名詞的用法及歸納

1、精品文檔名詞的用法及歸納名詞：表示人、事物或抽象概念的名稱的詞 一、名詞的分類類別用法例詞“通名 b表示一類人、或東西、或 個(gè)抽象概念的名詞可數(shù)名詞個(gè)體名詞表示某類人或東西中的個(gè)體pen, student, desk, book, bike集體名詞表示若干個(gè)個(gè)體組成的集合體family, class, people, school個(gè)pj數(shù)名詞物質(zhì)名詞表示無法分為個(gè)體的實(shí)物air, water, paper抽象名詞表示動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)、感情等抽象概念work, time, news專有名 b表示某個(gè)（些）人、地方、機(jī)構(gòu)等專有的名稱（注意：這類詞的中心詞的第一個(gè)字母要大寫）翻譯：長城；湯姆；中國二

2、、名詞的數(shù)1.可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式。復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成:變形規(guī)則寫出以下詞語的復(fù)數(shù)形式1、一般情況卜，在詞尾加 sbook f2、ch, sh, s, x .+ eswatch f,box f3、o+ es （動(dòng)植物）tomato f,potato fo+ s（非動(dòng)植物）photo f,radio f4、兀首子母(a, e, i, o, u ) + y + sboy f; holiday f; mon key f（輔音字母）.+ y f .iesstudy f;technology f5、f, fef veswife f .:leaf f6、雙重復(fù)數(shù)變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)： a woman nurse

3、f 變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)： a man doctor f國民的復(fù)數(shù)形式：國別復(fù)數(shù)形式Chinese / Japanese仲日）Englishman / Frenchm an/（英法）American/ Australian/ German, etc./ /（其他）2.不可數(shù)名詞一般沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，若表示確定數(shù)量時(shí)，一般用“數(shù)詞+量詞+ of +不可數(shù)名詞”【例題】翻譯以下詞組：兩杯水：;兩條新聞：兩張紙：;幾片面包：兩袋大米：;3.有些名詞既可作可數(shù)名詞也可作不可數(shù)名詞，但詞義有所不同。小引數(shù)名詞詞義可數(shù)名詞詞義不可數(shù)名詞詞義可數(shù)名詞詞義fruit果fruitsfood食物foodsfishfishesdr

4、ink飲料、酒a drinkcloth布a clothsand沙sandschicken雞肉a chickenorange精品文檔橘汁an orangeglassglassespaper紙a paperwood木頭woodsroom空間a room4.數(shù)量的表示:修飾可數(shù)名詞a few一點(diǎn)蘋果：（肯定）few（幾乎沒有）一點(diǎn)蘋果：（否定）many許多人：a (great) number of大量學(xué)生：修飾不可數(shù)名詞a little一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)面包：（肯定）little（幾乎沒有）一點(diǎn)面包：（否定）much許多大米：(large) amounts of大量的水資源：a great deal of許多錢

5、：既修飾可數(shù)名詞又修 飾不可數(shù)名詞a lot of = lots of許多羊：（只用于肯定）plenty of大里的缶息：some一些故事：any一些錯(cuò)誤：enough足夠的食物：三、名詞的所有格.有生命的名詞所有格，以及表示時(shí)間、距離、城鎮(zhèn)、國家等的名詞所有格： TOC o 1-5 h z 不是以s結(jié)尾的名詞變成所有格時(shí)，在詞尾加。例題:麥克的手表： 以s結(jié)尾的名詞變成所有格時(shí)，只加例題:老師們的辦公室： ;兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上名詞并列，表示共同所有，只需在最后一個(gè)名詞后加。例題:湯姆和麥克的房間： ;杰克和瑪麗的姐姐： 兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上名詞并列，表示分別所有，需在幾個(gè)名詞后都加。例題:瑪麗的自行車

6、和湯姆的自行車： 湯姆的姐姐和麥克的姐姐：在表示“店鋪、某某家、診所”的名詞所有格后面，一般省去被修飾的名詞。例題:在他弟弟家： 在史密斯先生家：;用所有格表示時(shí)間或距離的方法：例題:開車十分鐘的路程： ;一個(gè)月的假期： 兩周的工作：用所有格表示節(jié)日的方法。如： TeachersDay ； Childrens Day注意：除了父親節(jié)和母親節(jié)（ Mother s Day、Father s Day ）,其他節(jié)日都用 名詞復(fù)數(shù)的所有格 表示?！纠}】：婦女節(jié)：；兒童節(jié)：；2.無生命的事物的名詞所有格，常用of結(jié)構(gòu)。例題:一張中國地圖： ;這個(gè)游戲的開始 ;這個(gè)房間的門：3. 特殊形式：C. shee

7、ps, foxesC. letter boxC. leafC. appleC. i nformatio nC. chicke nsC. roomsC. woodenC. Japa nese, Germa nsC.JapaneseC. woma n teachersC. woma n driversD sheep, foxsD letters boxD leaveD pearD storiesD the chicke nD the roomD . woodsD Japa nese, Germe nsD America nD wome n teacherD wome n drivers精品文檔1）

