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1、 TOC o 1-5 h z HYPERLINK l bookmark0 o Current Document 第一章 名詞 3一、定義及種類(lèi) 3二、名詞的數(shù) 3 HYPERLINK l bookmark90 o Current Document 三、名詞所有格 6第二章冠詞 7一、相互關(guān)系流程圖 7二、冠詞的用法 7三、零冠詞的用法 8第三章代詞 9一、人稱(chēng)代詞和物主代詞梳理圖 9 HYPERLINK l bookmark120 o Current Document 二、用法 9 HYPERLINK l bookmark162 o Current Document 第四章形容詞和副詞 11

2、HYPERLINK l bookmark166 o Current Document 一、形容詞和副詞的原級(jí)、比較級(jí)、最高級(jí) 11二、比較級(jí)的用法 11 HYPERLINK l bookmark173 o Current Document 三、副詞 12 HYPERLINK l bookmark181 o Current Document 四、比較級(jí)的公式 12 HYPERLINK l bookmark185 o Current Document 五、最高級(jí)的公式 12 HYPERLINK l bookmark189 o Current Document 第五章介詞 13 HYPERLINK

3、l bookmark193 o Current Document 一、常用介詞的用法 13 HYPERLINK l bookmark211 o Current Document 第六章連詞 16 HYPERLINK l bookmark229 o Current Document 第七章數(shù)詞 17 HYPERLINK l bookmark233 o Current Document 一、基數(shù)詞 17 HYPERLINK l bookmark244 o Current Document 二、序數(shù)詞 17 HYPERLINK l bookmark237 o Current Document 三、基

4、數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞( 1-100 數(shù)列表) 18 HYPERLINK l bookmark250 o Current Document 第八章 動(dòng)詞 19一、 be 動(dòng)詞(am, is , are ; was, were; been) 19二、助動(dòng)詞 (do , does, did) 19三、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞( can, may, must, should , will , would , shall 等) . 19 HYPERLINK l bookmark280 o Current Document 四、行為動(dòng)詞 19 HYPERLINK l bookmark288 o Current Document

5、五、動(dòng)詞的基本形式和第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式 20六、動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式 20七、現(xiàn)在分詞 20八、動(dòng)詞用法公式 21 HYPERLINK l bookmark60 o Current Document 第九章 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài) 22第一節(jié) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 22 HYPERLINK l bookmark315 o Current Document 一、構(gòu)成 22二、功能 22 HYPERLINK l bookmark342 o Current Document 三、句型轉(zhuǎn)換 22 HYPERLINK l bookmark311 o Current Document 第二節(jié)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 23 HYPERLINK l bo

6、okmark350 o Current Document 一、構(gòu)成: 23二、動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成 23三、動(dòng)詞+ing 的變化規(guī)則 23 HYPERLINK l bookmark364 o Current Document 四、句型轉(zhuǎn)換 23 HYPERLINK l bookmark330 o Current Document 第三節(jié)一般過(guò)去時(shí) 24 HYPERLINK l bookmark334 o Current Document 一、構(gòu)成 24二、動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式變化規(guī)則 24三、句型轉(zhuǎn)換 24 HYPERLINK l bookmark344 o Current Document 第四節(jié)一般將來(lái)

7、時(shí) 25一、構(gòu)成 25 HYPERLINK l bookmark352 o Current Document 二、 be going to 和 will 區(qū)別 25 HYPERLINK l bookmark366 o Current Document 第十章 句型 26 HYPERLINK l bookmark368 o Current Document 一、陳述句 26 HYPERLINK l bookmark386 o Current Document 二、疑問(wèn)句 26 HYPERLINK l bookmark396 o Current Document 三、祈使句 27 HYPERLIN

8、K l bookmark404 o Current Document 四、感嘆句 27there be 的結(jié)構(gòu) 28“WK的疑問(wèn)句 28 HYPERLINK l bookmark422 o Current Document 練習(xí)(附答案) 30第一章 名詞一、定義及種類(lèi)名詞 是指表示人和事物名稱(chēng)的詞,可以分為 專(zhuān)有名詞 和 普通名詞 兩大類(lèi)。、 專(zhuān)有名詞 :特定的人、地方、機(jī)構(gòu)等專(zhuān)有的名稱(chēng)。 第一個(gè)字母通常要大寫(xiě)e.g. Jim Green, New York, Bank of China , Peking University星期、月份、節(jié)日、學(xué)科、報(bào)刊名 也是專(zhuān)有名詞。e.g. Monda

