2020-2021高考英語任務(wù)型閱讀訓(xùn)練經(jīng)典題目(及答案)

1、2020-2021高考英語任務(wù)型閱讀訓(xùn)練經(jīng)典題目（及答案）一、高中英語任務(wù)型閱讀1 .閱讀短文，并按照題目要求用英語回答問題。Most of us probably dreamed about becoming an astronaut when we were little. But how many of us actually became one, or are at least working toward it?The advice “Always follow your dreams is something that is typically easier said than

2、done.But still, this is the one piece of advice that Alyssa Carson wants to share with her peers. This 17-year-old girl from the US has become one of the candidates for NASAs 2033 project to go to Mars. If everything goes well, Carson will be one of the first human beings to ever set foot on the red

3、 planet.Carson has dreamed of going to Mars since she was only three years old. Watching an astronaut-themed cartoon and learning that humans have only been to the moon but not Mars, Carson decided that she wanted to be the first one to do so.Since then, she has worked hard toward this goal. At the

4、age of 12, Carson became the first person to attend all three NASA space camps, and she sat with real astronauts in a NASA panel(座 談會)to discuss the future of Mars missions.Now 17, Carson is continuing with her space training while still taking on her high school work like a normal teenager, except

5、that she studies all her subjects in four languages - English, French, Spanish and Chinese.I dont think theres anything specific that makes it easier for me or makes it something that others cant do/ Carson said in an interview with Uproxx News. Tve just really focused myself on what I want to accom

6、plish?And Carson is willing to make sacrifices for her dream. Shes fully aware of the danger of the mission and the possibility that she might never be able to come back. She also accepts the fact that she cant get married and start a family because any loved ones left on Earth may be a distraction

7、for her and for the mission. But Carson believes that its all worth it, summarizing her view with this ancient Greek proverb she once quoted, “A society grows great when old men plant trees whose shade they know theyll rever sit iSo after all the hard work that Carson has done and all the sacrifices

8、 shes made, everything still boils down to the simple phrase, “follow your dreams”. And while some peoples dreams may sound out of this world, in Carsons case, they literally(毫不夸張地)are.What will happen to Carson in 2033 if everything goes well? (No more than 8 words)Why did Carson decide to be the f

9、irst one to go to Mars? (No more than 20 words)How does Carson differ from other students for the school work? (No more than 10 words)How do you understand the underlined sentence? (No more than 20 words) 前后，對比選項，選擇答案。3）復(fù)讀短文，核對答案：為了保證答案的正確性，一定要 把答案代入原文，進行核對檢查。.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余

10、選項。Every animal sleeps, but the reason for this has remained foggy. When lab rats are not allowed to sleep, they die within a month.One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories.We know that, while awake, fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing （力口強）connections between brain cells, but

11、the memory processes that take place while we sleep have been unclear.Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons （神經(jīng) 元）in the brain can be weakened overnight, making room for fresh memories to form the next day.Now we have the most direct evidence yet that

12、 he is right.The synapses in the mice taken at the end of a period of sleep were 18 per cent smaller than those taken before sleep, showing that the connections between neurons weaken while sleeping.If Tononis theory is right, it would explain why, when we miss a nights, we find it harder the next d

13、ay to concentrate and learn new information our brains may have smaller room for new experiences.Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapses become thinner. The team discovered that some synapses seem to be protected and stayed the same size.You

14、keep what matters/ Tononi says.We should also try to sleep well the night before.Its as if the brain is preserving its most important memories.Thats why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning.Similarly, when people go for a few days without sleeping, they get sick.T

15、he processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories.Tononis team measured the size of these connections, or synapses, in the brains of 12 mice.GSleep is the price we pay for learning/ says Giulio Tononi, who developed the idea.【答案】D； C； G； F； B【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了睡覺對神經(jīng)元的影響。（1）根

16、據(jù)上一句的 When lab rats are not allowed to sleep, they die within a month.（實驗室 的小老鼠若不讓它睡覺，它不到一個月就死了）可知，D項同樣，人若幾天不睡覺就會生 病。符合語境，故選D。（2）結(jié)合上文提到睡眠幫助我們加強記憶，而C項中說這就是為什么學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)之后有 機會睡一覺的話，考試的成績會更好。是對上一句的進一步說明舉例，C項最切題，故選 Co（3）結(jié)合上文，上文Support is growing for a theory提及的是一個理論，選項G中的 zzGiulio Tononi, who developed the i

