語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)十四：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（三）16開(kāi)

1、語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)十四：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(三)過(guò)去分詞(三)過(guò)去分詞：1、過(guò)去分詞的基本用法：過(guò)去分詞只有一種形式，也沒(méi)有主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，它所表示的動(dòng)作是一 個(gè)被動(dòng)的或是已完成的動(dòng)作。過(guò)去分詞在句中也可用作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)等成分。過(guò)去分 詞在句中作某種成分時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)一般為該分詞所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者，如：(1)作定語(yǔ)：過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果這個(gè)分詞是一個(gè)單詞，就位于其修飾的名詞之前， 如果是分詞短語(yǔ)，就位于其修飾的名詞之后。被過(guò)去分詞所修飾的名詞，就是該分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ), 如： The stolen car was found by the police last week.(2)作表語(yǔ)：過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，表

2、示其邏輯主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)就是句中的主 語(yǔ)，如：The glass is broken.這個(gè)玻璃杯是破的。注：過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，和動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié) 構(gòu)相似，但兩者表達(dá)的意義不同，如：The glass was broken by my little brother.這個(gè)玻璃杯是被我 小弟弟打破的。作表語(yǔ)用的過(guò)去分詞在許多詞典中已列為形容詞，如：crowded, devoted, discouraged, done, dressed, drunk, experienced, frightened, gone, hurt, interested, killed, known, learne

3、d, lost, pleased, satisfied, shut, surprised, tired, undressed, worried, astonished, broken, completed, covered 等。(3)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，句中的賓語(yǔ)就是其邏輯主語(yǔ)，如：Whenl opened the door, I found the ground covered by fallen leaves.注：動(dòng)詞 have 后的復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中，賓語(yǔ) 補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)如為過(guò)去分詞，常表示該分詞所表示的動(dòng)作是由別人來(lái)執(zhí)行的而不是句中主語(yǔ)自己來(lái)執(zhí)行 的，如：I had my bike

4、repaired yesterday.昨天我(找別人)把我的自行車給修了。(4)作狀語(yǔ)：過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句，該結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語(yǔ)一般都是主句 的主語(yǔ)，是過(guò)去分詞所表示意義的邏輯賓語(yǔ)。為了使作狀語(yǔ)的過(guò)去分詞意義更加明確，常在分詞 前力口 when, if, while, though, as 等連詞， 如：Seen from the hill/ When seen from the hill, our town looks beautiful.; Given more time/ If given more time, we could have done it better, (

5、we 是該結(jié)構(gòu)的邏 輯主語(yǔ)，是give的邏輯賓語(yǔ)。)獨(dú)立主格,上述-ing和過(guò)去分詞的用法中，-ing和過(guò)去分詞在句中均有邏輯主語(yǔ)，但有時(shí)它 們也能有自己的獨(dú)立的主語(yǔ)，這種獨(dú)立的主語(yǔ)，一般為名詞或代詞，位于其前之前，和-ing或過(guò) 去分詞構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格。獨(dú)立主格在句中一般只作狀語(yǔ)用，而-ing和過(guò)去分詞作用的形式，那么要根 據(jù)它們所表示的動(dòng)作和句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的時(shí)間關(guān)系而定。至于獨(dú)立主格中是使用-ing或是過(guò) 去分詞，那么要根據(jù)它們的主語(yǔ)和其所表示的動(dòng)作的主動(dòng)被動(dòng)關(guān)系而定，如：The bell ringing, we all stopped talking.注：The work having

6、been finished, she sat down to have a rest. 獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)中的 being 或 having been ?？墒∪?，如：The meeting (being) over, all left the room.作伴隨狀語(yǔ)的獨(dú) 立結(jié)構(gòu)?？捎?with 短語(yǔ)來(lái)代替，如：She read the letter, tears rolling down her cheeks./ She read the letter with tears rolling down her cheeks.2、-ing形式與過(guò)去分詞的區(qū)別：(1)語(yǔ)態(tài)不同：-ing形式表示主動(dòng)概念，及物動(dòng)詞

7、的過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)概念。an inspiringspeech鼓舞人心的演說(shuō)；the inspired audience受鼓舞的聽(tīng)眾。(2)時(shí)間關(guān)系不同：現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動(dòng)作一般是正在進(jìn)行中的動(dòng)作，而過(guò)去分詞所表示 的動(dòng)作，往往是已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，如：The changing world正在發(fā)生的世界；the changed world已 經(jīng)起了變化的世界。練習(xí)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(三)1. There is no question ofable to finish it himself.A. Tom wasB. Toms being C. Toms beD. Tom is2. The new shopp