9、y , May , Christmas, Spring Festival, Maths , China Daily、 普通名詞 :表示一類(lèi)人或物或抽象概念的名稱(chēng)。普通名詞又可以分為四類(lèi)個(gè)體名詞表示某類(lèi)人或東西中的個(gè)體,如:student , desk集體名詞表示若干個(gè)體組成的集合體,如:class , family物質(zhì)名詞 表示無(wú)法分為個(gè)體的物質(zhì)名稱(chēng),如: water , rice , sand , hair抽象名詞 表示情感,狀態(tài),品質(zhì)等抽象名稱(chēng),如: love , carelessness二、名詞的數(shù)1 、名詞分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞個(gè)體名詞和集體名詞多數(shù)可以用數(shù)目來(lái)計(jì)算,稱(chēng)為可數(shù)名詞,有

10、單、復(fù)數(shù)形式;物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞通常無(wú)法用數(shù)目計(jì)算,稱(chēng)為不可數(shù)名詞,一般只有一種形式。注意:集體名詞被看作一個(gè)整體 時(shí),表達(dá)單數(shù)概念。e.g. His family was well known in the town.他家在鎮(zhèn)里是名門(mén)望族。集體名詞被看作 若干個(gè)體的集合 時(shí),表達(dá)復(fù)數(shù)概念。e.g. His family are waiting for him. 她的家人正在等他。集體名詞表達(dá)多個(gè)集體時(shí),也有復(fù)數(shù)形式。e.g. Our village is made up of 300 families.我們村有 300 戶(hù)人家。不可數(shù)名詞的類(lèi)別類(lèi)別例詞含有抽象概念的詞advice, ange

11、r, courage由同類(lèi)物品構(gòu)成的整體clothing , fruit , mail微小顆粒hair, rice, sugar液體beer, milk, tea氣體air, smoke固體材料cloth , wood , glass飲食材料bread , meat, fish學(xué)科及語(yǔ)言Chinese, English, history娛樂(lè)活動(dòng)football , tennis , swimming自然現(xiàn)象snow , wind , rain2、可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的用法區(qū)別(1)可數(shù)名詞可以被不定冠詞a或an修飾有復(fù)數(shù)形式,而不可數(shù)名詞不能被不定冠詞a或an修飾,沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式many+可數(shù)名

12、詞復(fù)數(shù)much/a little+不可數(shù)名詞some, any , a lot of (lots of) 兩者都可以修飾。(2)可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的量的表示可數(shù)名詞可以直接用數(shù)詞來(lái)修飾注:不可數(shù)名詞?數(shù),+量詞+of +名詞對(duì)可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量提問(wèn)用how many對(duì)不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量提問(wèn)用how much不可數(shù)名詞的量有以下兩種表示方法:some, much ,a little ,a lot of? ,a bit of , plenty of用等表示多少。注意既可以與可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),又可以與不可數(shù)名詞連用的有:plenty of ,some ,a 10t of ,lots of? ,most of

13、用單位詞表示(如 a . of )如果表達(dá)兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的概念時(shí),量詞需要用復(fù)數(shù)形式,不可數(shù)名詞不變e.g. a bottle of water , a cup of coffee , two glasses of milk , five bags of rice這種形式用于 可數(shù)名詞 時(shí),量詞和可數(shù)名詞都要用復(fù)數(shù)。e.g. ten baskets of eggs3、可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則:(1)可數(shù)名詞規(guī)則的復(fù)數(shù)形式(2)可數(shù)名詞不規(guī)則的復(fù)數(shù)形式形式例詞由兀音字母的變化構(gòu)成man men ; foot feet; tooth teeth mousemice; woman women詞尾發(fā)

14、生變化(詞尾加 en)child children ; ox oxen單、復(fù)數(shù)形式相同fish fish; sheep sheep deer deerRsh表示魚(yú)的數(shù)量時(shí),單復(fù)數(shù)同形;表示魚(yú)的 種類(lèi)時(shí),復(fù)數(shù)為fishes 0J巾sh作為魚(yú)肉時(shí)是不可數(shù)名詞,沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)。Jishes指各種不同種類(lèi)魚(yú)或指幾條魚(yú)。 this (這個(gè))-these (這些);that (那個(gè))-those (哪些);I (我)-we (我們) he (他)、she (她)、it (它)-they (他、她、它們);am、is are 是(3)、既可用作可數(shù),又可用作不可數(shù)的名詞:不可數(shù)名詞可數(shù)名詞glass玻璃a gla

