the command-line compiler is invoked wit

42、h the quiet mode option安靜模式選項禁止在編譯時顯示文件名及代碼行數(shù)，如果命令行編譯器調(diào)用這個選項的話。dcc32 MYSTUFF -Qits output is limited to the startup copyright message and the usual statistics at the end of compilation. If any errors occur, they will be reported.它的輸出僅限于起始時行版權(quán)信息以及結(jié)尾的統(tǒng)計信息。當(dāng)然，如果發(fā)生錯誤，它也會輸出。5 DCC32.CFG fileDCC32.CFG配置文件Y

43、ou can set up a list of options in a configuration file called DCC32.CFG, which will then be used in addition to the options entered on the command line. Each line in configuration file corresponds to an extra command-line argument inserted before the actual command-line arguments. Thus, by creating

44、 a configuration file, you can change the default setting of any command-line option.你可以設(shè)置一個編譯選項列表到一個叫做DCC32.CFG的配置文件中，它將用于編譯時附加到命令行參數(shù)后。配置文件的每一行都相當(dāng)于一個額外的命令行參數(shù)插入到實際的命令行參數(shù)前(注意，是實際參數(shù)前)。因而，你可以使用這個配置文件改變一些命令行參數(shù)的默認(rèn)設(shè)置。The command-line compiler lets you enter the same command-line option several times, igno

45、ring all but the last occurrence. This way, even though youve changed some settings with a configuration file, you can still override them on the command line.命令行編譯器允許你輸入相同的命令行參數(shù)，它將忽略所有除最后一個之外。這個的話，盡管通過配置文件你可以改變一些設(shè)置，你仍然可以覆蓋它使用命令行參數(shù)。When dcc32 starts, it looks for DCC32.CFG in the current directory.

46、If the file isnt found there, dcc32 looks in the directory where DCC32.EXE resides.當(dāng)dcc32啟動時，它查找DCC32.CFG文件在當(dāng)前目錄。如果文件沒有找到，dcc32會查找它所在的目錄。Heres an example DCC32.CFG file, defining some default directories for include, object, and unit files, and changing the default states of the $O and $R compiler d

47、irectives:以下是一個DCC32.CFG配置文件的例子，定義了關(guān)于文件包含、OBJ文件包含、單元文件搜索路徑信息，并改變了編譯器指令$O和$R的默認(rèn)值。-IC:DELPHIINC;C:DELPHISRC-OC:DELPHIASM-UC:DELPHIUNITS-$R+-$O-Now, if you type:現(xiàn)在，如果你輸入：dcc32 MYSTUFF the compiler performs as if you had typed the following:編譯器把它當(dāng)作你輸入如下命令：dcc32 -IC:DELPHIINC;C:DELPHISRC -OC:DELPHIASM -U

48、C:DELPHIUNITS -$R+ -$O- MYSTUFF6 Debug options調(diào)試選項The compiler has two sets of command-line options that enable you to generate external debugging information: the map file options and the debug info options.編譯器有兩個命令行參數(shù)可以生成外部調(diào)試信息:MAP文件選項和調(diào)試信息選項。Map file (-G) optionsMap文件(-G)選項The -G option instructs

49、 the command-line compiler to generate a .map file that shows the layout of the executable file. Unlike the binary format of executable and .dcu files, a .map file is a legible text file that can be output on a printer or loaded into the editor. The -G option must be followed by the letter S, P, or

50、D to indicate the desired level of information in the .map file. A .MAP file is divided into three sections:選項-G指示命令行編譯器生成一個.map文件來查看一個可執(zhí)行文件的布局。不同于可二進制的可執(zhí)行文件和.dcu文件，.map文件是一個可讀的文本文件，可以被打印或是其它文本編輯器編輯。選項-G后必須跟字符S、P或D，去決定你想要在.map文件列出的信息。一個.MAP文件被分成三個節(jié)：SegmentPublicsLine Numbers-GS outputs only the Segm