17、dea.（朱莉奧是提出這個理論的人）“正好呼應(yīng)，故選G。（4）根據(jù)下文可知，老鼠在睡眠結(jié)束時，突觸會變小18%,表明睡眠時神經(jīng)元會變?nèi)?，F(xiàn) 項托諾尼的團隊測量了 12只老鼠的大腦與下文最呼應(yīng)，故選Fo(5)根據(jù)上文講述神經(jīng)元雖然會變?nèi)?，但有些神?jīng)元會保持不變，再結(jié)合下文說，你記 住了最重要的事，由此可知，B項大腦似乎會保護最重要的記憶與上下文的銜接最好， 故選Bo【點評】閱讀理解七選五解題步驟1)分析選項，串聯(lián)主題：了解文章的主題、大意，會讓解題的方向更明確。2)研究空格 前后，對比選項，選擇答案。3)復(fù)讀短文，核對答案：為了保證答案的正確性，一定要 把答案代入原文，進行核對檢查。.閱讀下列短

18、文，按照要求用英文回答問題。I was in the country, Vietnam, from 1970 to 1971. I was a nineteen-year-old soldier. Six months after my arrival, I stepped on a land mine and lost my right foot. Although it was a painful experience, I also felt great relief and happiness. I knew it meant my plane ticket home. So I ha

19、d mixed feelings after the accident.Back in the US, I was fitted with an artificial leg and I threw away my uniform and my Purple Heart. They had no value to me. They reminded me of what I wasnt proud of and I had one constant reminder: one artificial leg.Twenty-six years later, I participated in a

20、bicycle race in Vietnam, which was designed for Americans and veterans (老兵)and civilians of Vietnam. In the race I formed a connection with Tran, a veteran of the former North Vietnam. Like me, Tran had also lost his leg due to a mine. But unlike me, he had also lost some family members in the Ameri

21、cans bombing. He said he used to be filled with hate for Americans.One day, I heard that he had slipped in the race by accident, and that his leg was hurting him. I offered him some medicine to ease his pain. He gave me a thumbs up. He smiled his big smile. And that was enough. We had a special conn

22、ection. Although language was an obstacle to our communication, it didnt hinder us from conveying our friendship. In the race, we found that we could relax and enjoy each others company, even without words.During the race, I found his prosthesis (假肢)was not good, so I considered arranging a new pros

23、thesis for him after returning home. And I invited him to visit my country. Joyfully, he agreed. When I returned home, I talked with my friend Jim, who owned the company where my prosthesis was made. I told him about Tran and why he should have a new prosthesis. Jim agreed.Later; Tran travelled to m

24、y country. We got Tran a new prosthetic leg. I was happy to give something to himand in a way, to his country. At my daughters* school, he talked about forgiveness. Despite their countrys loss, he found the place in his heart to forgive.He is my friend, and I am happy that now our friendship will co

25、ntinue for the rest of our life.Why did the author have mixed feelings after the accident? (no more than 10 words)What does the underlined word in Paragraph 4 mean? (only 1 word)What did the authors friend, Jim, agree to do? (no more than 10 words)What was the change of Trans feelings to Americans?

26、(no more than 10 words)Why does the author say he and Tran will be friends for the rest of their life? Please give reasons in your own words. (no more than 20 words)【答案 (1) Because although he was injured, he could returned home.Prevent.To make a new prosthesis for Tran for free.He turned hate to fo

27、rgiveness.Open.【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，作者去越南參加自行車比賽時，遇到了和他遭遇相 似的越南老兵，他們心意相通，成為了朋友。作者回國后邀請Tran來美國并送給他新的假 肢，他很感動，告訴作者他原諒了美國對他的傷害，作者覺得他們的友誼可以永遠保持下 去。(1)考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的Although it was a painful experience, I also felt great relief and happiness. I knew it meant my plane ticket home. So I had mixed feelings afte

