新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)課文知識(shí)點(diǎn)詳解

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔傾情為你奉上精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔傾情為你奉上專(zhuān)心專(zhuān)注專(zhuān)業(yè)專(zhuān)心專(zhuān)注專(zhuān)業(yè)精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔傾情為你奉上專(zhuān)心專(zhuān)注專(zhuān)業(yè)NEW CONCEPT ENGLISH BOOK 2practice : 訓(xùn)練, progress : 進(jìn)步If you practice more, then you can make great progress.五項(xiàng)綜合訓(xùn)練技能listening : 聽(tīng)力speaking : 說(shuō)話grammar : 語(yǔ)法 writing : 寫(xiě)作reading : 閱讀 translation : 譯 knowledge +skillsLesson 1 A private conversation

2、 【New words and expressions】（12）private adj. 私人的conversation n. 談話theatre n. 劇場(chǎng)，戲院seat n. 座位play n. 戲loudly adv. 大聲地angry adj. 生氣的angrily adv. 生氣地attention n. 注意bear v. 容忍business n. 事rudely adv. 無(wú)禮地，粗魯?shù)豴rivate adj.私人的 adj. 私人的private life 私生活private school 私立學(xué)校Its my private letter. （如果媽媽想看你的信） Its

3、 my private house. （如果陌生人想進(jìn)你的房子） adj. 普通的private citizen 普通公民Im a private citizen. （citizen n. 公民）private soldier 大兵Private Ryan（拯救大兵瑞恩）public adj. 公眾的，公開(kāi)的（private的反義詞）public school 公立學(xué)校public letter 公開(kāi)信 public place 公共場(chǎng)所privacy n.隱私Its privacy. 這是我的隱私!(不愿讓別人知道的)conversation n.談話have a + talk/chat/d

4、ialogue/conversation/gossip 名詞變動(dòng)詞conversation 一般用于正式文體中, 內(nèi)容上往往不正式subject of conversation 話題They are having a conversation.talk 內(nèi)容可正式可不正式, 也可以私人 Lets have a talk.dialogue 對(duì)話, 可以指正式國(guó)家與國(guó)家會(huì)談 China and Korea are having a dialogue.chat 閑聊，就是北京人說(shuō)的“侃”，說(shuō)的是無(wú)關(guān)緊要的事。gossip 嚼舌頭, 說(shuō)長(zhǎng)道短theatre n.劇場(chǎng), 戲劇cinema n.電影院se

5、at n.座位 have a good seat/place，這里的seat指place(指地點(diǎn))，而不是chair. take a seat/take your seat 坐下來(lái), 就坐Is the seat taken? 這個(gè)位置有人嗎?請(qǐng)坐的3種說(shuō)法 : Sit down, please. (命令性)Take your seat, please.Be seated, please. (更禮貌)作為動(dòng)詞的seat與sit的區(qū)別sit（sat，sitten） vi. 就座He is sitting there. 他坐在那兒。seat vt.讓某人就座 seat sb. 讓某人就坐，后面會(huì)加人

6、Seat yourself.You seat him.你給他找個(gè)位置. When all those present(到場(chǎng)者)_D_ he began his lecture.A. sit B. set C. seated D. were seatedsit down 坐下；be seated=take a seat 就坐angry adj. 生氣的angrily adv. 生氣的 angry =cross I was angry. /He was cross.annoyed: 惱火的; be blue in the face 臉上突然變色程 I was annoyed. 度 I was an

7、gry/cross.加 I was very angry.深 I am blue in the face. (臉色都青了, 相當(dāng)生氣了)attention n. 注意Attention ,please. 請(qǐng)注意(口語(yǔ))pay attention 注意pay attention to 對(duì)注意You must pay attention to that girl.pay a little attention 稍加注意pay much attention 多加注意pay more attention 更多注意pay no attention 不用注意pay close attention 特別注意b

8、ear(bore, born) v. 容忍 vt. 承受，支撐，承擔(dān)，負(fù)擔(dān)Can the ice bear my weight?Who will bear the cost? 誰(shuí)來(lái)承擔(dān)這筆費(fèi)用？ vt. 忍受（一般與can/could連用于疑問(wèn)句及否定句中）She eats too fast. I cant bear to watch/watching her. 她吃得太快。我看著受不了。How can you bear living in this place? 你怎么能受得了住在這個(gè)地方？bear =stand =put up withI cant bear/stand you.endur

