漢譯英應(yīng)試原則和基本程序

1、漢譯英應(yīng)試原則和基本程序 1(一)漢譯英應(yīng)試原則 1.手法靈活(如遇難譯之處，換用其它相近說法表達(dá))2.語法正確(避免時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、單復(fù)數(shù)等語法錯(cuò)誤) 3.內(nèi)容忠實(shí)(必須把原文的內(nèi)容準(zhǔn)確而完整地表達(dá)出來，不得有任何歪曲、遺漏或增刪)4.語言閃光(譯文符合英語表達(dá)習(xí)慣，且用詞準(zhǔn)確、多樣) 2(二)漢譯英基本程序 1.理解 通讀并透徹理解原文含義2.翻譯 確定譯文句子的時(shí)態(tài)、句型、結(jié)構(gòu)和用詞3.審校 首先檢查譯文是否正確地轉(zhuǎn)述了原文內(nèi)容，是否有錯(cuò)譯和漏譯;其次，檢查是否有語言上的明顯錯(cuò)誤，如時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、單復(fù)數(shù)、拼寫、大小寫、標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)等。發(fā)現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤，及時(shí)改正 3練習(xí)一、倍數(shù)增減的表示法1) Force

2、N1 _(比力N2大2.5倍).2) This substance _(反應(yīng)速度是另外那種物質(zhì)的三倍).3) The earth _(是月球大小的49倍).4) The landlord _(想將租金提高三分之一).5) They _(計(jì)劃將投資增加一倍). 41) is 2.5 times greater than Force N22) reacts three times as fast as the other one3) is 49 times the size of the moon4) wants to raise the rent by a third5) plan to dou

3、ble their investment 5二、時(shí)態(tài)1) Be quick, _(否則等我們到達(dá)教堂時(shí)婚禮就已經(jīng)結(jié)束了).2) When she got home, _(孩子們已經(jīng)睡著了).3) When I prepare for the college entrance examination, _(我姐姐將在海邊 度假).4) I_(一上午都在修改我的簡(jiǎn)歷).5) Do you often go on holiday? _(不，我已經(jīng)有五年沒有度假了).6) He joined the army in October, 2001. _(他參軍已五年了). 6二、時(shí)態(tài)1) or the w

4、edding will have finished by the time we get to the church2) the children had fallen asleep3) my sister will be taking her vacation at the seaside4) have been revising my resume all the morning5) No. It has been five years since I went on holiday6) He has been in the army for 5 years 7三、被動(dòng)語態(tài)1) The b

5、lackboard and chalk _(正在被電腦和投影機(jī)所取代).2) The book _(到今年年底就將已出版).3) Computer models _(可以用來演示細(xì)胞工作的方式).4) When the bill of fare was brought, _(我驚呆了，價(jià)格大大超出了我的預(yù) 料).5) _(必須立即采取有效措施)to eliminate sandy storms.8三、被動(dòng)語態(tài)1) is being replaced by the computer and the projector2) will have been published by the end o

6、f this year3) can be used to demonstrate the way that cells work4) I was startled, for the prices were a great deal higher than I had anticipated5) Effective measures must be taken immediately 9四、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞1) The phone is ringing, _(但是沒人接聽。她一定不在家).2) I cant find my sunglasses. _(我可能昨天落在咖啡店里了).3) You screa

7、med in your sleep last night. _(你一定夢(mèng)見什么可怕的東西 了).4) Its a pity. _(你本應(yīng)該邀請(qǐng)她來參加你的畢業(yè)典禮的).5) _(其實(shí)我沒必要穿上我最好的套裝去參加那次聚會(huì)的); most of the guests were wearing jeans and sweaters.10四、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞1) but there is no answer. She cant be at home2) I may have left them in the coffee shop yesterday3) You must have dreamed of s

8、omething terrible4) You should have invited her to your graduation ceremony5) I neednt have put on my best suit to go to the party 11五、虛擬語氣1) I wish _(我年輕的時(shí)候有你們這樣的機(jī)會(huì)).2) If only _(他知道這病是可以治好的)! Then he would not have killed himself.3) Would you like him to paint your door with yellow stars? Id rathe

9、r he _(漆成藍(lán)色的，而且不帶任何裝飾).4) Its high time that _(采取措施解決交通堵塞的問題).5) Hugh usually talks _(仿佛在大會(huì)上發(fā)表演說似的).6) We insist that _(讓杰克立刻進(jìn)醫(yī)院).7) It was advised that _(在居民區(qū)設(shè)立更多的流動(dòng)商店). 12五、虛擬語氣1) I had had your opportunities when I was young2) he had known this disease is curable3) painted it blue, and without an