28、r the accident,可知，作者雖然腿受了傷，但這意味著他可以回家，所以他的心情即痛苦又開 /心。 故本題答案為：Because although he was injured, he could return home.(2 )考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第四段中的Although language was an obstacle to our communication, it didnt hinder us from conveying our friendship.可知， 盡管語言是他們交流 的障礙，但這并不他們傳達友情。前后句為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故推測劃線詞的意思是阻止。 故本題答案為：Pre

29、vento(3)考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第五段中的so I considered arranging a new prosthesis for him after returning home.When I returned home, I talked with my friend Jim, who owned the company where my prosthesis was made. I told him about Tran and why he should have a new prosthesis.可知，作者回到美國后把想送給Tran新假肢的事情給朋友Jim說了，Jim對此想 法

30、表示贊同。故本題答案為：To make a new prosthesis for Tran for free.(4)考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的He said he used to be filled with hate for Americans,和 倒數(shù)第二段的 At my daughters school, he talked about forgiveness.”可知,Tran 對美國的態(tài)度 由恨變?yōu)樵彙９时绢}答案為：He turned hate to forgiveness.(5)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的We had a special connection. Although

31、 language was an obstacle to our communication, it didnt hinder us from conveying our friendship. In the race, we found that we could relax and enjoy each others company, even without words?； 以及彳到數(shù) 第二段中的was happy to give something to himand in a way, to his country. At my daughters school, he talked

32、 about forgiveness. Despite their countrys loss, he found the place in his heart to forgive.可推測，作者認為他們之間的友誼可以繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去是因為他們雖然語 言不同卻能正真理解對方，而且Tran也放下了對美國的仇恨。故本題答案可以圍繞這方面 展開?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，詞義猜測和推理判斷三個題型的考查，是一篇故事類閱 讀，要求考生準確掌握細節(jié)信息。并根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行分析，推理，從而寫出 正確答案。9.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。Top 3 Self-Disc

33、ipline TechniquesSelf-discipline is the key to leading a healthier, happier and more successful life,. We have shared some self-discipline techniques below. Follow these self-discipline techniques to start living a better life.（l）Start smallThe journey of a thousand miles starts with a single step a

34、s the proverb goes. Instead, stamina （耐力）is built up by doing a little more than the previous days target.The same goes for discipline. Start by trying to carry out self-discipline techniques little by little every day for big results. Increase your goals over time.Staying self-disciplined requires

35、motivation. It can be hard to stay motivated if you feel like you havent made any progress so far. Tracking progress makes you aware of how much youve done and encourages you to keep going.（3）Exercise your willpowerSome days, sticking to the task is going to be difficult but by reminding yourself of

36、 the end in mind and how much the goal means to you, you will be able to ignore temporary temptations for long term gain.The above-mentioned self-discipline techniques have been proven to be extremely effective.and it is the key to living a happy and fulfilling life.Build a support systemMeasure you

37、r goalsWillpower and self-discipline go hand in handSelf-discipline is a feature found in many successful peopleSelf-discipline is linked to effective time managementHowever, it is easier said than doneYou dont train for a marathon by running 10 kilometers on the first day【答案】F； G； B； C； D【解析】【分析】本文

38、介紹三大自律的技巧。Build a support system 建立一個支持系統(tǒng)。Measure your goals 測評你的目標(biāo)。Willpower and self-discipline go hand in hand 意志力和自律相輔相成。Self-discipline is a feature found in many successful people 自律是在很多成功人士身上都能 找到的特征。Self-discipline is linked to effective time management 自律和有效的時間管理有聯(lián)系。However, it is easier sa

39、id than done然而說起來容易做起來難。You dont train for a marathon by running 10 kilometers on the first day 你不會在第一天跑 10公里來訓(xùn)練馬拉松。（1）根據(jù)上文提示自律是通向更健康、更快樂、更成功生活的關(guān)鍵。下文提示我們在下 面分享一些自律技巧。承接上下文，However, it is easier said than done切題，該項中的 However表示該句與上文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故選F。（2）根據(jù)上文提示千里之行，始于足下。下文說相反耐力是通過比前一天的目標(biāo)多做一點 來建立的。承接上下 文 You do