9、e:忍受,容忍put up with :忍受I got divorced（離婚）.I could not put up with himbear/stand/endure 忍受的極限在加大bear n.熊 white bear 白熊bear hug :熱情(熱烈)的擁抱give sb. a bear hugbusiness n. 事, 生意 n. 生意business man :生意人do business: 做生意go to some place on business:因公出差I(lǐng) went to Tianjin on business. n. 某人自己的私人的事情Its my busine

10、ss. (指私人的事, 自己處理的事) Its none of your business. 不關(guān)你的事。rudely adv. 無(wú)禮地, 粗魯?shù)豶ude adj. 粗魯?shù)?，無(wú)禮的pay vt. &vi. 支付 vt. &vi. 支付（價(jià)款等）Have you paid the taxi-driver?You can pay a deposit of thirty pounds 您可以先付30英鎊的定金Ill pay by instalments.I paid 50 dollars for this skirt. （payfor sth. 花/支付（錢(qián)）買(mǎi)） vt. &vi. 給予（注意等）；

11、去（訪問(wèn)）They did not pay any attention.We paid a visit to our teacher last Sunday. 上星期天我們?nèi)グ菰L了老師。 n. 工資，報(bào)酬I have not received my pay yet. 我還沒(méi)有領(lǐng)到工資。【Text】Last week I went to the theatre. I had a very good seat. The play was very interesting. I did not enjoy it. A young man and a young woman were sitting

12、behind me. They were talking loudly. I got very angry. I could not hear the actors. I turned round. I looked at the man and the woman angrily. They did not pay any attention. In the end, I could not bear it. I turned round again. I cant hear a word! I said angrily.Its none of your business, the youn

13、g man said rudely. This is a private conversation!參考譯文：上星期我去看戲. 我的座位很好, 戲很有意思, 但我卻無(wú)法欣賞. 一青年男子與一青年女子坐在我的身后, 大聲地說(shuō)著話. 我非常生氣, 因?yàn)槲衣?tīng)不見(jiàn)演員在說(shuō)什么. 我回過(guò)頭去怒視著那一男一女, 他們卻毫不理會(huì). 最后, 我忍不住了, 又一次回過(guò)頭去, 生氣地說(shuō) : “我一個(gè)字也聽(tīng)不見(jiàn)了!” “不關(guān)你的事, “那男的毫不客氣地說(shuō), “這是私人間的談話!” 【課文講解】1、Last week I went to the theatre.動(dòng)詞go的原義是離開(kāi)一個(gè)地方去另一個(gè)地方，與介詞to連用

14、后，常加上主語(yǔ)所要去的目的來(lái)代表主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作目的。go to the +地點(diǎn) 表示去某地干嘛go to the theatre = go to the theatre to see a play去劇場(chǎng)看戲go to the cinema =see a film 去電影院看電影go to the dairy 去牛奶店go to the + 人 + s 表示去這個(gè)人開(kāi)的店go to the doctors 去看??；go to the butchers 買(mǎi)肉以下短語(yǔ)中名詞前不加冠詞：go to school 去上學(xué)；go to church 去做禮拜；go to hospital(醫(yī)院) 去看病；go

15、 to bed 上床，睡覺(jué)；go home（跟home相連一定表示沒(méi)有事情可做,回家休息）I am at home. 在家休息2、I had a very good seat.seat一般指戲院、汽車(chē)等配置的固定座位，也可以抽象地表示“座位”或“位子”等概念。the front seat of a car 汽車(chē)的前座Take a seat, please. 請(qǐng)坐。3、I did not enjoy it.enjoy vt. 欣賞，享受，喜愛(ài) enjoy +n. 喜歡,從當(dāng)中得到一種享受（后面不能跟人）I enjoy the music.enjoy the dinner/film/program

