新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)大學(xué)英語綜合教程4Unit 2 Active reading 1

1、Active reading 1: MappingReading to figure out different ways to achieve purposeReacting to personal opinionsUsing learned words to express oneselfListen to the Francis Bacons “Of Studies” and see his opinions toward studies and how reading influences our life.Studies serve for delight, for ornament

2、, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment and disposition of business.讀書足以怡情，足以傅彩，足以長(zhǎng)才。其怡情也，最見于獨(dú)處幽居之時(shí)；其傅彩也，最見于高談闊論之中；其長(zhǎng)才也，最見于處世判事之際。 Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle;

3、natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. Abeunt studia in morse. 讀史使人明智，讀詩使人靈秀，數(shù)學(xué)使人周密，科學(xué)使人深刻，倫理學(xué)使人莊重，邏輯修辭之學(xué)使人善辯；凡有所學(xué)，皆成性格。 Active reading 1: EmbarkationText organisationText explorationText evaluationIdentifying purposeReacting to personal opinionsActive reading 1: N

4、avigationExtracting arguments and informationText organisation1. The power of reading (Paras 2-6)2. The range of reading (Paras 7-10)clickclick Introduction (Para 1)Conclusion (Para 11)clickActive reading 1: NavigationText organisationIntroductionThe story of Alice: the lead-in character Comments on

5、 reading Enter a new worldLiberate us from the real world we come fromBackActive reading 1: NavigationText organisationThe power of readingParas 2-3: Enjoy and celebrate the variety and difference in safety and provide us an opportunity to grow Para 4: Go to read if we ever question the power of rea

6、dingPara 5: Stimulate our emotions.Para 6: Influential in the way we live from our childhoodBackActive reading 1: NavigationText organisationThe range of readingPara 7: Thomas Mertons answers for 7 questions about readingPara 8-10: Homerun bookBackActive reading 1: NavigationIdentifying purposeAchie

7、ving purposeIdentifying the writers main purposeDiscussing effective ways the writer applies to achieving such purposeActive reading 1: NavigationIdentifying the writers main purposeWhich point will the writer intend to persuade?To show the reader how to read fictionTo suggest that fiction is more p

8、owerful than non-fictionTo persuade the reader that reading can be a life-changing experienceTo claim that books provide the meaning to lifeTo recommend some major novels to readIn an opinion piece of writing, the primary aim is to persuade readers to see sth. from the writers point of view.Purpose

9、Active reading 1: NavigationEffective ways to achieve the purposeGroup competition: Students from two groups are asked to speak in turns effective ways the writer applies to achieving the purpose and see whom speaks most. To persuade the reader that reading can be a life-changing experiencePurpose E

10、ffective ways clickActive reading 1: NavigationEffective ways to achieve the purposeclickUsing quotations from thinkers/novelistsCiting recent/non-recent novels as examplesInteractions between the writer and readersInterpreting the pleasure and power of reading graduallyUsing ironic title to hook re

11、aders attentionclickclickclickclickEffective ways BackActive reading 1: NavigationReacting to personal opinions In an opinion piece of writing, the writer is likely to make statements which are not objective. Try to show your opinions for those without examples backed up.Procedures to make responseP

12、ersonal opinionsUnderstand the authors opinions correctlyIdentify the authors purposeAsk questions about the key points for clarificationFigure out non-objective or illogical pointsMake refutation or show approvalActive reading 1: NavigationMoreReacting to personal opinions Sample analysis: See the

13、following statement and follow the 5 procedures to discuss our response.clickM-learningWell have experiences which are new, sometimes disconcerting, maybe deeply attractive, possibly unpleasant or painful, but never less than liberating from the real world we come from.Personal opinionsGroup work: R

14、eact to the following opinions clickActive reading 1: NavigationReacting to personal opinionsWell have experiences which are new, sometimes disconcerting, maybe deeply attractive, possibly unpleasant or painful, but never less than liberating from the real world we come from. (Para 1)Understand the

