初中英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)題

1、初中英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)題清華大學(xué)英語(yǔ)系測(cè)試：為中學(xué)英語(yǔ)量身定做.官方網(wǎng)站：HYPERLINK http:/ 清華大學(xué)英語(yǔ)教授50年研究成果1The boy is happy because he _(sell) out all the newspapers.2The plan _(give) up because of rain.3If it _(not rain) tomorrow, we _(go )fishing.4Where _you_(be) these days?5Where is Tom? He _(go) to the post office. He said he _(c

2、ome) back soon.6Mike says he _(want )to be a worker after he _ (finish )school.7The last bus _just _(leave) when they _(get) to the bus stop.8She _(not go) to bed until she _(finish) her work.9Light _(travel )much faster than sound.10I _(feel) much better after I _(take) the medicine.11”Where _we_(m

3、eet)?” “Lets meet outside the park gate.”12I_(be) afraid Mr Johnson _(not visit) out school tomorrow.13I _(lost) my bike ._you _(see) it anywhere?14_this kind of car _(produce) in Shanghai?15We _(see) several members of the family since we _(arrive)16I found that the students _(play) football on the

4、 playground.17The shop _(close) at this time of day.18Where _your watch _(lose)?19_the doctor _(send) for last night?20Three children _(take) good care by the nurse.21Some children _(take ) good care by the nurse.22Some new houses _(build) by the villagers themselves.23What language _(speak) in Aust

5、ralia?24The colour TV _(buy) in that shop three days ago.25He said he _(stay) here for another two days.26The doctor said Jim must _(operate ) on at once.27“_the bridge _(repair) yet?”“Yes, the workers_ already_(repair) it.”28We are in Grade One this year, so we _(teach ) physics next year.29“Where

6、_(be) you last night?”“I_(ask) to help Tom at home”30The big tree _(blow)down in the storm last night.31I_ never _(eat) such delicious noodles before.32When we reached the town, it _(get) dark.33We _(have) lunch when suddenly someone knocked at the door.34Lucy said she _(visit) the school the next m

7、onth.35I _(wait) until he comes back.36You _(watch) TV after supper, arent you?37They _(be) to that small village several times.39Can you tell me if it _(snow) tomorrow?40Could you tell me if you _(read) the story book?41He said the lights in the room _(go) out when he opened the door.42I _(be) fift

8、een soon.43Tom, your aunt _(come) this afternoon .44My teacher often _(tell) us not to play on the street.45They_(plant) trees on the hill. Do you see?46The teacher said that the earth _(move) round the sun.47She said she _(put) on a new coat the next day.48The Great Wall _(know) all over the world.

9、49Could you tell me where Alice _ (live)?50_the film _(show) many times since last Sunday.51_the street lights usually _(turn) on at seven in summer evening?52I _(not go) to the cinema because I _(see) the film before.53It _(get) dark. What about _(go) home at once?54You _(be) late if you _(not hurr

10、y).55Use your head and you _(find) a better way.56Look！Someone _(lie) on the floor.57It _(rain) harder now. It _(rain) quite often in summer.58Here _(come) the bus.59I dont know when the manager _(return), but when be _(come) back I _(let) you know.60“Where _(be) you this time yesterday?”“I_(be) at

11、home. I _(go) over my lessons then.”KEY:1has sold 2will be given up/ has been given up3doesnt rain, will go 4have, been5has gone, would come6wants, finishes 7had, left, got 8wont go,finishes9travels 10felt, had taken 11shall/will, meet 12am, wont visit13have lost, Have seen 14is, produced 15Have see

12、n, arrived 16were playing17is closed18was, lost/ has, been lost 19was, been sent 20wastaken 21are taken 22have been built 23is spoken24was bought25would stay 26be operated 27has, beenrepaired, have repaired28will be taught 29were ,was, 30was blewn 31have,eaten32got/ had got 33were having 34would vis

13、it 35willwait36are watching 37have been 38snows 39had studied40have read41had been gone 42will be/ am 43will come 44tells45are planting 46moves 47would put 48is known49lives50has, been showed 51are, turned 52wont go, have seen53gets, going 54will be, dont hurry 55will find56is lying57is raining/ rai

14、ns, rains 58comes 59will return,comes, will let 60were, was, was going清華大學(xué)英語(yǔ)系測(cè)試：為中小學(xué)生英語(yǔ)量身定做.官方網(wǎng)站：HYPERLINK http:/ 清華大學(xué)英語(yǔ)教授50年研究成果初一英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)【知識(shí)梳理】 I. 重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)1. Sit down2. on duty 3. in English 4. have a seat 5. at home 6. look like7. look at8. have a look9. come on10. at work11. at school12. put on13. lo