15、ss一只玻璃杯paper紙a paper一份報(bào)紙、論文、文件iron鐵a iron一個(gè)熨斗wood木頭a wood一片森林beauty美a beauty一個(gè)美人room空間a room一個(gè)房間(4)、特殊的復(fù)數(shù)形式一單數(shù)形式代表復(fù)數(shù)含義記彳2個(gè)單詞:people (人),police (警察、警察部門(mén)、警方)people (人)these people 或者 two people , 只能說(shuō) a personpeople (民族)可加s,可用不定冠詞 a修飾三、名詞所有格1、所有格的形式2、雙重所有格的結(jié)構(gòu)名詞sa (this/that/some ) +名詞+ of + y名詞型物主代詞 on

16、es own第二章冠詞一、相互關(guān)系流程圖二、冠詞的用法(一)、不定冠詞a, an的用法不定冠詞a, an用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 前面,泛指一類(lèi)人或物中的任何一個(gè)。a用于 輔音音素開(kāi)頭的名詞之前。e.g. a bed, a computer, a Uan用于元音音素開(kāi)頭的名詞之前。e.g. an egg, an umbrella , an hour(二)、定冠詞the的用法.表示特指的人或物前。The man with a flower in his hand is Jack.指說(shuō)話(huà)人雙方都知道的人或物前。Lily, close the door, please.在上文提到過(guò),第二次又提到的人或物前。

17、There is a man under the tree. The man is called James.用在序數(shù)詞前面。It is the first day of the new term.用在形容詞最高級(jí)前。Spring is the best season in a year.用在由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專(zhuān)有名詞前。I went to the Great Wall last week.用在國(guó)家名稱(chēng)的縮寫(xiě)前。He is from the UK.三、零冠詞的用法第三章代詞一、人稱(chēng)代詞和物主代詞梳理圖二、用法1、人稱(chēng)代詞:表示 我、你、他、她、它、我們、你們、他們”的詞。主格一般用在句子開(kāi)頭做主

18、語(yǔ),通常用在動(dòng)詞前。e.g. I am a student. They are cleaning the classroom.賓格可以用來(lái)表示動(dòng)作行為的對(duì)象,一般用在動(dòng)詞和介詞后面。e.g. Ask her, please. Listen to me carefully.2、物主代詞:表示所有關(guān)系的代詞叫物主代詞。形容詞性物主代詞后面一般要帶上名詞,指 某人的什么”。如: my watch, hjs cousin, our school名詞性物主代詞本身就可以看作是名詞,故其后不能再加名詞,可單獨(dú)使用。指某人的”e.g. Is that your bike ? -No. Mine is blu

19、e.3、不定代詞:沒(méi)有明確指定代替某個(gè)(些)人或物的詞叫不定代詞。 some 和 any都表示工些”,既可以修飾可數(shù)名詞,也可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞。some多用在肯定句中,any多用在否定句和疑問(wèn)句中。e.g. There are some flowers in the garden.(肯定句)There isn anyt milk in the fridge.(否定句)Do you have any hobbies? (疑問(wèn)句) 在表示邀請(qǐng)和希望對(duì)方給予肯定回答 的疑問(wèn)句中也要用 some。e.g. Would you like some coffee? Yes, please.(邀請(qǐng))Mum,

20、 can I have some peaches? Sure.(希望對(duì)方給予肯定回答)both 和 allboth表示 兩個(gè)都;只指代或修飾可數(shù)名詞。e.g. We are both policemen.(強(qiáng)調(diào)兩人)all表示 豈個(gè)或三個(gè)以上都 ;既可指代或修飾可數(shù)名詞,也可指代或修飾不可數(shù)名詞。e.g. They are all in the room.(至少三人)many和much都表示 許多,many修飾可數(shù)名詞,much修飾不可數(shù)名詞。e.g. My uncle has many stamps. There is much tea in the cup.each 和 everyeach