15、authors opinions correctlyTranslate the sentence into Chinese.我們可以體驗(yàn)未曾經(jīng)歷過的事情，這些事情有時(shí)令人不安，也許引人入勝；可能是不愉快的也可能是令人痛苦的，但無論如何都至少能把我們從現(xiàn)實(shí)世界中解放出來。Identify the authors purposeAnswer the question: What is the authors attitude?The author intends to persuade readers that reading can be a life-changing experience.M

16、oreActive reading 1: NavigationAsk questions for clarificationQ1: How can reading be a painful experience?It depends on the book and the readers personal experience or personality. If you have the similar experience like being bullied, it is easy to remind you of that experience when reading such a

17、story.Q2: In what senses does reading liberate us from the real world?In books we can do all sorts of wonderful or interesting things which would be impossible in the real world.Reacting to personal opinionsMoreActive reading 1: NavigationReacting to personal opinionsIdentify non-objective or illogi

18、cal pointsFind out adjectives which describe reading experiences.new, disconcerting, attractive, unpleasant, painfulClassify all these adjectivesFind out adverbs which indicate subjectivity.ClassificationGood: new, attractiveBad: disconcerting, unpleasant, painfulsometimes, nevermaybe, possibly deep

19、lyadv.Possibility, uncertaintyFrequencyDegreeFunctionMoreActive reading 1: NavigationReacting to personal opinionsMake refutation or show approvalOpinion: “Never less than liberating from the real world we come from”BackLiberatingExcluding those who believe the novel world is unrealisticRather dissa

20、tisfied with the real world.Excluding those who are satisfied with the real worldIf disconcerting, unpleasant and painful, would it be better to return to our real world?Never less thanRefutationActive reading 1: NavigationReacting to personal opinions Group work: Each group chooses 1 statement & fo

21、llow the example to discuss our response.M-learningReading books allows us to enjoy and celebrate this variety and difference in safety, and provides us with an opportunity to grow.Personal opinionsTo interact with other peoples lives in the peace and quiet of our homes is a privilege which only rea

22、ding fiction can afford us.We have more in common with other readers of books in other cultures than we might do with the first person we meet when we step out of our front doors.From the bedtime story read by a parent to their child all the way through to the sitting room lined with books in our ad

23、ult homes, books defines our lives.BackActive reading 1: NavigationDifficult sentencesWords to note Useful expressionsActive reading 1: ResourcesPreviewInformation relatedActive reading 1: ResourcesDifficult sentences1. We learn to look beyond our immediate surroundings to the horizon and a landscap

24、e far away from home. (Para 3, L9 to the end)2. I suggest that the only books that influence us are those for which we are ready, and which have gone a little further down our particular path than we have gone ourselves. (Para 6, L7-L11 )3. These books. have made it possible for me to get out of the

25、 confusion and meaninglessness of an existence completely immersed in the needs and passivities fostered by a culture in which sales are everything. (Para 7, L11 to the end)clickclickclickActive reading 1: ResourcesDifficult sentence 1We learn to look beyond our immediate surroundings to the horizon

26、 and a landscape far away from home. (Para 3)我們學(xué)會(huì)把目光移出我們周圍的環(huán)境，投向天邊，去領(lǐng)略一下異域風(fēng)光。our immediate surroundings: our familiar environment 周遭的環(huán)境The horizon and a landscape far away from home: 天邊和異域山水此句使用隱喻的手法，將 immediate experience 比作immediate surroundings, 將 completely different things that we imagine to ex

27、perience 比作 the horizon and a landscape。MoreIdentify the metaphor in this sentence.Translate the sentence into Chinese.clickclickDifficult sentence 1Identify the meaning of “beyondto”.(1) We have witnessed this particular crisis spreading beyond Asian countries to Latin America and even Eastern Euro

28、pe. 我們目睹這場(chǎng)風(fēng)暴不但蔓延至亞洲許多國(guó)家，甚至波及拉美和東歐。(2) Its application has extended beyond physics into, for example, biology and economics. 它的應(yīng)用已經(jīng)超越了物理學(xué)的范疇而進(jìn)入到生物學(xué)和經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的范疇。Active reading 1: Resources超越go beyondtranscendextendoversteptheofMorelimits/limitationboundariesscope/rangeconfinesreachDifficult sentence 1Trans

