《美國文學史及選讀》考試題型及復習要點2022

1、 2022年英語雙學位 ?美國文學史及選讀?期末考試題型及復習要點期末考試題型及分值：1作家、作品配對題10*1分 = 10分2作品選讀題填空題、簡答題5*5分 = 25分3. 文學術語、文學人物解釋題4*5分 = 20分4. 論述題3*15分 = 45分認真閱讀教材的中文版的?序言?熟悉教材中以下復習要點中各位作家的選文Benjamin Franklin:Remember Benjamin Franklin as inventor, statesman and writer.Remember him as father of the United States.Writing feature

2、s The Autobiography: It is the pattern of Puritan simplicity, directness, and concision. The narrative is lucid, the structure is simple, the imagery is homely.本杰明富蘭克林：本杰明富蘭克林是創(chuàng)造家、政治家和作家。他是“美國之父。寫作特點 自傳：這是清教徒的簡單、直接和簡潔的方式。敘事清晰，結構簡單，意象樸實。Edgar Allan PoeRemember Poe as father of modern short story and

3、father of detective story.Remember his important works.Remember his critical works: The Poetic Principle and The Philosophy of Composition.Be able to list some of his famous short stories and some of his famous poems such as The Raven, Annabel Lee, To Helen. Tell the story The Cask of Amontillado in

4、 your own words.What is the theme of this short story?Be familiar with his poem To Helen.埃德加愛倫坡Poe是現代短篇小說之父和偵探小說之父。他的重要著作。他的批評作品：詩歌原那么和寫作哲學。能夠列出一些他著名的短篇小說和一些著名的詩歌，如?烏鴉?、?Annabel Lee?、?海倫?等。講述一桶白葡萄酒用你自己的話。這個短篇小說的主題是什么？對海倫熟悉他的詩。Ralph Waldo EmersonKnow something about transcendentalism. Remember Emerso

5、n as the leader of this philosophy: Transcendentalism refers to a kind of attitude that believes in the recognition in man of the capacity of knowing truth intuitively, or of attaining knowledge transcending the reach of the senses. Major concepts 1) Power of intuition. 2) Spirit first, matter secon

6、d. 3) Nature as symbolic of spirit or God. 4) Individual as the most important element in society/ self-reliant 5) Religion as an emotional communication between an individual soul and the universal “oversoul 6) Commerce as degrading/ pay less attention to the material world The “over-soul as called

7、 by Emerson was an all-pervading unitary spiritual power of goodness, omnipresent and omnipotent, from which all things came and of which everyone was a part. Generally, the over-soul referred to spirit of God as the most important thing in the universe.Emersons Nature is called manifesto of transce

8、ndentalism.The American Scholar (1837) is regarded as “Americas Second Declaration of Independence / Declaration of Intellectual (Cultural) IndependenceBe familiar with the essay Self-reliance.拉爾夫瓦爾多愛默生知道一些關于超驗主義。記得愛默生作為這一哲學的領袖：超驗主義指的是一種態(tài)度，相信人的直覺認識真理的能力的識別，或實現知識超越感官。主要概念1直覺的力量。2精神第一，物質二。3自然象征精神或上帝。4

9、個體在社會/自立的最重要的元素5宗教作為一種情感交流個人靈魂和宇宙的“超靈6商務降級/較少關注物質世界“結束艾默生稱作是一種無孔不入的整體精神力量的善良的靈魂，無所不在，無所不能，這一切來的都是一局部。一般來說，過度的靈魂提到上帝的靈魂是宇宙中最重要的東西。愛默生的自然是被稱為“超驗主義宣言。美國學者1837被譽為“美國的第二次申報知識/獨立宣言文化獨立熟悉文章“自力更生。Henry David Thoreau Remember Thoreau masterpiece.Tell the main contents of Walden in your own words.亨利戴維梭羅記得梭羅的杰

10、作。告訴瓦爾登湖的主要內容用自己的話。Nathaniel HawthorneIntroduce The Scarlet Letter in your own words.The influence of Puritanism on The Scarlet Letter.Analyze the main characters.Tell the symbolic meanings of the letter A.List Hawthornes major works. 納撒尼爾霍桑介紹紅字用你自己的話。清教對紅字的影響。分析主要人物。告訴字母A的象征意義。霍桑主要作品列表。Herman Melvi

11、lleBe able to list Melvilles major works.Be able to retell the story of Moby Dick in your own words.Be able to analyze the character Captain Ahab.Be able to tell the symbolic meanings of Moby Dick, the ship Pequod and the coffin: the White Whale can be read as an allegorical representation of an unk

12、nowable God or the mysterious force of nature; the Pequod is a symbol of doom/death; Queequegs coffin alternately symbolizes life and death. The influence of Puritanism on Moby Dick. 赫爾曼梅爾維爾可以列出Melville的主要作品。能用自己的話復述Moby Dick的故事。能夠分析人物Ahab船長。能夠告訴Moby Dick的象征意義，船和棺材：白鯨可以解讀為一個不可知的上帝或大自然的神秘力量的一種象征；是厄運和