21、強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)人,指兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的人或事物中的每個(gè);every是指許多人或事物的全體”,與all的意思相近。e.g. I ll buy a present for each of her parents.我要為她的父母每人買(mǎi)一件禮物。Every book in his study is interesting.他書(shū)房里的每本書(shū)都很有趣。other作形容詞時(shí)意思是其他的,指尚未提到的部分,其后一般接復(fù)數(shù)名詞。e.g. We study Chinese, English, Maths and other subjects.something 和 everything something 某事; 某物 e

22、.g. I want something to drink. everything 一切事物;每樣事物e.g. Tell me everything about you. nobody 沒(méi)有人 e.g. She likes nobody and nobody likes her.4、疑問(wèn)代詞:用來(lái)表達(dá)疑問(wèn)或構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)句的代詞,一般放在疑問(wèn)句的句首。what問(wèn)什么- What s your name ?My name is Tom.What colour問(wèn)顏色What colour is your coat? It s red.what day問(wèn)星期What day is it today? It

23、 s Monday.what date問(wèn)日期What date is it today? - It s the first of June.what shape:問(wèn)形狀 What shape is the moon? It s round.what job問(wèn)工作-What s your father s-jeb?s a bus driver.what time問(wèn)時(shí)間What time is it? It s ten o clock.when問(wèn)時(shí)候When is your birthday? It s on the first of May.which問(wèn)哪個(gè)Which is your watch

24、, this one or that one? That one.where問(wèn)地點(diǎn)Where is my pen? It s on the floor.who問(wèn)誰(shuí)Who is the boy with big eyes? He s Liu Tao.whose問(wèn)誰(shuí)的Whose bag is this? It s Helen s.why問(wèn)原因Why are you absent today? I m ill.howr問(wèn)方式-How do you go to school? By bus.how many問(wèn)數(shù)量-How many books are there? There are five.how

25、 much問(wèn)價(jià)錢(qián)-How much is it?Twenty yuan.how old問(wèn)年齡-How old are you? I m twelve.how far問(wèn)距離-How far is it from here? It s about one kilometer.how about問(wèn)情況一I m thirstyow about you? Me, too.5、指示代詞this (這個(gè))、these (這些)表示在時(shí)間上或空間上較近的人或物。that (那個(gè))、those (那些)表示在時(shí)間上或空間上較遠(yuǎn)的人或物。第四章形容詞和副詞形容詞用來(lái)修飾名詞或代詞,表示人或事物的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征。

26、它的位置通常放在被修飾的名 詞前,也可以放在 be動(dòng)詞和look、feel、taste、sound、get之后。一、形容詞和副詞的原級(jí)、比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)二、比較級(jí)的用法5.三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人或物進(jìn)行比較,用形容詞最高級(jí)。結(jié)構(gòu)為:the +形容詞最高級(jí) +in/of等表示范圍的短語(yǔ),表示 最oe.g. Autumn is t he best season in New York.She isthe tallest girl of our three.三、副詞1、副詞是一種用來(lái)修飾 動(dòng)詞或形容詞的詞,說(shuō)明時(shí)間、程度、方式等概念。大多數(shù)副詞都可以放在 動(dòng)詞后面。e.g. dance beautiful

27、ly , listen carefully , sit quietly , speak loudly , very happy2、副詞的比較級(jí)變化規(guī)則與形容詞比較級(jí)基本相同,以 ly結(jié)尾的副詞一般用 more。e.g. more carefully , more quietly形容詞用來(lái)修飾名詞或代詞,表示人或事物的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征。它的位置通常放在被修飾的名詞前, 也可以放在 be動(dòng)詞和look、feel、taste、sound、get之后。四、比較級(jí)的公式1、A+連系動(dòng)詞+形容詞的比較級(jí)+than+B2、A+連系動(dòng)詞+形容詞的比較級(jí)+than+any other+名詞單數(shù)+of/in3、N

28、o other +名詞單數(shù)+of/in+連系動(dòng)詞+形容詞的比較級(jí)+than+B4、A+連系動(dòng)詞+數(shù)字+單位+形容詞的比較級(jí)+than+B5、There be +形容詞的比較級(jí) +名詞+A地+than+B地6、Who/Which+行為動(dòng)詞+副詞的比較級(jí),A or B?7、A+行為動(dòng)詞+副詞的比較級(jí)+than+B8、A+程度副詞(如:very, rather)+形容詞的比較級(jí) +than+B五、最高級(jí)的公式1、A+連系動(dòng)詞+the+形容詞的最高級(jí)+in/of2、one of+the+形容詞的最高級(jí)+名詞的復(fù)數(shù)第五章介詞介詞又叫前置詞,是一種用來(lái)表示詞與詞、詞與句之間關(guān)系的詞。它不能單獨(dú)作句子成分,

