大三上系解組胚遺傳生化2醫(yī)學(xué)英語chapter15-17稿

1、Chapter 15 Nervous SystemCNS：central nervous system PNS：paracentral nervous system腦神經(jīng)=cranial nerves一嗅 olfactory nerve四滑 trochlear nerve二視 optic nerve五叉 trigeminal nerve三動眼 oculomotor nerve六外展abducens nerve九舌咽 glossopharyngeal nerve舌下 hypoglossal nerve七面 fal nerve八聽 acoustic / auditory nerve迷 vagus

2、nerve副 spinal acsory nerve感覺神經(jīng) sensory nerves運動神經(jīng) motor nerves混合神經(jīng) mixed nerves腦rain stem中腦 midbrain橋腦 pons = pons varolii延髓 medulla oblongata脊髓橫切面 transverse section of spinal cord白質(zhì)包外灰居中，灰質(zhì)斷面似蝶形；white matter / gray matterbutterfly前角運動后感覺，側(cè)角交感在腰胸；anterior horns = ventral hornsterior horns = dorsal

3、horns交感神經(jīng)sympathetic nerve前側(cè)傳導(dǎo)束，聯(lián)絡(luò)頸節(jié)上下行；anterior / lateral / fiber tractterior columnsascending fiber tract =sensory fiber tractdescending fiber tract = motor fiber tract腦神經(jīng)連腦歌訣一嗅額下嗅球中，二視離球間腦通；腳間窩內(nèi)三動眼，下丘下方滑車行；橋腹兩側(cè)連三叉，橋延溝內(nèi)展面聽；橄欖后溝上至下，舌咽迷走副神經(jīng)；錐體橄欖之間處，舌下神經(jīng)看得清。一嗅額下嗅球中 額葉 frontal lobe 二視離球間腦通；嗅球 olfactor

4、y bulb間腦 diencephalon betn-brain /erbrain /lamencephalon腳間窩內(nèi)三動眼，下丘下方滑車行；下丘腦 hypolamus橋腹兩側(cè)連三叉，橋延溝內(nèi)展面聽；pons = pons varoliimedulla oblongata橄欖后溝上至下，舌咽迷走副神經(jīng)；橄欖olive錐體橄欖之間處，舌下神經(jīng)看得清。cone錐體反射深腱反射ReflexesDeep Tendon ReflexesBicep Reflex(C5-6) Tricep Reflex ( C7-8)Quadiceps ( Palar, Knee Jerk) Reflex ( L3-4)

5、Achilles (le Jerk) Reflex (S1-2)Match the following inflammatory conditions with their corresponding ChiShingles Meningitis Myelitis帶狀皰疹腦膜炎 脊髓炎Polioencephalitis腦灰質(zhì)炎Rabies Tetanus Arachnitis狂犬病，恐水病破傷風(fēng)蛛網(wǎng)膜炎Encephalomyelitis腦脊髓炎How would you r Schizophrenia Depresthe following psychiatric conditions? an

6、d why?精神抑郁癥癥OCD (obsessive compulsive disorder) Alcoholism強迫癥anorexia nervosa paranoiaolar disorder神經(jīng)性厭食癥妄想癥燥郁癥Match the given terms with their definitionaencephalia, ataxia, amnesia, alexia, aphasia,loss of the ability to read = alexia失讀癥partial or total loss of memory = amnesia失眠癥partial or total

7、loss of the ability to articulate ideas or comprehend language = aphasia失語癥congenital imperfect development of the brain = aencephalialoss of the ability to coordinator muscular movement = ataxia腦發(fā)育不全共濟失調(diào)dipsomania, delu, dementia, deliriuma temporary se of mental confuand clouded consciousness deli

8、rium譫妄an insatiable, often perioraving for alcoholic beverages = dipsomania嗜酒錯覺a false bef strongly held in spite of invalidating evidence = deludeterioration ofellectual faculties, such as memory, concentration, and judgment = dementia 癡呆dysbasia, dysphasia, dyskinesia, dyslexiaan impairmenthe abil