40、nt train for a marathon by running 10 Kilometers on the first day 切題，下文中的Instead表示前后句是一種轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故選G。（3）本題為標(biāo)題選擇。本段主要說保持自律需要動機，但是如果你很久沒有取得進步你 就很難保持動力。追蹤系統(tǒng)讓你知道你做了多少，鼓勵你堅持下去。此處的tracking progress應(yīng)該指的是對你目標(biāo)的測評，故選B。（4）根據(jù)本段小標(biāo)題Exercise your willpower （鍛煉你的意志力）;再根據(jù)下文提示有時候， 堅持完成任務(wù)是很困難的，但是通過提醒自己目標(biāo)的意義和目標(biāo)對你的意義，你就可以忽

41、略暫時的誘惑而獲得長期的利益?？芍狢項Willpower and self-discipline go hand in hand.切 題，故選C。（5）上文提示上述自律技巧已被證明是非常有效的。再根據(jù)下文提示這是快樂充實生活 的關(guān)鍵。承接上下文 D 項 Self- discipline is a feature found in many succesful people.切題，故 選Do【點評】 在做七選五時一定要注意 and/but/so/besides/however/furthermore/moreover/in addition/whats more等詞匯、固定結(jié)構(gòu)的運用。它們連接了

42、上下文，起著承上起下的作 用。像but（但是）、however （然而）表示轉(zhuǎn)折，這說明前后的內(nèi)容相反或相對。同時還要注 意選項中代詞的指代和小標(biāo)題選擇時是對段落的總結(jié)。10.請閱讀下面短文，并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一個最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。A fresh-faced batch of teenagers just began a new school year, but will they get the most out of it? In the mornings, many are forced to get to school much too early. And at n

43、ight, screens are a temptation thats hard to resist. This double whammy （雙重災(zāi)難）is a perfect lesson in sleep deprivation （錄U奪）.Three out of every four students in grades 9 to 12 fail to sleep the minimum of eight hours that the American Academy of Medicine recommends for their age group. In most cases

44、, insufficient sleep results in reduced attention, preventing students progress and lowering grades. More alarmingly, sleep deprivation may lead to physical and emotional problems.It is important to understand why teenagers have a particularly hard time getting enough sleep, and what adults need to

45、do to help. First, a reminder of the basic biology: Adolescents are no longer the morning larks of their younger years. They become rewired as night owls, staying awake later and then sleeping in. This is mostly driven by changes in the way the brain responds to light.New technology habits arent hel

46、ping. More teenagers now turn to activities involving screens at night. The growth in screen time is particularly problematic for sleep. The blue light emitted by LEDs, TVs, tablets and smartphones suppresses the bodys secretion （分泌）of melatonin, the hormone that signals its time to sleep. Overdosin

47、g on screens at night effectively tells the brain its still daytime, delaying the bodys cues to sleep even further.Parents should inform their kids of the time that can be spent on screens, and praise children who show signs of regulating their own media consumption. In the hour before bedtime, ther

48、e should be a suspension on bright lights in the home, avoiding devices and harsh LED bulbs in kitchens and bathrooms.In 2016, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommended that middle and high schools start no earlier than 8: 30 a. m.z a policy now backed by the American Medical Association and ma

49、nyother health organizations.Parents also need to join forces with community leaders, sleep scientists, health professionals and educators to put school start times on the local, then state agendas.Whenever schools have managed the transition to a later start time, students get more sleep, attendanc

50、e goes up, grades improve and there is a significant reduction in car accidents.TitleLet Teenagers Sleep InIntroductionTheof students fail to have enough sleep.Consequences of insufficient sleepLacking sleep, students fail toon their study, progressprevented and grades lowered.Deprived of sleep, stu

51、dents areto suffer from physicaland emotional problems.Reasons for lacking sleepBiologically, adolescents tend to sleep late and get up,which cant meet the actual needs.Longto the blue light from screens prevents the bodyssecretion of the hormone sending sleeping signals.to the problemParents should

52、 set real on screen time, and praisechildren who can regulate their own media consumption.Before bedtime, parents should create a healthy environment from bright or too strong lights.Joint efforts should be made tothe school start timeuntil, say, 8: 30 a. m.ConclusionChanges on school start time wil