15、ok after14. get up15. go shoppingII. 重要句型1. help sb. do sth.2. What about?3. Lets do sth.4. Its time to do sth.5. Its time for 6. Whats? It is/ Its7. Where is? Its.8. How old are you? Im.9. What class are you in? Im in.10. Welcome to.11. Whats plus? Its.12. I think13. Whos this? This is.14. What can

16、 you see？ I can see.15. There is (are) .16. What colour is it (are they)? Its (Theyre)17. Whose is this? Its.18. What time is it? Its.III. 交際用語(yǔ)1. Good morning, Miss/Mr.2. Hello! Hi!3. Nice to meet you. Nice to meet you, too.4. How are you? Im fine, thank you/thanks. And you?5. See you. See you later

17、.6. Thank you! Youre welcome.7. Goodbye! Bye!8. Whats your name? My name is .9. Here you are. This way, please.10. Whos on duty today?11. Lets do.12. Let me see.IV. 重要語(yǔ)法1. 動(dòng)詞be的用法；2. 人稱代詞和物主代詞的用法；3. 名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)和所有格的用法；4. 冠詞的基本用法；5. There be句型的用法?！久麕熤v解】1. in/on 在表示空間位置時(shí)，in表示在某個(gè)空間的范圍以內(nèi)，on表示在某一個(gè)物體的表面之上。例如：

18、There is a bird in the tree. 樹上有只鳥。 There is a picture on the wall. 墻上有張圖。2. this/that/these/those (1)this常常用來(lái)指在時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)上更接近講話人的人和事，these是this的復(fù)數(shù)形式。that常常用來(lái)指在時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)上離講話人更遠(yuǎn)一點(diǎn)的人和事，those時(shí)that的復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如： You look in this box and Ill look in that one over there.你看看這個(gè)盒子，我去看那邊的那個(gè)盒子。 I want this car, not that car

19、. 我想要這輛小汽車，不是那一輛。 Take these books to his room, please. 請(qǐng)把這些書拿到他房間去。 This is mine; thats yours. 這個(gè)是我的，那個(gè)是你的。 These are apples; those are oranges. 這些是蘋果，那些是橘子。 (2)在打電話的用語(yǔ)中，this常常指的是我，that常常指的是對(duì)方。例如： This is Mary speaking. Whos that? 我是瑪麗。你是誰(shuí)？3. There be/ haveThere be 有，其確切含意為某處或某時(shí)存在某人或某物。其結(jié)構(gòu)是：There b

20、e + 某人或某物 + 表示地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)。There be 后面的名詞實(shí)際上是主語(yǔ)，be 動(dòng)詞的形式要和主語(yǔ)在數(shù)上保持一致，be動(dòng)詞后面的名詞是單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)用is，名詞是復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)用are。例如：(1) There is a big bottle of coke on the table. 桌上有一大瓶子可樂。(2) There is a doll in the box. 那個(gè)盒子里有個(gè)娃娃。(3) There are many apples on the tree. 那樹上有許多蘋果?？傊?，There be結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是一種客觀存在的有。have表示擁有，占有，具有，即：某人有某物(sb

21、. have / has sth.)。主語(yǔ)一般是名詞或代詞，與主語(yǔ)是所屬關(guān)系。例如：(4) I have two brothers and one sister.我有兩個(gè)兄弟，一個(gè)姐姐。(5) That house has four rooms.那所房子有四個(gè)房間。4. look/ see/ watch (1)look 表示“看、瞧”，著重指認(rèn)真看，強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作，表示有意識(shí)地注意看，但不一定看到，以提醒對(duì)方注意。，如：Look! The children are playing computer games. 瞧！孩子們?cè)谕骐娔X游戲。Look! Whats that over there? 看

22、！那邊那個(gè)是什么？單獨(dú)使用是不及物動(dòng)詞，如強(qiáng)調(diào)看某人/物，其后接介詞at，才能帶賓語(yǔ)，如：Hes looking at me。他正在看著我。(2)see強(qiáng)調(diào)“看”的結(jié)果，著重的是look這個(gè)動(dòng)作的結(jié)果，意思是“看到”，see是及物動(dòng)詞，后面能直接跟賓語(yǔ)。如：What can you see in the picture? 你能在圖上看到什么？Look at the blackboard. What did you see on it?看黑板！你看到了什么？(3)watch“觀看，注視”，側(cè)重于場(chǎng)面，表示全神貫注地觀看、觀察或注視某事務(wù)的活動(dòng)，強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)程，常用于“看電視、看足球、看演出”等。如：Y