16、/game enjoy oneself/代詞 玩的開(kāi)心We always enjoy ourselves. enjoy +動(dòng)名詞Jane doesnt enjoy swimming. She enjoys going to the theatre.4、I got very angry. get在這里有“逐漸變得”的含義，接近become，是個(gè)表示過(guò)程的動(dòng)詞，表示狀態(tài)的變化。而I was very angry則僅表示當(dāng)時(shí)的狀態(tài)是生氣，并不暗示過(guò)程。I am/was angry. 是一個(gè)事實(shí)I got angry. 強(qiáng)調(diào)變化過(guò)程It is hot.It got hot.got取代be動(dòng)詞，got是

17、一個(gè)半聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞,可以直接加形容詞。5、I could not hear the actors. I turned round.hear+人:聽(tīng)見(jiàn)某人的話I could not hear you. Beg your pardon?I couldnt hear you./I couldnt hear a word./I couldnt catch your words.I couldnt hear you clearly./I couldnt catch your words.Beg your pardon? /I couldnt catch your words.turn round =turn

18、 around 轉(zhuǎn)身6、In the end, I could not bear it.in the end 最后，終于，表示一段較長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間之后或某種努力之后 She tried hard to finish her homework by herself. In the end, she had to ask her brother for help.I could not bear it/you/the noise.7、I cant hear a word!I cant hear a word.美音:肯定I can 否定,I cant,它的/t/是吞進(jìn)去的, 在讀音上很難區(qū)別, 只能根據(jù)上

19、下文來(lái)定hear a word of sb. （a word 等于一句話）He didnt say a word.May I speak to Jim?/May I have a word with Jim?8、Its none of your business.ones business 指某人（所關(guān)心的或份內(nèi)）的事Its none of your business./None of your business./Its my business. 不關(guān)你的事。It is my business to look after your health. 我必須照顧你的身體健康。none相當(dāng)于not

20、 any或no one，但語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng)。She kept none of his letters. 他的信件她一封也沒(méi)有保留。none of 這個(gè)短語(yǔ)有時(shí)可以表達(dá)一種斷然、甚至粗暴的口氣，尤其是在祈使句中：None of your silly remarks! 別說(shuō)傻話了！【Key structures】簡(jiǎn)單陳述句的語(yǔ)序陳述句一定是有主語(yǔ),有動(dòng)詞,有賓語(yǔ),有句號(hào) 6 1 2 3 4 5 6when? Who? Action Who? How? Where? When? Which? Which? What? What? 1 主語(yǔ)，一般由名詞、代詞或名詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成，通常位于動(dòng)詞之前，動(dòng)詞必須與主語(yǔ)一致

21、，即主語(yǔ)決定動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式2 謂語(yǔ)，由動(dòng)詞充當(dāng)3 賓語(yǔ)，一般為名詞、代詞或名詞短語(yǔ)4 副詞或介詞短語(yǔ),對(duì)方式或狀態(tài)提問(wèn),往往做狀語(yǔ) I like her very much5 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，一般在方式副詞之后，時(shí)間副詞之前6 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，可以放在句首或句末 簡(jiǎn)單陳述句一定不能少的是主語(yǔ), 謂語(yǔ). 如果問(wèn)何時(shí)何地,是一個(gè)固定搭配 when and where【Multiple choice questions】1 The writer turned round. He looked at the man and the woman angrily _b_ .a. and they stopped t

22、alking b. but they didnt stop talkingc. but they didnt notice him d. but they looked at him rudelyThey did not pay any attention. 不是沒(méi)看見(jiàn)，只是思想上沒(méi)在意pay attention: 從思想上注意、在意，如交通安全應(yīng)注意. notice: 眼睛上注意(=see 眼睛看)I notice her.4 The young man and young woman were sitting behind him. He was sitting _d_ them.a. b

23、efore b. above c. ahead of d. in front ofbehind: 在后面in front of 在前面 (相對(duì)靜止的概念)before 在前面 (后面加詞或句子，一般和時(shí)間相連)He arrived before six oclock.before he came backabove 在上面ahead of 在前面 (+時(shí)間、位置)(動(dòng)態(tài)的行為)ahead of timeHe goes ahead of me.5 _c_ did the writer feel? Angry.a. Where b. Why c. How d. When特殊疑問(wèn)詞對(duì)后面的答案提問(wèn)h