29、late the following phrases.Active reading 1: Resources超越安理會(huì)的授權(quán)范圍超越人類的知識(shí)/理解范圍exceed the authorization limits of the Security Councilgo beyond the range of human knowledge/ the reach of human understanding超越科學(xué)范圍transcend the confines of scienceextend the scope of this surveyoverstep ones authority/the

30、 limits of power超越本研究的范圍超越權(quán)限的范圍BackActive reading 1: ResourcesDifficult sentence 2I suggest that the only books that influence us are those for which we are ready, and which have gone a little further down our particular path than we have gone ourselves. (Para 6)for which we are ready: 介詞 for 置于引導(dǎo)詞前

31、，“做好了準(zhǔn)備”have gone a little further than we have gone ourselves: 比我們自己走得更遠(yuǎn)一些，此處指這些書籍的眼界比我們更高，對(duì)我們具有指導(dǎo)性。down the particular path: 沿著特殊的道路此句為復(fù)合句，由which引導(dǎo)兩個(gè)定語從句，修飾those。我認(rèn)為能影響我們的書籍是那些我們已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備要讀的書，它們只是在我們已經(jīng)選定的道路上走得比我們更遠(yuǎn)一些而已。Identify the sentence structure.Translate the sentence into Chinese.clickclickBackAc

32、tive reading 1: ResourcesDifficult sentence 3These books. and meaninglessness of an existence completely immersed in the needs and passivities fostered by a culture in which sales are everything. (Para 7)此句為由多個(gè)定語及定語從句構(gòu)成復(fù)合句，主句結(jié)構(gòu)為 These books have made it possible for me to do,to get out of the confus

33、ion and meaninglessness 為動(dòng)詞不定式構(gòu)成的形式賓語，為 it 指代的內(nèi)容。an existence 為介詞 of 的賓語，過去分詞 completely immersed in作 為后置定語，在此處再套嵌了另一個(gè)過去分詞的后置定語fostered by a culture, 修飾 the needs and passivities, 其后套嵌了第三個(gè)定語，為 which 所引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾 a culture。銷售就是一切的文化培育了人們無止境的需求和消極被動(dòng)，生活充滿了困惑和空虛，而書籍則把我從這種困惑和空虛中解脫了出來。Identify the sentence

34、structure.Translate the sentence into Chinese.clickclickBackActive reading 1: ResourcesWords to noteNew Words Phrases mysteriousnormallyinduceconfront influential foster likewise withstand1. interact with2. peace and quiet3. the very spice of life4. have something in common5. seek out6. be enchanted

35、 by7. be stimulated by8. be immersed inUseful expressionsMore1.發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)神奇的仙境1. discover a mysterious wonderland2.從現(xiàn)實(shí)世界中解放出來2. liberate from the real world 3.生活的調(diào)味品3. the very spice of life4.與其說是機(jī)會(huì)毋寧說是威脅4. appear more as a threat than an opportunity5.與他人交流5. interact with other people6.步出前門6. step out of

36、 the front door7.超越周遭的環(huán)境7. look beyond the immediate surroundings8.壯觀景象8. the striking vistasActive reading 2: ResourcesUseful expressions9.從經(jīng)典小說到最近出現(xiàn)的9. range from the classics to the most recent10.思考別樣的人生10. reflect on the other lives11.癡迷于11. be enchanted by12.感覺被排除在外12. feel excluded13.調(diào)動(dòng)情感13. s

37、timulate ones emotions14.對(duì)我們的生活方式產(chǎn)生很大的影響14. supremely influential in the way we live15.睡前故事15. bedtime story16.一直到16. all the way through toMoreActive reading 2: ResourcesUseful expressions17.對(duì)所具有的神奇的支配力17. a mystical power that sth. possess over sb.18.發(fā)現(xiàn)人生真諦18. discover the real meaning of our life

38、19.擺脫困惑和無意義 19. get out of confusion and meaninglessness20.深陷于需求和被動(dòng)中20. be immersed in needs and passivities21.創(chuàng)造了某個(gè)術(shù)語21. coin a term22.全壘打書籍22. homerun books23.擊出全壘打23. hit a home runActive reading 2: ResourcesMoreUseful expressions25.得分25. score points26.已在壘上的選手26. runners (who are) already on a b