23、esterday we watched a football match on TV.昨天我們從電視上看了一場(chǎng)足球比賽。4. put on/ / in put on意為“穿上，戴上”。主要指“穿上”這一動(dòng)作, 后面接表示服裝、鞋帽的名詞。in 是介詞，表示“穿著”強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)。在句中可以做定語(yǔ)、標(biāo)語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。如：Its cold outside, put on your coat. 外面冷，穿上你的外衣。He puts on his hat and goes out. 他戴上帽子，走了出去。The woman in a white blouse is Johns mother.穿白色襯衣的那個(gè)婦女是

24、John的媽媽。5. house/ home/familyhouse ：“房子”，指居住的建筑物; Home: “家”，指一個(gè)人同家人共同經(jīng)常居住的地方; Family: “家庭“，“家庭成員”。例如：Please come to my house this afternoon. 今天下午請(qǐng)到我家來(lái)。He is not at home. 他不在家。My family all get up early. 我們?nèi)叶计鸬煤茉纭?. fine, nice, good, well四者都可用作形容詞表示好之意，但前三者既可作表語(yǔ)又可作定語(yǔ)，而后者僅用作表語(yǔ)。主要區(qū)別在于： (1) fine指物時(shí)表示的是

25、質(zhì)量上的精細(xì)，形容人時(shí)表示的是身體健康，也 可以用來(lái)指天氣晴朗。例如：Your parents are very fine. 你父母身體很健康。Thats a fine machine. 那是一臺(tái)很好的機(jī)器。Its a fine day for a walk today. 今天是散步的好時(shí)候。(2)nice主要側(cè)重于人或物的外表，有美好，漂亮的意思，也可用于問(wèn)候或贊揚(yáng)別人。例如：Lucy looks nice. 露西看上去很漂亮。These coats are very nice. 那些裙子很好看。Nice to meet you. 見到你很高興。Its very nice of you. 你

26、真好。(3)good形容人時(shí)指品德好，形容物時(shí)指質(zhì)量好，是表示人或物各方面都好的普通用語(yǔ)。例如：Her son is a good student. 她兒子是一個(gè)好學(xué)生。The red car is very good. 那輛紅色小汽車很好。(4)well只可用來(lái)形容人的身體好，但不能作定語(yǔ)，它也能用作副詞作狀語(yǔ)，多放在所修飾的動(dòng)詞之后。例如：Im very well, thanks. 我身體很好，謝謝。My friends sing well. 我的朋友們歌唱得好?！究键c(diǎn)掃描】中考考點(diǎn)在本單元主要集中在：1. 動(dòng)詞be的用法；2. 人稱代詞和物主代詞的用法；3. 名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)和所有格的用法；

27、4. 冠詞的基本用法；5. There be句型的用法。6. 本單元學(xué)過(guò)的詞匯、短語(yǔ)和句型；7. 本單元學(xué)過(guò)的日常交際用語(yǔ)?？荚囆问娇梢允菃雾?xiàng)填空、完型填空、短文填空、完成句子?！局锌挤独?. (2004年北京市中考試題) Mary, please show _ your picture. A. my B. mine C. I D. me【解析】答案：D。該題考查的是人稱代詞和物主代詞的用法。本題中動(dòng)詞show后面跟雙賓語(yǔ)，空白處應(yīng)填入人稱代詞的賓格me作賓語(yǔ)。2. (2004年上海市徐匯區(qū)中考試題) _ orange on the desk is for you, Mike. A. A B

28、.An C. / D. The【解析】答案：D。該題考查的是冠詞的基本用法。因?yàn)槭翘刂刚n桌上的那個(gè)橘子，所以用定冠詞the。3. (2004年哈爾濱市中考試題) -What _ the number of the girls in your class? -About twenty. A. is B. am C. are D. be【解析】答案：A。該題考查的是動(dòng)詞be的用法和主謂一致。the number作主語(yǔ)，應(yīng)該是單數(shù)第三人稱，動(dòng)詞be變?yōu)閕s。4. (2004年陜西省中考試題) There _ a football match on TV this evening. A. will h