24、ow(adv.)對(duì)一個(gè)方式、狀態(tài)提問(wèn)，對(duì)形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)提問(wèn)7 The young man and the young woman paid _d_ attention to the writer.a. none b. any c. not any d. noany 用在否定句和疑問(wèn)句中some用在肯定句中none代詞，沒(méi)有任何東西、沒(méi)有任何人 None knows./None of us knows.not否定詞,要放在非實(shí)義動(dòng)詞后面not any=noHe didnt pay attention.no形容詞、修飾名詞I dont have any friends./I have no

25、 friends.I have no time./I dont have any time.11 The writer could not bear it. He could not _c_ it.a. carry b. suffer c. stand d. liftbear 忍受=standsuffer 遭受,忍受 (精神或肉體上)痛苦，suffer后面必須加一種痛苦I suffer the headache.（肉體上的痛苦）He often suffers defeat.（精神上的痛苦）（defeat n. 失敗）Lesson 2 Breakfast or lunch? 【New word

26、s and expressions】（5）until prep. 直到outside adv. 外面ring v. （鈴、電話等）響（rang, rung）aunt n. 姑，姨，嬸，舅母repeat v. 重復(fù)until prep.直到until用于表示動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)等的持續(xù)，可譯為“一直到為止”或“在以前”。在肯定句中，它與表示持續(xù)性狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞連用，表示持續(xù)到某一時(shí)刻：Ill wait here until 5. 我會(huì)在這里等到5點(diǎn)鐘。His father was alive until he came back. 直到他回來(lái)為止,他爸爸都是活著的. 在否定句中，它通常與描述短暫動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞連用

27、，表示“到為止”、“直到才”：She cannot arrive until 6. 她到6點(diǎn)才能來(lái)。His father didnt die until he came back. 直到他回來(lái),他爸爸才死. until（后的從句）的時(shí)間終止之前,這個(gè)動(dòng)作做了還是沒(méi)做？做了前面的主句用肯定；沒(méi)做前面的主句用否定For he _A(C)_(wait) until it stopped raining. A. waited B. didnt waitA. leave B. left C. didnt leaveI stay in bed until twelve oclock.I didnt get

28、 up until 12 oclock.outside adv. 外面（作狀語(yǔ)）He is waiting for me outside.It is cold outside.ring(rang. rung) v.(鈴、電話等)響 vt. 鳴，(鈴、電話等)響(這種響是刺耳的, 往往是提醒人做某事)Every morning the clock rings at 6.The telephone(door bell) is ringing.而風(fēng)鈴等響要用jingle，jingle (bell) (鈴兒) 響叮當(dāng) vt. 打電話給（美語(yǔ)中用call）ring sb. 給某人打電話Tomorrow

29、Ill ring you. n. （打）電話give sb. a ringRemember to give me a ring. /Remember to ring me. n. 戒指aunt n. 姑,姨,嬸,舅媽(所有長(zhǎng)一輩的女性都用這個(gè)稱(chēng)呼)男性則是uncle: 叔叔 他們的孩子：cousin 堂兄妹(不分男女)cousin的孩子：nephew 外甥；niece 外甥女repeat v. 重復(fù) vt. 重復(fù)Will you repeat the last word?They are repeating that wonderful paly. vi. 重做，重說(shuō)Please repeat

30、 after me.Dont repeat.【Text】It was Sunday. I never get up early on Sundays. I sometimes stay in bed until lunchtime. Last Sunday I got up very late. I looked out of the window. It was dark outside. What a day! I thought. Its raining again. Just then, the telephone rang. It was my aunt Lucy. Ive just

31、 arrived by train, she said. Im coming to see you.But Im still having breakfast, I said.What are you doing? she asked.Im having breakfast, I repeated.Dear me, she said. Do you always get up so late? Its one oclock!參考譯文：那是個(gè)星期天, 而在星期天我是從來(lái)不早起的, 有時(shí)我要一直躺到吃午飯的時(shí)候. 上個(gè)星期天, 我起得很晚. 我望望窗外, 外面一片昏暗. “鬼天氣!” 我想, “又