8、ing center now will be put into use by the end of this year.A. builtB. be builtC. being builtD. to be builtHave you had supper?Not yet. The mealA. are being cooked B. is being cooked C. is cookedD. are cookedIm glad you here in the hotel.Its my great pleasure to have you us.”Have you had supper?Not

9、yet. The mealA. are being cooked B. is being cooked C. is cookedD. are cookedIm glad you here in the hotel.Its my great pleasure to have you us.”A. meeting, toB. to have met, withIm afraid I can*t make myself in English.A. understanding B. understandAlthough in a hurry, Wilson.A. couldnt stop walkin

10、gC. stopped to help the strangerJanet is easy.A. for getting along withC. to get along withDon*t forget the light when you leave.turn offB. to turn offC. having met, among D. to meet, ofC. to be understood D. understoodB. couldnt help the strangerD. didnt answer the strangerby getting along withD. g

11、ot along withturning offD. turned offThe mother is very glad; her baby is beginningA. understanding what she meansC. to understand what she meansthink this story is.A. worth being read B. worth readingThis scientist is a man praise.A. worth toB. worthy to bedont want any more trouble, you see?there

12、beingB. it to beA. understanding what she meansC. to understand what she meansthink this story is.A. worth being read B. worth readingThis scientist is a man praise.A. worth toB. worthy to bedont want any more trouble, you see?there beingB. it to beto understand that she meantD. noticing what she me

13、ans ,C. worth to readC. worthy ofC. it beingD. worth of readingD. worthD. there to beWhen she returned home, she found the window open and something.A. stealingB. missedC. stolenD. to stealStrictly, it isn*t worth the price you are asking.A. to speakB. speakingC. speakD. spokenTime, theyll come here

14、 to watch us football.A. permitted, playing B. permitted, to play C. permitting, play 16. The man was seen into the courtyard.A, stealingB. stolenC. be stealingBob should love to the party tomorrow evening.A. takingB. to be takenC. to takeTom had no choice but the classroom with his classmates.A. to

15、 cleanB. cleanC. cleaningMr. Brown said that his car neededA. to be repaired B. being repaired C. be repairing 20. The old man didn*t know whether to sell the car or.D. permitting, to playD. had stolenD. being takenD. cleansD. to repairbeing kept for later usebeing kept for later usekept for later u

16、seto keep it for later useto keep it for later useto be kept it for later useThe noise of the desks could be heard in the next classroom.The noise of the desks could be heard in the next classroom.being opened and closedC. having been opened and closedopened and closedD. to be opened and closed1 rem

17、ember someone the umbrella away.A. to see, taketo see, to takeShe was noticed the shop.A. to enterB. entercouldn*t help when I heard the joke.A. being laughed B. laughingshe burst into tears.A. Deeply movedC. As she deeply movedThe problem requires.A. studying with great careC. to be studied without

18、 carelessnesshaving seen, to takeD. having seen, takehaving entered D. enteredC. to be laughing D. to laughB. Deeply movingD. As she was deeply movingB. to study carefullyD. taking great care of studying itcarelessly, the boy made mistakes here and there.A. being written B. WroteC. WriteD. WritingHe

19、 would rather his parents with their housework than out to play games.A. to help, to go B. help, goC. help, to goD. to help, goThe boy had his leg while football.broken, playing B. break, play C. broken, played D. broke, was playing 30. Having finished the work,.A. it was almost six oclocka postman

20、came and delivered the evening paper and some lettersC. supper had been already prepared 31. He is ill. He has kept.A. coughing all alongC. cough since yesterday 32. It is no use without.A. to talk, doingC. talking, doingI usually go there by boat/*A. try goingB. to try goingshe felt quite shy at th

21、e party.A. As she a strangerAccording to a strangerEvery morning he gets up early and practiseswe had a rest and then had supperB. to cough at nightD. being coughed day and nighttaking, being doneD. being talked, being to doWhy not by train for a change?trying to goD. to try and goB. Being a strange

22、rShe like a stranger and then to school.A. to read English, goB. reading English, goingC. reading English, goesD. of reading English, goes. While football on tin playground, I found my keysA. playing, lost , B. play, losingC. played, being lost D. having played, lost.the same mistakes again made his

23、 parents very angry.A. His having made B. He has made C. He had making D. Him making 38. Dick made it to all his friends.A. to knowB. knownC.knowD. knowingAnna spends one hour a day spoken English.A. practiseB. to practiseC. on practisingNo one was surprised at the examination.A. he passingB. his passC. him passAnna spends one hour a day spoken Engli