29、ave B. is going to be C. has D. is going to have【解析】答案：B。該題考查的是There be句型和動(dòng)詞have用法區(qū)別。There be句型本身就表示“在某個(gè)地方存在某個(gè)人或物”，不能和動(dòng)詞have混在一起用。清華大學(xué)英語(yǔ)系測(cè)試：為中小學(xué)生英語(yǔ)量身定做.官方網(wǎng)站：HYPERLINK http:/ 清華大學(xué)英語(yǔ)教授50年研究成果哈佛大學(xué)英語(yǔ)系研究，美國(guó)布什推薦。專為中小學(xué)生英語(yǔ)量身定做。官方網(wǎng)站：http:/ 哈佛大學(xué)英語(yǔ)教授研究組提供初中there be 句型用法及配套練習(xí)一：there be 句型基本認(rèn)識(shí)定義：There be句型表示某處存在

30、某物或某人。2、結(jié)構(gòu)：(1) There is +單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞+ 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ). (2) There are +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ).注意事項(xiàng)： there是引導(dǎo)詞，在句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，翻譯時(shí)也不必譯出。句子的主語(yǔ)是某人或某物，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞be要與主語(yǔ)（某人或某物）的數(shù)保持一致。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與跟它最近的那個(gè)名詞一致。如： There is a bird in the tree. 樹上有一只鳥。 There is a teacher and many students in our classroom. 我們教室里有一位老師和許多學(xué)生。 There are tw

31、o boys and a girl under the tree. 樹下有兩個(gè)男孩，一個(gè)女孩。二： there be 句型的?？键c(diǎn)考點(diǎn)一：各種句型轉(zhuǎn)化。1：變成否定There be句型的否定式的構(gòu)成和含有be動(dòng)詞的其它句型一樣，在be后加上not或no即可。注意not和no的不同：not是副詞，no為形容詞，not a/an/any + n. 相當(dāng)于no+ n.。例如： There are some pictures on the wall. There arent any pictures on the wall. =There are no pictures on the wall. Th

32、ere is a bike behind the tree. There isnt a bike behind the tree. =There is no bike behind the tree.2：變成一般疑問(wèn)句There be句型的一般疑問(wèn)句變化是把be動(dòng)詞調(diào)整到句首，再在句尾加上問(wèn)號(hào)即可。但同時(shí)要注意：當(dāng)肯定句中有some時(shí)，要將其改為any（否定變化也一樣）。There is some water on Mars. Is there any water on Mars? There are some fish in the water. Are there any fish in

33、the water? 3：特殊疑問(wèn)句對(duì)主語(yǔ)提問(wèn)：當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是人的時(shí)候，則用who 引導(dǎo)，當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是物的時(shí)候，則用what 引導(dǎo)。注意：無(wú)論原句的主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，對(duì)之提問(wèn)時(shí)一般都用be的單數(shù)形式(回答時(shí)卻要根據(jù)實(shí)際情況來(lái)決定)。如： There are many things over there. Whats over there? There is a little girl in the room.Who is in the room? 對(duì)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)提問(wèn)：則用where 引導(dǎo)。如：There is a computer on the desk. Where is the computer? T

34、here are four children on the playground. Where are the four children? 對(duì)數(shù)量提問(wèn)：般有兩種句型結(jié)構(gòu)： How many+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+are there+介詞短語(yǔ)？ How much+不可數(shù)名詞+is there+介詞短語(yǔ)？考點(diǎn)二：there be 句型的時(shí)態(tài)。be可以有現(xiàn)在時(shí)（there is/are）、過(guò)去時(shí)(there was/were)、將來(lái)時(shí)(there is/are going to be或there will be)和完成時(shí)(there have/has been)；還可用there must be ,there

35、 cant be, there used to be等。 如： -There _ a concert this evening.-Yeah. Exciting news! A. are going to be B. is going to be C. is going to have D. will have考點(diǎn)三：there be 句型反意疑問(wèn)句的構(gòu)成：be (not) there? 如：There is some milk in the bottle, _ ? Aisnt there Barent there Cisnt it Dare there 考點(diǎn)四：there be 句型的主謂一致

36、：There be 結(jié)構(gòu)中的be動(dòng)詞要和后面所跟名詞保持一致,遵循就近原則。如：1.There _ any rice in the bowl. A. are B. is C. isnt D. arent 2.There _ many apples on the tree last year. A. have been B. were C. are D. is 考點(diǎn)五：there be 句型用的其他動(dòng)詞：there be 句型中有時(shí)不用動(dòng)詞be ，而用come , live ,stand , lie, seem to be , happen to be ,等。如：There _ a knife