32、下雨了. “正在這時(shí), 電話鈴響了. 是我姑母露西打來(lái)的. “我剛下火車(chē), “她說(shuō), “我這就來(lái)看你. “ “但我還在吃早飯, “我說(shuō). “你在干什么?” 她問(wèn)道. “我正在吃早飯, “我又說(shuō)了一遍. “天啊, “她說(shuō), “你總是起得這么晚嗎?現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)1點(diǎn)鐘了!” 【課文講解】1、It was Sunday.it指時(shí)間、天氣、溫度或距離，it被稱(chēng)為“虛主語(yǔ)”（empty subject）。作為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)的中性代詞，it可以指一件東西、一件事件或用來(lái)指是什么人：It is a lovely baby.2、I never get up early on Sundays.on Sundays: 所

33、有的星期天,每逢星期天,與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)連用，表示經(jīng)常性的行為。介詞on一般用于表示某一天的時(shí)間短語(yǔ)中：on Monday，on Monday morning，on that day當(dāng)使用last，next，this，that時(shí)，介詞（以及定冠詞）必須省略：Ill see you next/this Friday.never 從來(lái)不 (可以直接用在動(dòng)詞前面)=助動(dòng)詞+not (變成否定句,前面一定要加助動(dòng)詞)I dont like her.=I never like her.3、I sometimes stay in bed until lunchtime.在表達(dá)臥床時(shí)bed前不需加冠詞：Its

34、time for bed now.You must stay/remain in bed for another two days. 你必須再臥床兩天。4、Just then, the telephone rang. It was my aunt Lucy.just then: 就在那時(shí)如果不知道對(duì)方性別, 他/她可以用it取代Who are you?/Who is it ?5、Ive just arrived by train,by 直接加交通工具(不能有任何修飾詞, 復(fù)數(shù))；如果加修飾詞, 就要換掉by用in或onI go out by bus.I go out in/on two bus

35、es. （指具體的兩輛車(chē)介詞用in/on）Long ago people could go to America only by ship/sea.如果是特指的交通工具，則要加冠詞或其他限定詞：My aunt left by the 9:15 train.by air 乘飛機(jī)by bicycle/bike 騎自行車(chē)by boat乘船by bus 乘公共汽車(chē)by car乘小汽車(chē)by land 由陸路by plane 乘飛機(jī)by sea 由海路by ship乘船by train 乘火車(chē)6、Im coming to see you. 我將要來(lái)看你. 用 come 的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài) be coming

36、表示一般將來(lái)，表示近期按計(jì)劃或安排要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。同樣用法的動(dòng)詞有：go，come，leave，arrive，land，meet，die，start，return，join7、Dear me!天哪!英國(guó)人說(shuō)Dear me!或My dear!美國(guó)人說(shuō) : My god! (發(fā)啊的音)注意美英的發(fā)音不同. 【Key structures】現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)和一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示說(shuō)話的當(dāng)時(shí)正在發(fā)生或正在發(fā)生的事件,也用來(lái)表示現(xiàn)階段(一段時(shí)間)的動(dòng)向?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)常與now，just，still等副詞連用：I am working as a teacher. 現(xiàn)階段He is still sleeping.

37、（現(xiàn)在還在睡覺(jué)）Jane is just dressing up. 簡(jiǎn)正在打扮。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作, 真理, 是過(guò)去、現(xiàn)在和未來(lái)都會(huì)發(fā)生的事情。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般與頻率副詞often，always，sometimes，never，frequently，rarely，ever等連用。Helen never writes to her brother Tony. She sometimes rings him.頻率副詞往往放在句子中的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞前, 非實(shí)義動(dòng)詞后；如果既有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞又有非實(shí)義動(dòng)詞, 要放在兩個(gè)之間；疑問(wèn)句中副詞往往放在主語(yǔ)后面。在否定句中not必須放在always之前，而且也出現(xiàn)在g

