往年面試真題預(yù)測集文化翻譯復(fù)件

1、第六章The Ancient Capital of Zhengzhou23鄭州博物館主展館以鄭州出土的商代青銅方鼎為造型的原始基礎(chǔ)，配以圓形碟狀屋頂，取“天圓地方、鼎立中原”之寓意，融民族文化與時代精神于一體，獨(dú)具特色。主展館包括地上三層和地下一層。整體建筑風(fēng)格取鼎器粗獷與精美相統(tǒng)一的神韻，并賦予其鮮明的時代感。建筑上方的圓形碟狀屋頂，出檐深遠(yuǎn)，隱喻著古代“天圓地方”的哲學(xué)觀念。4鄭州博物館展廳總面積4720平方米，原基本陳列面積約為2000平方米，由三大部分八個展廳組成： 一、“鄭州文明曙光”部分，包括舊石器時代、新石器時代兩個陳列，它主要表現(xiàn)遠(yuǎn)古鄭州從新生代晚期至新石器時代的漫長歷史階段中

2、的生命活動及人類文明萌芽，通過陳列展示，闡明鄭州地區(qū)的古代文化在中華文明史上占有重要地位；二、“鄭州古都風(fēng)采”部分，包括夏都陽城，鄭州商都，鄭韓故城三個陳列，這一部分是鄭州博物館的主體陳列，反映鄭州古代史上最為輝煌的階段，通過大量精美文物、輔助版面、沙盤等，展示了鄭州古都的舊貌；三、“古代文化神韻”部分，包括古代陶瓷藝術(shù)陳列、古代石刻藝術(shù)陳列、古代書畫藝術(shù)陳列，該部分通過陶瓷、石刻、書畫等館藏文物精品的展示，折射鄭州古代歷史文化的輝煌，謳歌古代先民聰明睿智的創(chuàng)造精神。 鄭州博物館館藏豐富，藏品約30000件，三級品以上10000件。主要藏品有歷代銅器、陶瓷器、造像、碑刻、貨幣、畫像磚、骨蚌器、

3、金銀玉器、鐵器、繪畫、書法、革命文物等20個門類。藏品中原始社會時期至唐宋時代段的文物數(shù)量較大，具有代表性的商周青銅器、唐宋石雕等在國內(nèi)外學(xué)術(shù)界享有盛譽(yù)。56饕餮紋銅方鼎7牛首銅尊8舉父丁銅鼎9九鼎八簋(Gu)九鬲(l)10中原為中華民族燦爛文化發(fā)祥地的一個重要標(biāo)志，就是自有朝代建立以來，絕大多數(shù)王朝都興起于中原，扎根于中原，活躍于中原。中原在中國奴隸制社會、封建社會的漫長歷史時期，一直是全國的政治，經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化中心。直至12世紀(jì)上半葉的北宋末年，這個中心才逐漸南轉(zhuǎn)北移。Since the founding of the first dynasty, it was on the Central

4、Plains that most dynastic founders rose to power and chose to locate their capitals, symbolizing the fact that the Central Plains were the cradle of the Chinese culture. This place was the national political, economic and cultural center throughout Chinas slave and feudal social history and it was o

5、nly under the Northern Song Dynasty(960-1127) that the center was moved south in the first half of the 12th century. But it later went north again.從夏王朝建立至清王朝覆滅的4000余年歷史長河中，河南處于全國的中心地域長達(dá)3000多年之久，中國八大古都河南境內(nèi)占了一半，按年代順序分別是鄭州、安陽、洛陽、開封。For more than 3,000 of the 4,000 years between the establishment of the

6、 Xia Dynasty(c.2100BC-1600BC) to the end of the Qing Dynasty(1644-1911), Henan was the national center of China. Of the eight ancient capitals, four were located in the province - in chronological order, Zhengzhou, Anyang, Luoyang and Kaifeng. The four other once national capitals are: Xian, Nanjing

7、, Hangzhou and Beijing.11據(jù)史籍記載，奴隸社會的第一個世襲王朝夏朝，最初就建都于鄭州登封的陽城，后遷都于陽翟（今禹州），再后來又建都于洛陽東邊的偃師，在這里度過了它的晚年。According to historical records, the Xia Dynasty(c.2100BC-1600BC), the first hereditary dynasty in slave society, first sited its capital at Yangcheng (Dengfeng in suburban Zhengzhou). The capital was l

8、ater moved to Yangzhai (todays Yuzhou) and then to Yanshi in east Luoyang. 1213鄭州商城作為商代前期建立的一座都城，至今已有3600年歷史，其建筑規(guī)模之大，規(guī)劃布局之嚴(yán)整，文化內(nèi)涵之豐富，堪稱當(dāng)時世界之最。Built in the early years of the Shang Dynasty(1600BC-1046BC), Zhengzhou is over 3,600 years old. For scale, complete layout and rich culture, it had no rival.