37、and a fork on the table. (2007黃岡)A. seems to be B. seem to be C. is seeming to be D. are剖析：根據(jù)就近原則，首先排除B、D，而 there be 句型中有時(shí)不用動(dòng)詞be ，而用come , live ,stand , lie, seem to be等，所以答案應(yīng)從A、C中選。感官動(dòng)詞一般不用進(jìn)行時(shí)，故C也不正確。注意事項(xiàng)：there be 句型與have句型的區(qū)別(1) There be 句型和have都表示“有”的含義。區(qū)別如下：There be表示“某處存在某物或某人”；have表示“某人擁有某物/某人

38、”，它表示所有、擁有關(guān)系。如： He has two sons. 他有兩個(gè)兒子。There are two men in the office. 辦公室里有兩個(gè)男人。(2)當(dāng)have表示“包括”、“存在”的含義時(shí)，There be 句型與其可互換。如： A week has seven days. =There are seven days in a week. 一個(gè)星期有七天。三：課堂實(shí)地演練I. 將下列句子變成否定句和一般疑問(wèn)句。1.There is some water in the bottle.2.There are many apples in the box.II. 對(duì)句子劃線部

39、分提問(wèn)。3.There are seven days in a week. 4.There are lots of books in our library.5.There is a knife over there.6.There is a little milk in the glass. 單項(xiàng)填空。( )8.There_ not _ milk in the cup on the table .A. are, many B. are , much C. is ,many D. is ,much ( )10.How many _ are there in the room ? A. appl

40、e B. students C. milk D. paper ( )11.Do you know if _ a meeting next Sunday ? A. there was going to have B. there was going to beC. is there going to be D. there will be ( )12. Is this the last exam we have to take ? C No, but there _ another test three months later from now.A. will be going to B. i

41、s C. will be D. has been( )13.There _ great changes in such kind of computers in the last few years. A. is B. are C. will be D. have been( )14.There _ a film tomorrow evening Awill have Bhave Cis going to be Dhas( )15.There _ a football match on TV this evening. A. will have B. is going to be C. has

42、 D. is going to have( )16.There _ a school at the foot of the hill. Ahave Bstand Care Dstands( )17.Theres going to _ in tomorrows newspapers. A. have something new B. have new somethingC. be something new D. be new something( )19.How many boys _ there in Class one? A. be B. is C. are D. am( )20.Ther

43、e _ a lot of good news in todays newspaper. A. is B. are C. was D. were( )21.There _ pencil-box, two books and some flowers on the desk. A. is a B. are some C. has a D. have some( )22.There _ an apple and ten bananas in the basket. You can take any of them. A. are B. is C. has D. have( )23. _ any fl

44、owers on both sides of the street? AIs there BAre there CHas DHave( )24. There _ great changes in our country since 1982. A. have been B. were C. has been D. are( )25. There is little water in the glass, _ ? A. isnt there B. isnt it C. is it D. is there( )26. -There is no air or water on the moon. I

45、s there? - _. A. Yes, there are B. No, there isntC. Yes, there isnt D. No, there is( )27.-What did you see in the basket then ? -There _ a bottle of orange and some oranges. A. is B. are C. was D. were( )28. _ any flowers on both sides of the street ? A. Is there B. Are there C. Has D. Have( )29. _

46、is there on the table? A. How many apples B. How much bread C. How much breads D. How many food ( )30. There isnt _ paper in the box. Will you go and get some for me? A. any B. some C. a D. an( )31. How many _ are there in your classroom? A. desks B. desk C. chair D. door( )32. There _ something wro

47、ng with our classroom. A. are B. has C. is D. have( )33. There is some _ on the table. A. apple B. orange C. cake D. sandwich.漢譯英。34.房子前面有一輛小汽車。35.今晚不開會(huì)。36.我能為你做點(diǎn)什么嗎？37.山腳下有一棵大樹。38.你們班有多少學(xué)生？39.桌子上放著什么？40.你丟的那個(gè)錢包里有多少錢？參考答案1.There is not any water in the bottle. Is there any water in the bottle?2.Ther

48、e are not many apples in the box. Are there many apples in the box?II. 3.How many days are there in a week.?4.How many books are there in your library?5.Whats (there) over there.6.How much milk is there in the glass?. 711 CDBBD 12-16 CDCBD 17-21 CACAA 22-26 BBADB 27-31 CBBAA 32-33 CB. 34) There is a

49、 car in front of the house.35) There is not going to be a meeting tonight.36) Is there anything I can do for you ?37) There stands a tall tree at the foot of the mountain .38) How many students are there in your class?39) Whats on the table ?40) How much money is there in the purse you have lost ?哈佛