39、ase 27.帶來愉悅和滿足27. induce pleasure and satisfaction28.瘋狂地尋求 28. desperately seek to do 29.重復(fù)體驗(yàn)?zāi)撤N感覺29. reproduce the marvelous sensation30.遏制某種渴求30. withstand the hunger to doActive reading 2: Resources24.跑完四個(gè)壘24. run round the four bases of the diamondSummaryReading is a life-changing activity. It he

40、lps us enter a new world and liberate us from the real world we come from; it stimulates our emotions and allows us enjoy and celebrate the variety and difference from books; it aids us to get out of confusion in a material world and to discover the real meaning of the life. Simply put, books are su

41、premely influential in the way we live. Homerun book might be the answer for the book that everyone should read. It describes the first reading experience that induces such pleasure and satisfaction that you cannot put it down and it may range from the classics to the most recent. Everyone is lookin

42、g for their own homerun books. And what is yours? Active reading 1: DestinationActive reading 1: Resourcesmysteriousadj. full of secrets 神秘的Translate the following sentences.Exotic, mysterious, fascinating China from time immemorial has tantalized the imagination of Western men.自遠(yuǎn)古以來，奇特、神秘、迷人的中國(guó)一直激發(fā)

43、西方人的幻想。 2. 我們居住的大地孕育著神秘的恐怖。The land we live in yet nurses mysterious terror.MoremysteriousMatch the phrases with correct words.1. the _ style of William Blake 威廉布萊克的神秘風(fēng)格2. For me, standing before the temple door as the sun rose was a _experience. 旭日東升，我站在神殿門前，體驗(yàn)到油然而生的敬畏之情。 3. A _ light came from the

44、 deserted house.廢棄的房屋里亮起了神秘的燈光。 Active reading 1: Resourcesmysterious mystical指神秘的，同時(shí)引起驚奇和好奇、而且難以解釋或無法理解的。指神秘主義的，理智無法理解、感官不能接觸的精神現(xiàn)實(shí)或含義的; 難以理解的，神秘的。mysticalmysticalmysteriousActive reading 1: Resourcesnormallyadj. in most situations or cases 通常，按照慣例Translate the following sentences.Investigations nor

45、mally take the form of a preliminary examination. 研究工作通常包括初步驗(yàn)證。 2. 出席人數(shù)一般只包括實(shí)際登記參加會(huì)議的人。Attendance figures normally include only the people who actually register for the convention. inducev. to cause something, esp. a mental or physical change 引起、導(dǎo)致Identify the meaning about “induce”.Certain chemical

46、s can induce undesirable changes in the nervous system. 一些化學(xué)物質(zhì)能在神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)中引起一些不良變化。 2. One of the principal objects was to induce the enemy to reinforce his Italian armies. 在此行動(dòng)中我們主要目的是引誘敵人增援意大利。Active reading 1: Resources 引起 v. 引誘 v.Active reading 1: Resourcesconfrontv. to deal with a difficult situatio

47、n 正視、面對(duì)、處理Complete the sentences.The difficulties that confronts usconfronted withconfront them with focus, clarity_ seem insuperable. 我們面臨的困難似乎是不可克服的.2.When _ the evidence of her guilt, she confessed. 她面對(duì)罪證供認(rèn)不諱。We will _ and courage. 我們將目標(biāo)集中地、立場(chǎng)鮮明地、勇敢地迎接這些挑戰(zhàn)。influentialadj. able to influence the wa

48、y other people think or behave 探身、彎腰、斜靠 Active reading 1: Resources有影響力的報(bào)紙an influential newspaper與有權(quán)勢(shì)的政客交好stand with an influential politician在倡導(dǎo)科學(xué)方法改革方面更有影響的是弗朗西斯培根。More influential in urging a reform of the methods of science was Francis Bacon.MoreTranslate the following phrases or sentences into

49、 English.influential1. An influential factor2. Graphic design (圖案設(shè)計(jì)) plays an increasingly influential part in societies dominated by mass media and susceptible (敏感的) to skillful packaging(裝潢). Active reading 1: ResourcesReplace “influential” with other expressions. critical/ importantimportantActiv