8、可用和of短語表示的名詞所有格：【例題】：用 of短語表示：the boy s name= ;China s populatio 2）雙重所有格。例題:我媽媽的一個(gè)朋友： ;湯姆的一張照片： 練習(xí)選擇題A:（數(shù)）In the picture there are many and two.A. sheep, foxesB. sheeps, foxIn Brita in,are all pain ted red.A. letter boxesB. letters boxesPlease remember to give the horse some tree.A. leafsB. leavesCa

9、n we have some ?Yes, please.A.bananaB. oran gesThey got muchfrom those new books.A. ideasB. photosWhat would you like to have for lun ch, sir?一Id like.A. chicke nB. a chicke nChildre n should make for old people in a bus.A. roomB. a roomTables are made ofA. woodB. some woodsThere are fourand twoin t

10、he group.A. Japa nese, GermenB. Japa neses, Germe nA group ofwill visit the museum tomorrow.A. Hun garia nB. Australia nThere are sixty-seve n in our school.A. wome ns teacherB. wome n teachersThere are five in our factory.A. woma n driverB. wome n driver一Would you like tea?No, tha nks. I have drunk

11、 two A. any, bottles of orange B. some, bottles of orange 14. He is hungry. Give him to eat.A. two breadsB. two piece of breadCan you give me ?A. a teaB. some cup of teaJoh n bought for himself yesterday.A. two pairs of shoesB. two pair of shoeWhat lovely weather it is!A./B. theHe gave us on how to

12、keep fit.A. some advicesB. some adviceIt really took him to draw the nice horse.A. sometimesB. hourC. many, bottles of oran ges D. few, bottle of oran gesC. two pieces of breadC. a cup teaC. two pair of shoesC. anC. an adviceC. lD two pieces of breadsD a cup of teaD two pairs shoesD aD a adviceD som

13、e time精品文檔20. She was very happy. She in the maths test.A. makes a few mistakeB. made a few mistakesC. made few mistakes選擇題B:（所有格）March 8th isDay.1.,A. Woman 2Is the broom un der一No, its un derA. the teachers; myExcuse me, where is theA. mens roomThe football un der the bed isB. Women desk?B. teache

14、rs; mine ?B. mens roomA. Lily and LucyB. Lilys and LucysHis bag is nicer tha nin his class.A. any other stude ntB. the other stude ntsJoan is .A. Marys and Jack sisterC. Mary and Jack sisterIn a few time, those mountains will be covered with trees.C. Woma ns C. teachers; meC. mens roomsC. Lilys and

15、LucyC. any other studentsB. Mary and Jacks sisterD. Marys and Jacks sisterA. yearB. yearsThe post office is a bit far from here. Its aboutA. thirty minu tess walkB. thirty mi nutes walkPlease take two .A. picture of the parkB. pictures of the parkMiss Smith is a friend ofA. Marys mothersB. Marys mot

16、herC. yearsC. thirty minu tes walkC. the pictures of a parkC. mothers of Mary附加題:We could seechildre n and hearno ise in the park.A. many, manyB. much, muchC. many, muchComputers can dowork in a short time, but a man cannot doby himself.A. great many; manyB. much; a great manyC. a great deal of; muc

17、hIn her letter Aunt Mary told us manyabout her visit to Japa n.A. n ewsB. storiesC. advicesMr. Li ofte n gives usby e-mail.5.6.7.A. some good in formati ons-Can 1 help you, sir?I d like to have 100A. piece of paperThey want threeA. loaf breadSeptember 10th isA. the TeacherB. some good in formatio nC

18、. good in formati ons.I want the stude nts to draw pictures on them.B. pieces of paperB. loaf of bread Day.C. papersC. loaves breadB. TeachersC. TeacherThose nice cars are those famous.A. dancersB. dan cers C.dancer sThe two desks here are.You may use the desk over there.A. Mary and JaneB. Marys and

19、 JanesC. Mary and JaneHow far is it from your office to your flat?It s aboutA. 20 mi nu tes walkB. 20-mi nutes walkC. walk 20 minu tesD. makes few mistakeD. WomenD. the teachers; mi neD. men roomsD. Lily and LucysD. any student sD. yearsD. thirty minu tes walkD. picture of a parkD. Mary mothersD. mu

20、ch, manyD. many; a great manyD. ideaD. a good in formatio nD. paperD. loaves of breadD. Teacher sD.dancerD. Mary s and Jane sD. 20 mi nu tes walk11. I m going to help withEnglish.12.A. a friend of Nancy, hers that pair of new _A. Is, shoe13.leaving for Beijing tomorrow.A. The Zhang isThis is a book of.A. TomThe post card is sent byA. a friend of my fatherT