50、大學(xué)英語(yǔ)系研究，美國(guó)布什推薦。專為中小學(xué)生英語(yǔ)量身定做。官方網(wǎng)站：http:/ 哈佛大學(xué)英語(yǔ)教授研究組提供學(xué)英語(yǔ)簡(jiǎn)單嗎？肯定會(huì)有許多學(xué)生說(shuō)：“難死了”。為什么有好多學(xué)生對(duì)英語(yǔ)的學(xué)習(xí)都感到頭疼呢？答案只有一個(gè)：“不得法?！?英語(yǔ)與漢語(yǔ)一樣都是一種語(yǔ)言，為什么你說(shuō)漢語(yǔ)會(huì)如此流利？那是因?yàn)槟阒蒙碛谝粋€(gè)漢語(yǔ)環(huán)境中，如果你在倫敦呆上半年，保準(zhǔn)說(shuō)起英語(yǔ)來(lái)會(huì)非常流利。但很多中學(xué)生沒有很好的英語(yǔ)環(huán)境，那么你可以自己設(shè)置一個(gè)英語(yǔ)環(huán)境，堅(jiān)持“多說(shuō)”、“多聽”、“多讀”、“多寫”，那么你的英語(yǔ)成績(jī)肯定會(huì)很出色。 一、多“說(shuō)”。 自己多創(chuàng)造機(jī)會(huì)與英語(yǔ)教師多講英語(yǔ)，見了同學(xué)，尤其是和好朋友在一起時(shí)盡量用英語(yǔ)去問(wèn)候，談心

51、情這時(shí)候你需隨身攜帶一個(gè)英漢互譯小詞典，遇到生詞時(shí)查一下這些生詞，也不用刻意去記，用的多了，這個(gè)單詞自然而然就會(huì)記住。千萬(wàn)別把學(xué)英語(yǔ)當(dāng)成負(fù)擔(dān)，始終把它當(dāng)成一件有趣的事情去做。 或許你有機(jī)會(huì)碰上外國(guó)人，你應(yīng)大膽地上去跟他打招呼，和他談天氣、談風(fēng)景、談學(xué)校只是別問(wèn)及他的年紀(jì)，婚史等私人問(wèn)題。盡量用一些你學(xué)過(guò)的詞匯，句子去和他談天說(shuō)地。不久你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)與老外聊天要比你與中國(guó)人談?dòng)⒄Z(yǔ)容易的多。因?yàn)樗湍憬徽剷r(shí)會(huì)用許多簡(jiǎn)單詞匯，而且不太看重說(shuō)法，你只要發(fā)音準(zhǔn)確，準(zhǔn)能順利地交流下去。只是你必須要有信心，敢于表達(dá)自己的思想。 如果沒有合適的伙伴也沒關(guān)系，你可以拿過(guò)一本書或其它什么東西做假想對(duì)象，對(duì)它談你一天的所

52、見所聞，談你的快樂，你的悲傷等等，長(zhǎng)此堅(jiān)持下去你的口語(yǔ)肯定會(huì)有較大的提高。 二、多“聽” 尋找一切可以聽英語(yǔ)的機(jī)會(huì)。別人用英語(yǔ)交談時(shí)，你應(yīng)該大膽地去參與，多聽聽各種各樣人的發(fā)音，男女老少，節(jié)奏快的慢的你都應(yīng)該接觸到，如果這樣的機(jī)會(huì)少的話，你可以選擇你不知內(nèi)容的文章去聽，這將會(huì)對(duì)你幫助很大，而你去聽學(xué)過(guò)的課文的磁帶，那將會(huì)對(duì)你的語(yǔ)言語(yǔ)調(diào)的學(xué)習(xí)有很大的幫助。 三、多“讀”。 “讀”可以分為兩種。一種是“默讀”。每天給予一定時(shí)間的練習(xí)將會(huì)對(duì)你提高閱讀速度有很大的好處，讀的內(nèi)容可以是你的課本，但最好是一些有趣的小讀物，因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在的英語(yǔ)高考越來(lái)越重視閱讀量和閱讀速度。每道題的得分都與你的理解程度有很大關(guān)系