51、ent section, -GP outputs the Segment and Publics section, and -GD outputs all three sections. -GD also generates a .DRC file that contains tables of all string constants declared using the resourcestring keyword.-GS選項只輸出Segment Section,-GS選項輸出Segment和Publics,-GD輸出所有的三個Sections.-GD選項也生成一個擴展名為.DRC的文件包

52、含所有的用resourcestring關(guān)鍵字聲明的字符串常量。For modules (program and units) compiled in the $D+,L+ state (the default), the Publics section shows all global variables, procedures, and functions, and the Line Numbers section shows line numbers for all procedures and functions in the module. In the $D+,L- state, o

53、nly symbols defined in a units interface part are listed in the Publics section. For modules compiled in the $D- state, there are no entries in the Line Numbers section.用默認(rèn)的編譯選項$D+,L+編譯模塊(程序或單元)，Publics Section列舉所有的全局變量、過程和函數(shù)，Line Numbers Section列舉模塊中所有的過程和函數(shù)的行號。如果用$D+,L-編譯選項編譯模塊，Publics Section中僅列舉

54、在單元的interface部分定義的符號。如果用$D-選項編譯模塊，在Line Numbers Section沒有任何入口。Debug info (-V) options調(diào)度選項(-V)The -V options (-V, -VN. and -VR), which cause the compiler to generate debug information, can be combined on the command line.選項-V、-VN、-VR會指示編譯器生成調(diào)試信息，它們能在命令行中組合使用。Generate Turbo Debugger debug info (-V) op

55、tion生成Turbo Debugger使用的調(diào)試信息的選項(-V)When you specify the -V option on the command line, the compiler appends Turbo Debugger 5.0-compatible external debug information at the end of the executable file. Turbo Debugger includes both source- and machine-level debugging and powerful breakpoints.當(dāng)你在命令行中使用-V

56、選項時，編譯器會在可執(zhí)行文件的末尾附加與Turbo Debugger5.0一致的外部調(diào)試信息。Turbo Debugger包含代碼和硬件級別的強大的斷點。 Even though the debug information generated by -V makes the resulting executable file larger, it does not affect the actual code in the executable, and does not require additional memory to run the program.雖然附加調(diào)試信息到查執(zhí)行文件中會

57、使可執(zhí)行文件增大，但是它并不影響實際可執(zhí)行文件中的可執(zhí)行代碼，也不需要額外的內(nèi)存來啟動程序。The extent of debug information appended to the executable file depends on the setting of the $D and $L compiler directives in each of the modules (program and units) that make up the application. For modules compiled in the $D+,L+ state, which is the de

58、fault, all constant, variable, type, procedure, and function symbols are known to the debugger. In the $D+,L- state, only symbols defined in a units interface section are known to the debugger. In the $D- state, no line-number records are generated, so the debugger cannot display source lines when y

59、ou debug the application.附加到可執(zhí)行文件上的調(diào)試信息的大小取決于編譯這個應(yīng)用程序要用到的第一個單元中的$D和$L編譯器指令。使用編譯器默認(rèn)的選項$D+，$L+來編譯模塊，所有的常量、變量、類型、過程和函數(shù)的符號都會傳遞給調(diào)試器。使用選項$D+，L-編譯，僅有在單元interface部分列出的符號才會傳遞給調(diào)試器。使用選項$D-編譯，調(diào)試信息中沒有生成行號信息，所以，調(diào)試程序時調(diào)試器不能顯示源代碼中的行。The IDE internal debugger does not use Turbo Debugger debug information. Because gen

60、erating Turbo Debugger debug information almost doubles compile/link time, you should turn off Turbo Debugger debug information generation except when youre debugging the application in Turbo Debugger.IDE內(nèi)置的調(diào)試器不使用Turbo Debugger調(diào)試信息。因為生成Turbo Debugger調(diào)試信息幾乎會成倍的增加編譯或鏈接的時間，你可以關(guān)閉生成Turbo Debugger調(diào)試信息，除非你