9、鄭州商城作為商代前期政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、軍事、文化的中心，是中國古都發(fā)展史上一個重要的里程碑，在探索夏、商、周三代文明發(fā)展中具有承上啟下的重要作用。As the political, economic, military and cultural center in the early days of Shang(1600BC-1046BC) rule, Zhengzhou marked a milestone in the construction history of Chinas ancient capitals, and is a crucial link for studying the d

10、evelopment of civilization through the Xia(c.2100BC-1600BC), Shang and Zhou(1046BC-221BC) dynasties.1415鄭州被列為“中國八大古都”的決定性原因，是有一個價值巨大的商城遺址。The decisive factor for listing Zhengzhou among the eight ancient capitals was the discovery of immense valuable Shang city remains.1617181920212223Remains of Sha

11、ng Dynasty city wall, Zhengzhou陳運(yùn)和詩稱“七公里長的商代古城墻 一根能挑起鄭州歷史的扁擔(dān) 3500多年的延綿不斷 3500多頁的樹碑立傳”、“考古價值無法估量 現(xiàn)代的目光莫輕視這殘壁殘?jiān)?425堪稱華夏第一城古都鄭州鄭州小雙橋商代遺址的夯土臺基Rammed earth foundation at Shang Dynasty site, Xiaoshuangqiao, Zhengzhou26Foundations of Shang Dynasty palace, northeast zhengzhou27鄭州商城位于鄭州市老城區(qū)東部，近似長方形。北墻東段、東墻和

12、南墻的大部分至今仍保留在地面上；西墻和北墻西段毀壞較為嚴(yán)重，殘墻大部分被埋在地下。城墻周長近7公里，城址面積達(dá)25平方公里。The Shang city ruins, nearly rectangular in outline, lie in the east of the old city of Zhengzhou. The east section of the north city wall and most of the east and south walls still rise above ground, whilst the west wall and the west sec

13、tion of the north wall no longer exist above ground. The entire site covers an area of 25 square kilometers, surrounded by city walls that extend some seven kilometers.城墻采用版筑法分段分層夯筑而成，橫斷面呈梯形，墻基寬20米左右，墻頂寬5米多，復(fù)員后其高度約10米。中間是“主城墻”，兩側(cè)的斜坡是“護(hù)城坡”。以全部城墻的長寬高計(jì)算，約用土87萬立方米，夯前取土量約174萬立方米。按當(dāng)時的生產(chǎn)力水平，假如由一萬名奴隸修筑此城墻，需

14、要三四年的時間才能完成。The walls are trapezoid in section, 20 meters wide at the bottom and 5 meters at the top, built of rammed earth in layers and sections, and now 10 meters high following restoration work. The slopes protect the core section of the wall. A rough estimate shows that 1.74 million cubic meter

15、s of earth were used. Assuming 10,000 slaves were used on the project, it would have taken them three or four years to complete.2829它是中國發(fā)現(xiàn)最早的一座有整體規(guī)劃的商代城垣遺址，也是中國目前已發(fā)現(xiàn)的商代城垣遺址中規(guī)模最大、保留在地面上的城墻殘存夯土較高的一座，所以被一些研究者稱為“華夏第一城”。Since the city was the earliest ever found with obvious overall planning, it is the l

16、argest Shang city discovered to date, and has the tallest above-ground remains, scholars often refer to these ruins as Number One City of Chinese History.30考古工作者在宮殿區(qū)內(nèi)還發(fā)掘出了多出用石板砌成的輸水管道和多座水井，說明當(dāng)時這里已有一套科學(xué)的排水和給水系統(tǒng)。Wells and water pipes built of stone slabs were also unearthed on the site, showing the ex

17、istence of a scientific water supply and drainage system.31在商城遺址發(fā)現(xiàn)了大量青銅器代表了商代前期青銅冶鑄的最高水平，其中的青銅乳釘紋方鼎、青銅饕餮(tao1tie4)紋方鼎、青銅大圓鼎，是商代前期青銅器中罕見的重器。The bronze objects unearthed in large numbers at the site represent the finest skills in early Shang. They include two rectangular bronze ding vessels, one with nipple design and the other with ogre-mask motif, and one round ding