29、常位 于名詞或代詞(或與之相當(dāng)?shù)钠渌~類(lèi)、短語(yǔ)、從句)前面構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)。介詞后面的成分作介詞的 賓語(yǔ)。方位介詞in, on, at, under, to, behind , beside, near, beforein front of , next to , between時(shí)間介詞in, on, at, after, before, from.to,past, between其他of, by, with , into , out of, for一、常用介詞的用法1、in 在里面。如:inJhe classroomin+顏色,穿著顏色的衣服。如: Who s the marin white?i

30、n +語(yǔ)言,用某種語(yǔ)言說(shuō) 。如: What s thisn English?在上午、下午、 晚上 。 如:in the morning , in the afternoon , in the evening在年、月、季節(jié)前 。如:in 2008, in August, in summer在國(guó)家、城市和較大的地方前。如:in China, in Wuxi, in the playground固定搭配。 如:in the middle of (在 中間),do well in (擅長(zhǎng)),in the day (在白天),take part in (參加),stay in bed (躺在床上),in

31、 the street (在街上)in用于大地點(diǎn)(國(guó)家、城鎮(zhèn)、街道、幾零幾室)2、on在上面。 如:on the desk用在某一天(上、下午)前 。如:on the 5th of May, on Sunday, on Monday morning以 Day 結(jié)尾的節(jié)日前。如: on Children s DayNew Year s Day固定搭配。如:on foot (步行),on duty (值日),put on (穿上),get on (上車(chē))turn on (打開(kāi)),on the right / left (在右邊/左邊),on the wall (在墻上),on ZhongshanR

32、oad (在中山路上)注 意:樹(shù)上長(zhǎng)的水果 用on the tree ;不是樹(shù)上長(zhǎng)的外來(lái)物 用in the tree。如:I can see a lot of apples on the tree. There is a boy in the tree.on用于“街路;樓面”3、at在某個(gè)時(shí)刻前。如:at seven o clock在傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日 前。如:at Spring Festival, at Mid-Autumn Festival , at Christmas在較小的地點(diǎn)。如:at the bus stop固定搭配。如: at once (立刻,馬上),be good at (擅長(zhǎng)),lo

33、ok at (看),at home (在家),atschool (在學(xué)校),at weekends (在周末),at the back of (在 后部)對(duì)準(zhǔn);朝 目標(biāo);攻擊。如:The dog ran at the cat.at用于門(mén)牌號(hào)碼(幾號(hào))4、under 在下面如: There is a cat under the table.5、behind 在后面如: There is an umbrella behind the door.6、near 靠近如: There is a park near my house.7、beside 在旁邊如: The students are stan

34、ding beside the teacher.8、next to 緊靠旁邊如: The teachers office is next to our classroom.9、before(時(shí)間上)在之前如: before class (上課前)10、after(時(shí)間上)在之后;依照固定搭配:after class (課后),after school (放學(xué)后),look after (照看),run after (追趕),read afterme (跟我讀)11、between 在兩者之間如: There are some trees between Building A and Build

35、ing B.12、by乘某種交通工具如:by bus, by plane, by the way (順便說(shuō)一下) 不遲于,在(某時(shí))前 如:He will come by six oclock.在.間,在的時(shí)候 如:I dont like travelling by night.13、frombe from = come from (來(lái)自 ) 如: Mr Smiths is/comes from Australia.from - to (從至U ) We go to school from Monday to Friday.14、to至U、去如:Let s go to the zo涸定搭配:w

36、rite to (給 xx 寫(xiě)信)15、about 關(guān)于;大約如:I want to buy a book about animals. It s about one kilometer away.16、for 為、給 如:Here s a letter for you. What s for breakfast? (年、月、日、時(shí)等) 之久 如:I have been here for three days. 固定搭配:look for (尋找),wait for (等候)17、with 與一起。 如:I ll go shopping with my mother. 具有某種特征。如:Who

37、 s the boy with big eyes? help. with.在某方面幫助某人如: Can you help me with my English? play with. 和一起 玩; 拿玩 如:play with me , play with a yo-yo18、in front of 在前面如: There is a tree in front of the classroom.in the front of 在前部如:There is a blackboard in the front of the classroom.19、along 沿著,順著如: Go along th