53、lboth students and societyalthough there is a long way to go.【答案】 majority； focus /concentrate； likely； late； exposure； Solutions /Approaches；limits /restrictions； free； delay /postpone； benefit /profit【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文，介紹了大多數(shù)學(xué)生都存在睡眠不足的現(xiàn)象，并分析 了睡眠不足所產(chǎn)生的后果、原因、以及解決措施。(1)考查信息提取能力。根據(jù)第一段中的In the mornings,

54、many are forced to get to school much too early” 以及第二段“Three out of every four students in grades 9 to 12 fail to sleep the minimum of eight hours that the American Academy of Medicine recommends for their age group”可知，在早晨，許多人被迫提前上學(xué)。九年級至十二年級的學(xué)生中，有四分之三的 人睡眠不足的時間達不到美國醫(yī)學(xué)研究院建議的八小時的睡眠時間。所以通過“many Jhree o

55、ut of every four students”可知，大多數(shù)學(xué)生睡眠不足。故填majority。(2)考查信息提取能力。根據(jù)第二段中的“In most cases, insufficient sleep results in reduced attention”可知，在大多數(shù)情況下，睡眠不足會導(dǎo)致注意力下降。所以通過“reduced attention可知，由于缺乏睡眠，學(xué)生們不能集中精力學(xué)習(xí)。故填focus/concentrate。(3)考查信息提取能力。根據(jù)第二段中的More alarmingly, sleep deprivation may lead to physical and

56、emotional problems.可知，更令人擔(dān)憂的是，睡眠不足可能導(dǎo)致身體和情感問 題。所以通過“may”可知，學(xué)生缺乏睡眠，學(xué)生很可能遭受身體和情感問題。故填likely。(4)考查信息提取能力。根據(jù)第三段中的“They become rewired as night owls, staying awake later and then sleeping in.”可知、他們變得像夜貓子一樣,熬夜,然后睡懶覺。所以通過 “sleeping in”可知,青少年起的很晚。故填late。(5)考查信息提取能力。根據(jù)第四段The blue light emitted by LEDs, TVs,

57、tablets and smartphones suppresses the bodys secretion (分泌)of melatonin, the hormone that signals its timetosleepJ可知，LED、電視、平板電腦和智能手機發(fā)出的藍光會抑制人體的褪黑激素分 泌，這種激素是一種向睡眠時間發(fā)出信號的激素。所以通過“emitted”可知，長時間暴露在 屏幕上的藍光中，可以防止人體分泌激素發(fā)出睡眠信號。故填exposure。(6)考查信息提取能力。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第四段和第三段以及第二段的內(nèi)容可知，這三段主要 在討論對孩子睡眠不足的具體解決措施。故填Solutions

58、/Approacheso(7)考查信息提取能力。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第四段Parents should inform their kids of the time that can be spent on screens,可知，家長應(yīng)該告知孩子們可以在屏幕上花費的時間。所以通過 “inform“可知，家長應(yīng)該對孩子可以在屏幕上花費的時間設(shè)定真正的限制。故填limits /restrictions o(8)考查信息提取能力。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第四段In the hour before bedtime, there should be a suspension on bright lights in the home,

59、 avoiding devices and harsh LED bulbs in kitchens and bathrooms J可知，在就寢前一小時，應(yīng)該把家里明亮的燈懸掛起來，避免廚房和浴室里的 設(shè)備和刺眼的LED燈泡。所以通過“avoiding“可知，睡前，父母應(yīng)該創(chuàng)造一個沒有明亮或強 光的健康環(huán)境。故填free。(9)考查信息提取能力。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中的In 2016, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommended that middle and high schools start no earlier than 8: 30 a. m.

60、“可矢口， 2016 年， 美 國兒科學(xué)會建議初中和高中的上課時間不要早于上午8: 30o所以通過“no earlier than可 知，應(yīng)該共同努力把開學(xué)時間推遲到，比如說上午8： 30。故填delay/postpone。(10)考查信息提取能力。根據(jù)最后一段Whenever schools have managed the transition to a later start time, students get more sleep, attendance goes up, grades improve and there is a significant reduction in c