9、ity to control movement dyskinesia運動impairment of the ability to recognize and comprehend written words dyslexia誦讀impairment of speech and verbal comprehen dysphasia言語difficult in walking dysbasia步行narcissism, pica, lergy, hydrocephalus, hemiplegiaparalysis affection only one side of the body hemipl

10、egia偏癱hydrocephalusan abnormal accumulation of fluidhe cerebral ventricles 腦積水erotic pleasure derived from contemplation or admiration of ones own body narcissism自戀an abnormal craving or appetite for nonfood substan, such as dirt, papica異食癖a se of sluggishness, inactivity and apathy lergy打采Match the

11、 following conditions with their corresponding Chitorpor麻痹；呆滯ticspina bifida syncope petit mal paraphasia necromania hallucination脊柱裂昏厥癲癇小發(fā)作語言錯亂，錯語癥戀尸狂，戀尸癖幻覺Translate the following titles of medical essayso English對疑診腦膜炎的成年患者在腰穿前進行頭部計算機體層掃描術(shù)Computed Tomography of the Head before Lumbar Puncture in A

12、dults withed meningitis高血壓和 Observation of mellitus患者顱內(nèi)腦動脈狹窄的觀察racranial artery occlusive diseases in patients with hypertenand diabetes血漿高半胱氨酸（Homocysteinec）是癡呆癥和海默氏病的一種Plasma Homocysteinec as a Risk Factor for Dementia and Alzheimers Disease缺氧缺血性腦病動物模型實驗治療的病理觀察A pathological survey of the ther enc

13、ephalopathyutic effect on experimental animal mwith hypoxic-ischemic急性腦缺血鼠下丘腦-垂體-腎上腺軸的活動特征Active characteristics of hypo in ratslamo-pituitary adrenocortical cortex during acute cerebral ischemiaChapter 16 Endocrine System垂體Neurohypophysis 垂體神經(jīng)部；神經(jīng)(性)垂體(垂體后葉)Pituitary gland/hypophysis Adenohypophysi

14、s 腺垂體前葉Hormones secreted by hypophysisGH/somatotropin成長激素Prolactin/lactogenic hormone 催乳素Thyrotrophyroid-stimulating hormone 促甲狀腺激素ACdrenocorticotropin/corticotropin 促腎上腺皮質(zhì)激素Gonadotropic hormones 促激素FSH=follicle-stimulating hormone 促激素ICSH=erstitial cell-stimulating hormone促間質(zhì)細(xì)胞激素,促(生成)激素MSH/melanot

15、rophelanocyte-stimulating hormone 促黑色素細(xì)胞激素Vasopressin/ADH=antidiuretic hormone 后葉加壓素,抗利尿激素oxytocin(后葉)催產(chǎn)素,縮宮素Hormocreted by pineal body（松果體）melatonin 退黑激素Hormones secreted by thyroid glandThyroxine 甲狀腺素Tetraiodothyronine (T4)四碘甲腺原氨酸 calcitonin 降血鈣素(一種調(diào)節(jié)血中含鈣量之 Hormones secreted by parathyroid glandsT

16、riiodothyronine (T3)三碘甲腺原氨酸)Parathyroid hormone or parathormone 甲狀旁腺激素Hormones secreted by adrenal glandsCorticosteroids = adrenocortical hormones 腎上腺皮質(zhì)激素Mineralocorticoids 礦質(zhì)(腎上腺)皮質(zhì)激素Aldosterone 醛固酮Glucocorticoids 糖皮質(zhì)激素Cortisol 考的松,皮質(zhì)醇corticosterone 腎上腺酮;皮質(zhì)脂酮Sex hormones（Androgen 雄激素Catecholamines

17、兒茶酚胺nephrine=adrenaline 腎上腺素 Hormones secreted by pancreas Glucagon 胰高血糖素(alpha cells) Other endocrine glandsEstrogen 雌激素）nornephrine 去甲腎上腺素Insulin(beta cells)What hormone has this function?Regulating the biological clock of the bodymelatoninRegulating the activities of several other endocrine gland