38、is street.20、as 作為 如:What would you like as a birthday present?out of 從出來(lái);往 之夕卜 如:The dog is running out of the house.of 的,屬于 如:a map of China , a map of the world23、off 離開(kāi),在之外 如:keep off the grass (勿踏草坪),get off (下車(chē))24、up 向上 如:stand up (起立),pull up carrots (拔胡蘿卜)down 向下 如:sit down (坐下),jump up and

39、down (上下跳)第六章連詞連詞,顧名思義,是一種起連接作用的詞。1、and和,表示并列關(guān)系。如:There are some desks and chairs in the classroom.2、but但是,表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。如: You can skate well, but_ I can t .3、or還是,表示選擇關(guān)系。如: Would you like a glass of milk or a_cup of tea?注意:在疑問(wèn)句或否定句中,當(dāng)表示并列關(guān)系時(shí),不用and,而用or。如:Do you have any brothers or sjsters?I don t have a

40、ny brothers or sisters.4、than 比”,表示對(duì)比關(guān)系。如:Su Hai jumps farther than Su Yang.5、because因?yàn)椤?,表示因果關(guān)系。如:I like summer best because I can go swimming.6、so所以”,表示結(jié)果關(guān)系。如:Helen was ill , so_ she didn t go to school yesterday.第七章數(shù)詞表示數(shù)目的詞稱(chēng)為基數(shù)詞。表示數(shù)目順序的詞稱(chēng)為序數(shù)詞。、基數(shù)詞注:英語(yǔ)中沒(méi)有 萬(wàn)”這個(gè)單位,所以常用thousand來(lái)表示.、序數(shù)詞三、基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞(1-100數(shù)

41、列表)1、基數(shù)詞1one11eleven21twenty-one2two12twelve22twenty-two3three13thirteen30thirty4four14fourteen40forty5five15fifteen50fifty6six16sixteen60sixty7seven17seventeen70seventy8eight18eighteen80eighty9nine19nineteen90ninety10ten20twenty100hundred注意:數(shù)字“0可以讀作“zero,”也可以讀作字母&2、序數(shù)詞1stfirst11theleventh21sttwenty

42、-first2ndsecond12thtwelfth22ndtwenty-second3rdthird13ththirteenth30ththirtieth4thfourth14thfourteenth40thfortieth5thfifth15thfifteenth50thfiftieth6thsixth16thsixteenth60thsixtieth7thseventh17thseventeenth70thseventieth8theighth18theighteenth80theightieth9thninth19thnineteenth90thninetieth10thtenth20

43、thtwentieth100thhundredth基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞記憶口訣、二、三,特別記,結(jié)尾字母t、d、d;八省t,九減e; “ve”要被“ f”替ty“先把y變 I”; “th”前面要加“ e”。第八章動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞主要表示動(dòng)作,其次表示狀態(tài)或性質(zhì),有時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣等形式的變化。小學(xué)階段所涉及的動(dòng)詞有:實(shí)義動(dòng)詞、be動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 can、must等一、be 動(dòng)詞(am, is , are; was, were; been)be動(dòng)詞做謂語(yǔ)時(shí),要與主語(yǔ)在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)上保持一致。用法口訣:我用am,你用are , is用在他、她、它,復(fù)數(shù)全用are。如:I am a teacher.You are a

44、 student. She is_a nurse. We are Chinese.be 動(dòng)詞的否定形式:am not(無(wú)縮寫(xiě)形式),is not = isn , tare not=aren t二、助動(dòng)詞(do , does, did)1、do , does用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),does用于第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù),其他人稱(chēng)和數(shù)用do。其過(guò)去式did用于一般過(guò)去時(shí)。他們通常用在疑問(wèn)句和否定句中。助動(dòng)詞后動(dòng)詞要用原形。如:Do you like this film?Does she like playing football?I didn go to school yesterday.否定形式: do not =

45、don ; does not =doesntdid not=didn t三、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(can, may must, should , will , would, shall 等)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示說(shuō)話(huà)人對(duì)某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的態(tài)度,表示可能“,可以“,需要“,必須“,應(yīng)當(dāng)”等意思。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化,后面的動(dòng)詞要用原形。1、can和may都可以用來(lái)表示請(qǐng)求或允許,但may比can更正式,更客氣些。如: Can I use your pen?May I come in ?2、must 和 shouldmust意為 必須,應(yīng)當(dāng):含有一種命令的語(yǔ)氣,比較生硬,不容商量。should意為應(yīng)當(dāng),應(yīng)該”,表示