53、，所以經(jīng)過(guò)高中三年閱讀的訓(xùn)練后，你必定會(huì)在高考中勝券在握。 另一種是“朗讀”這是學(xué)語(yǔ)言必不可少的一種學(xué)習(xí)途徑。 四、多“寫” 有的同學(xué)總是抱怨時(shí)間緊，根本沒時(shí)間寫作文。其實(shí)“寫”的形式很多，不一定就寫作文才提高寫作能力。比如寫下你一天中發(fā)生的一些重要的事情，或當(dāng)天學(xué)了某一個(gè)詞組，你可以創(chuàng)設(shè)一個(gè)語(yǔ)境恰如其份地用上這個(gè)詞。這樣即可幫你記住這個(gè)詞的用法，又可以鍛煉你的寫作能力，比如學(xué)“wish”一詞時(shí)，可寫一小段如下： The teacher often asks us what we want to be in the future.My good friend Tom wishes to be

54、a soldier.However,Im different .I wish I were a teacher in the future.But my mother wishes me to be a doctor. 只幾句話：但wish的幾種用法已躍然紙上，這樣寫下來(lái)印象會(huì)深刻得多，這樣比死記硬背wish的用法也有趣輕松的多。 學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)不用花大塊的時(shí)間，10分鐘的散步可以練說(shuō),吃完飯后可以讀一會(huì)兒英語(yǔ)小說(shuō)，睡前聽?zhēng)追昼娪⒄Z(yǔ)，可以使你得到更好地休息只要你每天抽出一些時(shí)間來(lái)練英語(yǔ)，你的英語(yǔ)成績(jī)肯定會(huì)很快提高的。 背英語(yǔ)單詞技巧 1、循環(huán)記憶法 艾賓浩斯遺忘曲線 人的大腦是一個(gè)記憶的寶庫(kù)，人腦經(jīng)

55、歷過(guò)的事物，思考過(guò)的問(wèn)題，體驗(yàn)過(guò)的情感和情緒，練習(xí)過(guò)的動(dòng)作，都可以成為人們記憶的內(nèi)容。例如英文的學(xué)習(xí)中單詞、短語(yǔ)和句子，甚至文章的內(nèi)容都是通過(guò)記憶完成的。從記到憶是有個(gè)過(guò)程的，這其中包括了識(shí)記、保持、再認(rèn)和回憶。有很多 人在學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的過(guò)程中，只注重了學(xué)習(xí)當(dāng)時(shí)的記憶效果，孰不知，要想做好學(xué)習(xí)的記憶工作，是要下一番工夫的，單純的注重當(dāng)時(shí)的記憶效果，而忽視了后期的保持和再認(rèn)同樣是達(dá)不到良好的效果的。 在信息的處理上，記憶是對(duì)輸入信息的編碼、貯存和提取的過(guò)程，從信息處理的角度上，英文的第一次學(xué)習(xí)和背誦只是一個(gè)輸入編碼的過(guò)程。人的記憶的能力從生理上講是十分驚人的，它可以存貯1015比特(byte，字節(jié))

56、的信息，可是每個(gè)人的記憶寶庫(kù)被挖掘的只占10%，還有更多的記憶發(fā)揮空間。這是因?yàn)?，有些人只關(guān)注了記憶的當(dāng)時(shí)效果，卻忽視了記憶中的更大的問(wèn)題-即記憶的牢固度問(wèn)題，那就牽涉到心理學(xué)中常說(shuō)的關(guān)于記憶遺忘的規(guī)律。 一、艾賓浩斯記憶規(guī)律曲線解釋 德國(guó)有一位著名的心理學(xué)家名叫艾賓浩斯(Hermann Ebbinghaus，1850-1909)，他在1885年發(fā)表了他的實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告后，記憶研究就成了心理學(xué)中被研究最多的領(lǐng)域之一，而艾賓浩斯正是發(fā)現(xiàn)記憶遺忘規(guī)律的第一人。 根據(jù)我們所知道的，記憶的保持在時(shí)間上是不同的，有短時(shí)的記憶和長(zhǎng)時(shí)的記憶兩種。而我們平時(shí)的記憶的過(guò)程是這樣的： 輸入的信息在經(jīng)過(guò)人的注意過(guò)程的學(xué)習(xí)