50、e reading 1: Resourcesfosterv. to help sth. to develop over a period of time; promote 培養(yǎng)；鼓勵(lì)；促進(jìn)Identify the meaning of “ foster” in different situations. 1. Frequent cultural exchange will certainly help foster friendly relations between our two universities. 2. We should foster capital investment in

51、 areas needing development.3. All these publicity and promotional events helped foster an innovation and technology culture in the community.促進(jìn)鼓勵(lì)培養(yǎng)MoreActive reading 1: ResourcesfosterUse the given words to reproduce the sentences we analyzed just now. 1. cultural exchange, foster, friendly relation

52、s, nations. 2. foster, capital investment, development 3. promotional events, foster, innovation, technologyclick Frequent cultural exchange will certainly help foster friendly relations between our two universities. clickWe should foster capital investment in areas needing development.clickAll thes

53、e publicity and promotional events helped foster an innovation and technology culture in the community.By his own marriage, likewise, which happened soon afterwards, he added to his wealth. 同樣，在這以后不久，由于結(jié)婚，他又增加了一筆財(cái)富。 Active reading 1: Resourceslikewiseadv. in the same way or in a similar way 同樣地2. Th

54、e stockholder bought shares in the company and advised his clients to do likewise. 股票經(jīng)紀(jì)人購(gòu)買了這家公司的股票，并且建議他的客戶也照這樣做。3. Likewise, given limited days and dollars, weve found that spending time on design provides more value to the product design process than testing. 類似地，在時(shí)間和投資都有限的情況下，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)將時(shí)間和金錢花費(fèi)在產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)程中

55、，比花費(fèi)在測(cè)試上會(huì)帶來更多價(jià)值。Be familiar with the position of “l(fā)ikewise” in sentences.clickclickclickwithstandActive reading 1: Resourcesv. to be strong enough not to be harmed or destroyed by something 承受??；對(duì)付Match the collocations of “withstand” to its translation.the lure/temptationhardshipsstormthe rigours of

56、 the worldstrain/pressureheat/high temperaturewithstand經(jīng)受住暴風(fēng)雨的襲擊忍受艱苦經(jīng)受住這個(gè)世界的考驗(yàn)經(jīng)得住誘惑耐得住高溫經(jīng)得起張力/壓力Active reading 1: Resourcesinteract withTranslate the following sentences.1. 所有事物都是互相聯(lián)系又互相作用的。 All things are interrelated and interact with each other.2. These trends will reshape the way the Chinese int

57、eract with the rest of the world over the next generation. 這些趨勢(shì)會(huì)重塑中國(guó)人和外界將來的溝通方式。 to communicate with one another, while performing an activity together 相互交流、互動(dòng)Active reading 1: Resourcespeace and quiet Translate the following sentences.And anyone favoring the tranquil idle over the agitated life in

58、the thriving center, will find peace and quiet at heart of nature in the wide Davos outdoors. 任何喜愛田園般的恬靜生活而不喜歡繁華市中心浮躁喧囂的人，都會(huì)在達(dá)沃斯廣闊的野外大自然的中心找尋到平靜與安寧。 去遠(yuǎn)離城市生活的偏僻村莊，享受不受干擾的寧?kù)o吧！Please enjoy undisturbed peace and quiet in isolated villages remote from town life.the calm quiet situation in which you are n

59、ot annoyed by noise or other people 靜謐、安靜Active reading 1: Resourcesthe (very) spice of life the extra interest or excitement of life 安靜Appreciate the following epigrams.生命的多彩在與交友。The spice of life is to befriend. 2.Stress is the spice of life, complete freedom from stress is death. 壓力是生活的調(diào)味品，徹底擺脫壓力

60、的是死亡。EpigramActive reading 1: Resourceshave something in common to have the same interests or opinions as someone else 與某人有共同點(diǎn)Combine the following sentences into one. clickhave sth. in common它們的共同之處是把娛樂、學(xué)習(xí)和機(jī)會(huì)結(jié)合在一起。 1. They have something in common. 2. They combine fun with the opportunity to learn