18、s such as thyroid, adrenals,reproductiveglandsAnterior pituitary hormonesregulating the rate of metabolismThyroxineParathormonecorticosteroidsDecreasing the concentration of calcium Decreasing the concentration of glucosehe blood he bloodcalcitonin 降血鈣素insulinRegulating the development of secondary

19、sex characteristicsAndrogenEstrogenWhich endocrine gland is responsible for?Diabetes insius 尿崩癥Pituitary gland Adrenal gland Pituitary gland Adrenal gland Pancreas Thyroid gland GonadsParathyroid glandsAddisons disease DwarfismPheochromocytoma 嗜鉻細(xì)胞瘤Diabetesmyxedema virilism腺瘤化hypercalcemia 高鈣血癥Tests

20、 for endocrine systemRAIU 放射性碘攝取ITT 胰島素耐量試驗TBG 甲狀腺素結(jié)合球蛋白ACTH test 促腎上腺皮質(zhì)激素試驗Radioactive iodine uptake testinsulolerance testThyroxine-binding globulinLH test 促激素試驗Luteinizing hormone testAldosterone and renest 醛固酮腎素試驗Translate the following case preseniono Chi1A 47-year-old woman was admitted to the

21、 hospital because of recurrent hypercalcemia.The patient had been admitted 14 years earr because of hyparathyroidism, with an increasedthymusthymosinDevelopment of immune systemstomachgastrinDigestion of foodplacentaChorionic gonadotropinOvary to maahe uterine liningSmallesticretin素Pancreas to produ

22、ce bicarbonate Gallbladder to contractcholecystokinin 縮膽囊素Heart (atria)atriopeptin 心房肽level of calcium (12.3 mg per deciliter 3.1 mmol per liter), markedly increased levels of alkaline phosphatase and parathyroid hormone (293 pg per milliliter; normal range, 10 to 60), and a low phosphorus level (1.

23、8 mg per deciliter 0.58 mmol per liter). Physical examination revealed a nodulehe left lowole of the thyroid gland.2A 64-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of hyperadrenocorticism.The patient had a history oina pectoris and had undergone five-vecoronary-artery bypasssurgery nine years

24、 before admis. He had long-standing heartburn, and for two years had hadermittent upper abdominal pahat responded to ranitidine. The results of upper gastroestinalendoscopy were normal. Six months before admis, he began to bruise easily; weakness, emotionallability, moon facies, and peripheral edema

25、 developed; and his weight increased by 5 kg. Threemonths before admis, a tremor developed in his hands. One month later, bouts of tachycardia andbradycardia occurred, and a dual-chamber electronic pacemaker was implanted. Shortly thereafter, atrial flutter with exertional dyspnea developed and did

26、not respond to medical treatment.Chapter 17SpeOlfactionl SensesGusionSpe Vil Senses：AuditionSkin SensesCommon Building Blocks acou/o- (Gr. akouein) to hear audi/o- (L. audire) to hear dacry/o- (Gr. dakryon) tears-acousis (Gr. akouein + -is/-ia) to hear-opia (ps + ia) eye-opsia (opsis + -ia) a condit

27、ion or a defect of viOuter (External) ear:The outer ear is comed of pinna and the external auditory c:The s-shd structure surrounding the auditory copeningA short, narrow chamber carved Ceruminal glands（耵聹腺） Middle ear:o the temporal bone of the skullThe middle ear is a small, air-filledwithhe tempo

28、ral bone:fl fled laterally by the eardrumed by a ball with two openingsspanned by the three ossicles: the hammer, the anvil, the stirrupInner (ernal) ear:The inner ear is a maze of bony chambers located deep withhe temporal bone.The bony labyrh is filled wiplasmalike fluid called perilymph.Suspendedhe perilymph is a membranous labyrh.Mechanism of hearing:Within the membranes of the snail-like cochlea is thean of Corti, which contains the hearing receptors or hair cells.Matching Gameconjunctivitis 結(jié)膜炎dacry