38、enerally、normally、often、regularly和usually之前；not必須出現(xiàn)在sometimes和frequently之后。表示肯定的速記可以用在句尾；在特別強(qiáng)調(diào)和需要對(duì)比時(shí)，frequently、generally、normally、sometimes、usually等副詞可用于句首。 I get paid on Friday usually. Very often the phone rings when Im in bath.非實(shí)義動(dòng)詞 : 系動(dòng)詞(be) 幫助動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成時(shí)態(tài)的助動(dòng)詞(do, does, will, shall, have, had, has) 情

39、態(tài)動(dòng)詞(must, can, may) 除此之外都是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞. I frequently go to bed hungry. （形容詞作狀語(yǔ)）He went to school hungry.餓著肚子上學(xué). You must come here hungry.空腹來(lái)這里. 【Special Difficulties】 以what開(kāi)頭的感嘆句：在英語(yǔ)中可用what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句來(lái)表示驚奇、憤怒、贊賞、喜悅等感情，在感嘆中主謂語(yǔ)采用正常語(yǔ)序。What 對(duì)名詞感嘆，感嘆句的結(jié)構(gòu)為：What +a/an (+adj.)+n.(+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ))!What a good girl (she is)! （主、謂

40、可?。┯猩舷挛暮鸵欢ǖ恼Z(yǔ)境, 才能省略形容詞。一般省略形容詞表示批評(píng)或不大好的意思。What a thing to say! 多么難聽(tīng)的話啊！What (a lot of) trouble( he is causing)!【Multiple choice questions】5.He doesnt get up early on Sundays. He gets up _a_ .a. late b. lately c. slowly d. hardlylate 晚的lately =recently 最近的, 近來(lái)的. How are you going lately? 最近一段時(shí)間身體還好嗎?

41、8 He _a_ out of the window and saw that it was raining.a. looked b. saw c. remarkedd. watchedlook 表示看的動(dòng)作，后面一定要加介詞see 表示看的結(jié)果，后面直接加賓語(yǔ)watch 表示觀看，后面直接加賓語(yǔ), 但賓語(yǔ)一定是能夠活動(dòng)的東西look at pictures (對(duì))；watch pictures(錯(cuò))11 Breakfast is the first _d_ of the day.a. food b. dinner c. lunch d. meallunch 中餐 food 食物dinner

42、正餐 一天中最豐盛的那頓飯, 可能是中餐, 也可能是晚餐, 但決不會(huì)是早餐. meal 一頓飯Lesson 3 Please Send Me a Card 【New words and expressions】（11）send v. 寄，送postcard n. 明信片spoil v. 使索然無(wú)味，損壞museum n. 博物館public adj. 公共的friendly adj. 友好的waiter n. 服務(wù)員，招待員lend v. 借給decision n. 決定whole adj. 整個(gè)的single adj. 唯一的，單一的send v. 寄, 送send a letter 寄信s

43、end sth. to sb. /send sb. sth. 給某人送（寄）什么東西send/take children to school：take強(qiáng)調(diào)某人親自送；send則是通過(guò)第三人去送, 如美國(guó)的校車(chē) take flowers to his wife 自己送send flowers to his wife 叫店里的人送postcard n. 明信片兩個(gè)爆破音在一起，前者失去爆破音。這里/t/和/k/前者失去爆破音name card /visiting card 名片Here is my name card. (口語(yǔ)常用, 同時(shí)伴隨著遞出的動(dòng)作)ID card 身份證 （ID 身份）cr

44、edit card 信用卡cash card 現(xiàn)金卡, 儲(chǔ)蓄卡, 工資卡(不能透支的那種)spoil(spoiled，spoilt) v. 使索然無(wú)味, 損壞 vt. 弄壞，損壞，糟蹋The sad news spoiled our weekend. 這不幸的消息使我們沒(méi)能過(guò)好周末。The rain spoiled the school sports. 這場(chǎng)雨把學(xué)校運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)弄得一團(tuán)糟。This spoiled my day.What you said spoiled me.His arrival spoiled my holiday. vt. 寵壞，慣壞，溺愛(ài)Dont spoil your ch