46、建議或勸告,語(yǔ)氣比較委婉,客氣。如: You must finish your homework before you go to bed.You should stay in bed and have a good rest.3、will和would用于疑問(wèn)句,表示說(shuō)話(huà)人向?qū)Ψ教岢稣?qǐng)求或詢(xún)問(wèn),用would比will更委婉,更客氣。如: Will you please open the window ? Would you like some coffee?注意區(qū)別:I d like 我想要(接名詞) 如:I d like some tea.I d like to我想要做(接動(dòng)詞原形)如:I

47、d like to go with you.I like 我喜歡(接名詞或動(dòng)名詞)如: I like monkeys. I like reading.shall在問(wèn)句中表示征求對(duì)方的意見(jiàn),主要用于第一人稱(chēng)。如:Shall we go there by bus?5、否定形式: can ,t may not , mustn ,t shouldn ,twouldn ,t shall not四、行為動(dòng)詞行為動(dòng)詞也叫實(shí)意動(dòng)詞,是具有實(shí)際意義的動(dòng)詞。如 run (跑),jump (跳),listen (聽(tīng)),sing (唱),eat (吃),think (想)等。行為動(dòng)詞在句子中有人稱(chēng)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化。在英語(yǔ)

48、中,不同時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),需要用不同的動(dòng)詞形式來(lái)表現(xiàn),這就叫 時(shí)態(tài)。五、動(dòng)詞的基本形式和第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式圖為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式圖為動(dòng)詞的基本形式(一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))動(dòng)詞be和have的第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)現(xiàn)在時(shí)分別是is和has六、動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式七、現(xiàn)在分詞八、動(dòng)詞用法公式I 、V.+doing如:1、finish doing2、 see sb. 形容詞+doing 介詞+doingdoing如:如:be busy doingwhat about doingH、V.+to do如:1、ask sb.todo2、learn todo3、be + 形容詞 + to do 如:be happy to do

49、4、It is + 形容詞 +for sb. + to do5、It is + 名詞 +for sb. + to do6、It takes sb. some time to do7、It is time for sb. to do田、V.+do這類(lèi)基本是使役動(dòng)詞,譯為“使,讓”如:let sb. domake sb. do使得某人做某事have sb. do(PS: sb.是somebody的縮寫(xiě),do或者doing后面基本跟 sth.)第九章動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)是表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生或存在的時(shí)間和表示的一種動(dòng)詞形式。小學(xué)階段所學(xué)的時(shí)態(tài)有:第一節(jié)般現(xiàn)在時(shí)定義:表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)。句中

50、通常有usually, often , every day, sometimes ,always , at weekends , on Sundays 等表示經(jīng)常性時(shí)間的短語(yǔ)。一、構(gòu)成:(詳見(jiàn)上章中“動(dòng)詞的基本形式和第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式的圖表”)1、當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)是be動(dòng)詞時(shí),一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成:主語(yǔ)+ be動(dòng)詞+其他如:I am a student. He is Jim s father. They are from Japan.2、當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)是 行為動(dòng)詞時(shí),一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成:主語(yǔ)(非第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù))+動(dòng)詞原形+其他如:I often watch TV at the weekends.Mr Green and

51、Mrs Green like collecting stamps.主語(yǔ)(第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù))+動(dòng)詞的第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式+其他如:Jim usually visits his grandparents on Sundays.She sometimes goes to the park with her mother.二、功能三、句型轉(zhuǎn)換第二節(jié)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)定義:通常表示說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)或現(xiàn)階段正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行著的動(dòng)作。它所表示的動(dòng)作具有持續(xù)性、暫時(shí)性和未完成性。常見(jiàn)的與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)有關(guān)的詞有now , these days , look , listen等。如:I am washing clothes now.Look!