57、后，便成為了人的短時(shí)的記憶，但是如果不經(jīng)過(guò)及時(shí)的復(fù)習(xí)，這些記住過(guò)的東西就會(huì)遺忘，而經(jīng)過(guò)了及時(shí)的復(fù)習(xí)，這些短時(shí)的記憶就會(huì)成為了人的一種長(zhǎng)時(shí)的記憶，從而在大腦中保持著很長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間。那么，對(duì)于我們來(lái)講，怎樣才叫做遺忘呢，所謂遺忘就是我們對(duì)于曾經(jīng)記憶過(guò)的東西不能再認(rèn)起來(lái)，也不能回憶起來(lái)，或者是錯(cuò)誤的再認(rèn)和錯(cuò)誤的回憶，這些都是遺忘。艾賓浩斯在做這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)的時(shí)候是拿自己作為測(cè)試對(duì)象的，他得出了一些關(guān)于記憶的結(jié)論。他選用了一些根本沒有意義的音節(jié)，也就是那些不能拼出單詞來(lái)的眾多字母的組合，比如asww，cfhhj，ijikmb，rfyjbc等等。他經(jīng)過(guò)對(duì)自己的測(cè)試，得到了一些數(shù)據(jù)。 然后，艾賓浩斯又根據(jù)了這些點(diǎn)描

58、繪出了一條曲線，這就是非常有名的揭示遺忘規(guī)律的曲線：艾賓浩斯遺忘曲線，圖中豎軸表示學(xué)習(xí)中記住的知識(shí)數(shù)量，橫軸表示時(shí)間(天數(shù))，曲線表示記憶量變化的規(guī)律。 這條曲線告訴人們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)中的遺忘是有規(guī)律的，遺忘的進(jìn)程不是均衡的，不是固定的一天丟掉幾個(gè)，轉(zhuǎn)天又丟幾個(gè)的，而是在記憶的最初階段遺忘的速度很快，后來(lái)就逐漸減慢了，到了相當(dāng)長(zhǎng)的時(shí)候后，幾乎就不再遺忘了，這就是遺忘的發(fā)展規(guī)律，即先快后慢的原則。觀察這條遺忘曲線，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn),學(xué)得的知識(shí)在一天后，如不抓緊復(fù)習(xí),就只剩下原來(lái)的25%)。隨著時(shí)間的推移,遺忘的速度減慢，遺忘的數(shù)量也就減少。有人做過(guò)一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)，兩組學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)一段課文，甲組在學(xué)習(xí)后不久進(jìn)行一次復(fù)習(xí)，乙

59、組不予復(fù)習(xí)，一天后甲組保持98%，乙組保持56%；一周后甲組保持83%，乙組保持33%。乙組的遺忘平均值比甲組高。 二、不同性質(zhì)材料有不同的遺忘曲線 而且，艾賓浩斯還在關(guān)于記憶的實(shí)驗(yàn)中發(fā)現(xiàn)，記住12個(gè)無(wú)意義音節(jié)，平均需要重復(fù)16.5次；為了記住36個(gè)無(wú)意義章節(jié)，需重復(fù)54次；而記憶六首詩(shī)中的480個(gè)音節(jié)，平均只需要重復(fù)8次！這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)告訴我們，凡是理解了的知識(shí)，就能記得迅速、全面而牢固。不然，愣是死記硬背，那也是費(fèi)力不討好的。因此，比較容易記憶的是那些有意義的材料，而那些無(wú)意義的材料在記憶的時(shí)候比較費(fèi)力氣，在以后回憶起來(lái)的時(shí)候也很不輕松。因此，艾賓浩斯遺忘曲線是關(guān)于遺忘的一種曲線，而且是對(duì)無(wú)意義

60、的音節(jié)而言，對(duì)于與其他材料的對(duì)比，艾賓浩斯又得出了不同性質(zhì)材料的不同遺忘曲線，不過(guò)他們大體上都是一致的。 因此，艾賓浩斯的實(shí)驗(yàn)向我們充分證實(shí)了一個(gè)道理，學(xué)習(xí)要勤于復(fù)習(xí)，而且記憶的理解效果越好，遺忘的也越慢。 三、不同的人有不同的艾賓浩斯記憶曲線-個(gè)性化的艾賓浩斯 上述的艾賓浩斯記憶曲線是艾賓浩斯在實(shí)驗(yàn)室中經(jīng)過(guò)了大量測(cè)試后，產(chǎn)生了不同的記憶數(shù)據(jù)，從而生成的一種曲線，是一個(gè)具有共性的群體規(guī)律。此記憶曲線并不考慮接受試驗(yàn)個(gè)人的個(gè)性特點(diǎn)，而是尋求一種處于平衡點(diǎn)的記憶規(guī)律。 但是記憶規(guī)律可以具體到我們每個(gè)人，因?yàn)槲覀兊纳硖攸c(diǎn)、生活經(jīng)歷不同，可能導(dǎo)致我們有不同的記憶習(xí)慣、記憶方式、記憶特點(diǎn)。規(guī)律對(duì)于自然