45、ildren. 不能太慣孩子。His parents spoiled the boy.spoil: 把東西的質(zhì)量變得不好; 生活中不順心的事;寵壞, 溺愛(ài)break: 打破; break the windows 打破玻璃damage: 破壞, 程度不一定很重destroy : 破壞, 徹底摧毀以上三個(gè)是指物理上的破壞, 而spoil主要指精神上的museum n. 博物館Palace Museum 故宮public adj. 公共的 adj. 公共的，公眾的，社會(huì)的There is a public library in this town.I always sit in public gar

46、dens on Sundays. adj. 公開(kāi)的，眾人皆知的Their secret meeting was made public 20 years later. 他們的秘密會(huì)晤20年以后才被公開(kāi)。public house（酒吧）簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)pub public place 公共場(chǎng)所in public 公開(kāi)的；in private 私下里的Lets have a conversation in private. 讓我們私下談?wù)?Why not have a conversation in public? 為什么不公開(kāi)談呢?(當(dāng)面說(shuō)呢?) n. 公眾，群眾，大眾The public is/are p

47、leased with his explanation. 公眾對(duì)他的解釋很滿(mǎn)意。The museum is open to the public on Sunday.friendly adj. 友好的friendly是形容詞，單獨(dú)使用時(shí)一般做定語(yǔ)；作為狀語(yǔ)表示這個(gè)人做什么事情很友好, 用短語(yǔ)in a friendly wayHe is not very friendly to John.She gave me a friendly greeting.He always greets me in a friendly way.以-ly結(jié)尾的形容詞還有l(wèi)ovely，brotherly，father

48、ly，manly，motherlywaiter n. 服務(wù)員, 招待員waiter(男服務(wù)員), waitress(女服務(wù)員), 只出現(xiàn)在餐館里chief waiter 領(lǐng)班 I want to see the chief waiter. 我要見(jiàn)你們的領(lǐng)班。shop assistant 商店里的店員attendant n. （其他公共場(chǎng)所的）服務(wù)員lend v. 借給 lend to（借出）：lend sth. to sb/lend sb. sth. Can you lend me $20 please? Ill pay/give it back tomorrow.borrow from（借進(jìn)

49、）：borrow sth. from sb./borrow sth. （borrow不能用 borrow sb sth.） He borrowed my pen yesterday. He hasnt given me it yet.decision n. 決定make /take a decision作出決定It was not easy for me to make/take this decision.Are you made/taken a decision?make a big/great decision (big：重大；great：偉大, 更重大)decide v. 決定whol

50、e adj. 整個(gè)的a whole bottle of milk 一整瓶牛奶the whole，the whole day 整天 ，two whole weeks 整整兩星期all th，all the day (the可省略) 整天all of后面如果加代詞, 代詞前面不需要修飾詞；一旦要加名詞, 前面一定要加theall of us；all of the studentssingle adj. 唯一的, 單一的反義詞 : double 雙倍的【Text】Postcards always spoil my holidays. Last summer, I went to Italy. I v

51、isited museums and sat in public gardens. A friendly waiter taught me a few words of Italian. Then he lent me a book. I read a few lines, but I did not understand a word. Everyday I thought about postcards. My holidays passed quickly, but I did not send cards to my friends. On the last day I made a

52、big decision. I got up early and bought thirty-seven cards. I spent the whole day in my room, but I did not write a single card!參考譯文：明信片總攪得我假日不得安寧. 去年夏天, 我去了意大利. 我參觀了博物館, 還去了公園. 一位好客的服務(wù)員教了我?guī)拙湟獯罄Z(yǔ), 之后還借給我一本書(shū). 我讀了幾行, 但一個(gè)字也不懂. 我每天都想著明信片的事. 假期過(guò)得真快, 可我還沒(méi)有給我的朋友們寄過(guò)一張明信片. 到了最后一天, 我作出了一項(xiàng)重大決定. 我早早起了床, 買(mǎi)來(lái)了37張明

53、信片. 我在房間里關(guān)了整整一天. 然而竟連一張明信片也沒(méi)寫(xiě)成!【課文講解】1、Last summer, I went to Italy.last： adj. 上一個(gè)last summer里的last表示 “上一個(gè)” adj. 最后一個(gè)，表示“最后一個(gè)”時(shí)要加冠詞thethe last day 最后一天 （具體到一天及一天的早中晚都要用on）2、A friendly waiter taught me a few words of Italian.Italian于Italy : 注意重讀音的位置不同teach sb. sth. 教某人做某事He teaches our English.(錯(cuò))He