13、死亡的象征；Queequeg的靈柩交替象征著生命和死亡。清教思想對Moby Dick的影響。Walt WhitmanRemember Whitmans most important work.What is free verse? A kind of poetry that does not conform to any regular metre: the length of its lines is irregular, as is its use of rhymeif any. Instead of regular metrical pattern it uses more flexib

14、le cadences or rhythmic groupings, sometimes supported by anaphora and other devices of repetition. Now the most widely practiced verse form in English, it has precedents in translations of the biblical Psalms and in some poems of Blake and Goethe, but established itself only in the late 19th and ea

15、rly 20th centuries with Walt Whitman. Be familiar with the poem O Captain, My Captain and know its main idea. 沃爾特懷特曼記住懷特曼最重要的工作。自由詩是什么？一種不符合任何格律的詩：它的線條長度不規(guī)那么，如用韻。而不是常規(guī)的格律采用更靈活的節(jié)奏或韻律的分組，以照應和重復其他設備有時支持?，F在是英語中使用最廣的詩歌形式，它在圣經圣歌和布萊克和歌德的一些詩歌中有先例，但只有在第十九世紀末和第二十世紀，沃爾特惠特曼才建立起自己。熟悉船長的詩，我的船長，知道它的主要思想。Emily Dick

16、insonBe familiar with her three poems in the textbook and their themes.Know something about Dickinsons poetic features: A. Her poems have no titles, hence the first line of each poem is always quoted as the title of each poem.B: particular stress pattern: dash“ C: Capital letters as a means of empha

17、sis;D: Language: brief, direct, and plain;E: Poem: short, always on original images or symbols F: Conventional meters, iambic tetrameter, off-rhymes.G: Short poetic lines, condensed by using intense metaphors and by extensive use of ellipsis.狄金森熟悉她的三在教科書和他們的詩的主題。知道狄金森的詩性特征的東西：她的詩沒有標題，因此每一首詩的第一行總是引用作

18、為每首詩的題目。B：特殊應力模式：短跑“-C：大寫表示強調；D：語言：簡單、直接、樸素的；E：詩：短，總是對原始圖像或符號F：常規(guī)米，四音步抑揚格，無韻。G：短的詩句，用強烈的隱喻和省略大量使用濃縮。Mark TwainWhat was Mark Twains true name?Samuel Langhorne Clemens What does his pen name mean?What book of his is thought to be the best one about which Hemingway said “All modern American literature

19、comes from one book by Mark Twain?What is his first real novel? What is its sequel?Name three of his other works. Retell the short story The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County.What do you know about Mark Twains Style? Vernacular Language: Mark Twain wrote in his unpretentious, colloquial, a

20、nd poetic style. He used vernacular language. The directness of the language is a very influential point in Twains style. Local Color: Twain depicted social life through descriptions of local places and people he knew best and believed that “the most valuable capital, or culture, or education usable

21、 in the building of novels is personal experience. Cracker-barrel Philosopher: Twain adopted the moral stance of a cracker-barrel philosopher. This term is often used to mean someone who understands folk wisdom, has a pretty good common sense of view of life, and is pretty realistic about social pro

22、blems. Twain was that kind of a person. Stephen CraneThe definition of American Naturalism.Remember Stephen Cranes important works.Be familiar with The Open Boat and know the themes of the short story.F. Scott FitzgeraldRemember Fitzgerald as the spokesman of the Jazz Age and his major works.Be able

23、 to introduce The Great Gatsby and make comments about Gatsby.William FaulknerRemember some of Faulkners famous works.Know something about his writing features: a. complex plotb. stream of consciousnessc. characterization: he was able to probe into the psychology of charactersd. violation of chronol

24、ogye. courtroom rhetoric: formal languagef. multiple points of view, circular formBe familiar with Barn Burning and know the conflict in it. Ernest HemingwayRemember him as the spokesman of the Lost Generation.Memorize Hemingways major works.Know the theme of the short story A Clean, Well-Lighted Pl

25、ace: The theme of Nada /nothingness is the keynote of the whole story. Nada means hopelessness, aimlessness and meaninglessness of life. Nearly all the characters live in Nada. Faced with “nothing in the modern society now and then, man should seek light and order to establish dignity in life. Hemin

26、gways Iceberg principle: His sentences only give one small bit of the meaning. The rest is implied. One must go very deep beneath the surface to understand the full meaning of his writing. Certainly, there are moments when the reader feels the suggestion of vast meaning beneath Hemingways few, spare

27、 words. Hemingways Code Hero:The “Hemingway Code of manhood does not involve mere physical strength, sexual potency, or ability to accumulate (or spend) wealth. According to this code, a man is defined by will, pride, and endurance: the endurance to accept pain, even loss-when the loss cannot be avo

28、ided; the pride of knowing that one has done ones best, with the courage to act truly according to ones own nature; and the will to face defeat or victory without whining on one hand or boasting on the other. Ezra PoundRemember Ezra Pounds most important work The Cantos.Be familiar with In a Station of the Metro and know the images in it. Remember the three Imagist poetic principles: direct treatment of the “thingno fuss, frill, or ornament, exclusion of superfluous wordsp