52、 Liu Tao is climbing the tree.Listen! Jane is singing in the music room.一、構(gòu)成:be動(dòng)詞(am/is/are ) +動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞(V-ing)二、動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成:(詳見(jiàn)上章中“現(xiàn)在分詞的圖表”)卜般是在動(dòng)詞原形后加ing 一如:read-reading , drink-drinking , eat-eating , look-lookingI以不發(fā)音的 e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,去掉 e,再加ing如: write-writing , make-making , ride-riding , take-taking|以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾

53、,如末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母,要雙寫(xiě)這個(gè)字母,再加 ing如: sit-sitting , swim-swimming , put-putting , run-running , stop-stopping , get-getting , begin-beginning , jog-jogging , forget-forgetting動(dòng)名詞其實(shí)就是動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞,它既有名詞性質(zhì)(可作主語(yǔ)),又有動(dòng)詞性質(zhì)(可帶賓語(yǔ))。如: Asking the wayMy hobby is collecting stamps.He is good at skating.三、動(dòng)詞+ing的變化規(guī)則四、句型轉(zhuǎn)換第三節(jié)

54、一般過(guò)去時(shí)定義:通常表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),其中也包括習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。常與表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用:yesterday , last. , .ago , just now 等。、構(gòu)成主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式其他二、動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式變化規(guī)則(詳見(jiàn)上章中“ 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式的圖表” )不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式三、句型轉(zhuǎn)換第四節(jié) 一般將來(lái)時(shí)定義:表示將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況常與一些表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用: tomorrow , next. 。一、構(gòu)成:be gong to + 動(dòng)詞原形如: I am going to see a Beijing opera tomorrow.We are going to meet

55、at bus stop at half past ten.Dad and I are going to see a Beijing opera this afternoon.will + 動(dòng)詞原形如: They will go swimming this afternoon.二、 be going to 和 will 區(qū)別: be going to 表示主體現(xiàn)在打算在最近或?qū)?lái)要做某事:也可以表示“預(yù)見(jiàn)” ,即現(xiàn)在已有跡象表明將要發(fā)生或即將發(fā)生某種情況; will 則表示有可能去做,但不一定發(fā)生,也常表示說(shuō)話(huà)人的臨時(shí)決定。如: I am going to take part in a part

56、y this evening.They are cleaning the library now. I ll go and join them.be going to表示近期或眼下就要發(fā)生的事情;will表示的將來(lái)時(shí)間則較遠(yuǎn)一些。如:He is goingto write a letter tomorrow. I will meet her one day.be going to 還可以用來(lái)表示有跡象表明某件事將要發(fā)生, 常用于天氣等自然現(xiàn)象。 如: Look! It going to rain.三、句型轉(zhuǎn)換第十章 句型一、陳述句) 肯定陳述句) 否定陳述句) 肯定陳述句一般是在說(shuō)明事實(shí)或陳述

57、說(shuō)話(huà)人觀(guān)點(diǎn)的句子?;窘Y(jié)構(gòu):主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)其他We all like pandas very much.He doesn t do housework at weekends改 否定陳述句be 動(dòng)詞 或 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后加 not 。Mary was at school yesterday. Mary was not at school yesterday.I can make a model plane. I can not make a model plane.不含 be 動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的,行為動(dòng)詞前要用助動(dòng)詞的否定式(don t , doesn t , didn t ) ,后面跟動(dòng)詞的原形。He l

58、ikes drawing pictures. He doesn t like drawing pictures.I went to the park yesterday. I didn t go to the park yesterday.4 ) 陳述句改 一般疑問(wèn)句 有 be 動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的,把be 動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞提前。Mary was at school yesterday. Was Mary at school yesterday?I can make a model plane. Can you make a model plane? 不含be 動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的句子,借助助動(dòng)詞開(kāi)頭,

59、動(dòng)詞還原成原形。He likes drawing pictures. Does he like drawing pictures.I went to the park yesterday. Did you go to the park yesterday?二、疑問(wèn)句用來(lái)提出問(wèn)題,詢(xún)問(wèn)情況的句子,末尾用問(wèn)號(hào)。1 ) 一般疑問(wèn)句: 一般疑問(wèn)句常用來(lái)詢(xún)問(wèn)一件事是否屬實(shí),通常以 be 動(dòng)詞,助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞開(kāi)頭, 用 yes 或 no 來(lái)回答,因此又叫是非疑問(wèn)句,通常讀升調(diào)。 Is Mr Green from the UK? Do you have any hobbies? Can you play the guitar?2 ) 特殊疑問(wèn)句: 以特殊疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo), Yes , he is. / No , he isn t. Yes , I do. / No , I don t. Yes , I can. / No , I can t.要求回答具體問(wèn)題, 不能用 yes 或 no 來(lái)回答。How do you goto work every day? I go to work by car.3

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