54、teaches us English.(對(duì))語(yǔ)言不可數(shù), 所以要用a little Italian或a few words of ItalianI can speak a little English/a few words of English.a few可與復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞連用，表示肯定，含有some，a small number of（一些，少數(shù)幾個(gè)）的意思。The police would like to ask him a few questions. 警察要問(wèn)他一些問(wèn)題。 3、Everyday I thought about postcards. think about/of 考慮,

55、思考，指某一段時(shí)間一直在想/考慮某事, think of還可指想到What do you think of?What do you think of TV program last night?What do you think of the weather today? 你覺(jué)得天氣怎么樣?think over 仔細(xì)考慮，反復(fù)思考Whats the weather like today?cold, chilly（非常非常冷）, freezeIll freeze.我要凍僵了4、I spent the whole day in my room, but I did not write a sing

56、le card!spend與表示時(shí)間的詞或短語(yǔ)連和時(shí)，意思為“花（時(shí)間）”、“度過(guò)”spend+時(shí)間+地點(diǎn) : 在什么地點(diǎn)我花費(fèi)/度過(guò)了多少時(shí)間I spend three hours in the sea.I spend my weekend at my mothers.I spend three hours in the classroom everyday.I spend a lot of time in traffic jam.(交通堵塞)spend還可以表示“花錢(qián)”If we spend all the money, well be poor again.I cant spend an

57、y more on this car. 【Key structures】一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)通常表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的而現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)結(jié)束的事件、動(dòng)作或情況。它通常指動(dòng)作何時(shí)發(fā)生，而不指動(dòng)作持續(xù)多久。Do you ever catch a cold in the winter?Yes, I caught a cold last winter.【Special Difficulties】 直接賓語(yǔ)與間接賓語(yǔ)雙賓語(yǔ)：直接賓語(yǔ)(表示動(dòng)作結(jié)果，動(dòng)作所涉及的事物)和間接賓語(yǔ)(動(dòng)作目標(biāo)，動(dòng)作是誰(shuí)做的或?yàn)檎l(shuí)做的，通常是人)。間接賓語(yǔ)大多數(shù)情況下置于直接賓語(yǔ)之前，如果間接賓語(yǔ)在后，間接賓主前必須加“to”（表示動(dòng)作對(duì)什么人

58、做）或“for”（表示動(dòng)作為什么人而做）。give sb. sth./give sth to sb間接賓語(yǔ)在后面時(shí), 其前必須加to(對(duì)而言)或for(為而做)?？梢苑g為“給”、“替”、“為”的，就用for；如果只能翻譯為“給”的, 就用to與to相連的give, take, pass, read, sell, buy，pay，hand，bring，show，promise，offer，owetake flowers to my wife.與for相連的 buy, order, make, findI buy a book for you .make a cake for youfind s

59、th. for sb.do sb. a favor 幫某人一個(gè)忙Do me a favor please./Do a favor for me? 幫我一個(gè)忙I do something for you.Can I order something for you?Can I buy you a bottle of beer ? 意為我請(qǐng)你喝杯酒的意思 【Multiple choice questions】4 _a_ him a few words of Italian? The waiter.a. Who taught b. Who did teach c. What did he teach

60、d. Whom did he teach人做主語(yǔ)提問(wèn)who 對(duì)賓語(yǔ)提問(wèn)whomwho既可以對(duì)主語(yǔ)提問(wèn)也可以對(duì)賓語(yǔ)提問(wèn), 而whom只能對(duì)賓語(yǔ)提問(wèn)如果對(duì)主語(yǔ)提問(wèn), 則句子的語(yǔ)序和陳述句語(yǔ)序一樣；如果對(duì)非主語(yǔ)來(lái)提問(wèn), 則句子要使用特殊疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句的語(yǔ)序Who/Whom did the waiter teach a few words of Italian?5 He was a friendly waiter. He spoke to the writer _d_ .a. friend b. as friends c. like friends d. in a friendly wayHe s