10、y decorations4) measures were taken to solve the problem of traffic jams5) as though he were delivering a speech at an assembly6) Jack (should) be sent to hospital right now7) more mobile shops (should) be set up in the residential area 138) His proposal was that _(他們成立一個(gè)專門委員會(huì)來檢查這個(gè)問題).9) We are goin

11、g to discuss his suggestion that _(取消期中考試).10) It is ridiculous that _(我們?cè)谝粋€(gè)總是下雨的國家還缺水).11) But for his help, _(我們就不會(huì)以這么低的價(jià)格租到房子了).12) I used my calculator; _(否則，我會(huì)花更長的時(shí)間才能算出這道題).13) Were I in your place, _(我會(huì)毫不猶豫地抓住機(jī)會(huì)).14) He walked lightly _(以免驚醒嬰兒). 148) they (should) set up a special board/commi

12、ttee to examine this problem9) the mid-term exams (should) be canceled10) we (should) be short of water in a country where it is always raining11) we could not have rent a house at such a low price12) otherwise, it would have taken me more time to work out this question13) I would seize the opportun

13、ity without hesitation14) lest he should awaken the baby 15六、不定式1) It was a great achievement _(10個(gè)月建成一棟24層的樓).2) It is necessary _(我們?cè)诳荚嚽昂煤玫厮煌砩嫌X).3) It is generous _(你把這么多錢捐給災(zāi)區(qū)人民).4) The teacher decided _(不懲罰那些上課遲到的學(xué)生).5) Mr. Green was wondering _ (是否去看望在法國的兒子).6) The gardener _(剛才警告我不要在中午給花澆水).7)

14、 We _(請(qǐng)他給我們做有關(guān)現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)的講座).8) He feels it challenging _(在這么大一所大學(xué)做學(xué)生會(huì)主席). 169) We hope to have more opportunities _(把我們?cè)谡n堂上學(xué)到的東西應(yīng)用于實(shí)踐).10) Sally Ride was the first _(探索外部空間的美國婦女).11) They lifted a rock _(結(jié)果砸了自己的腳).12) He was surprised _(在這個(gè)山村遇見一個(gè)中學(xué)同學(xué)).13) I am sorry _(占用了您這么多時(shí)間).14) I happened _(在他沖進(jìn)來的時(shí)候

15、站在門口).15) She doesnt like _(被當(dāng)作客人).16) If you want to save money, youd better _(到校園書店買舊書).17) We were made _(進(jìn)屋之前在墊子上擦擦腳). 17六、不定式1) to complete a 24-story building in 10 months2) for us to have a good nights sleep before the test3) of you to donate so much money to the people in the disaster area4)

16、 not to punish those students who had been late for class5) whether to visit their son in France6) warned me just now not to water flowers at noon7) invited him to give us a lecture on modern art8) to be the chairman of students union in so large a university 189) to apply what we have learned in cl

17、ass to practice10) American woman to explore the outer space11) only to drop it on their own feet12) to meet a high school classmate in the mountain village13) to have taken up so much of your time14) to be standing in the doorway when he rushed in15) to be treated as a guest16) go to the campus boo

18、kstore to buy used books17) to wipe our feet on the mat before going into the room 19 七、分詞1) This is the first time that I heard _(用意大利語唱“祝你生日快樂”).2) The cars _(停在消防通道的) will be ticketed.3) The war went on for years, _(奪去了成千上萬人的生命).4) The farmers used a new insecticide, thus _(將平均產(chǎn)量提高了15%).5) Einste

19、in watched the toy in delight, _(想推導(dǎo)出它的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)原理).6) _(看到大家都在聚精會(huì)神地看書), we stopped talking and began to study.7) _(被這個(gè)男孩的事跡深深打動(dòng)了), they decided to pay for his education.8) _(從一個(gè)年輕朋友的眼光來看), Einstein was a simple, modest and ordinary man.9) _(好久沒有收到父母的來信了), he was worried about them. 20七、分詞1) “Happy birthda

20、y to you” sung in Italian2) parked in the fire lane3) killing thousands upon thousands of people4) raising the average yield by 15 percent5) trying to deduce its operating principle6) Seeing that everyone was bending over his/her book7) Deeply moved by the boys deeds8) Seen from the eyes of a young

21、friend9) Not having heard from his parents for a long time 21八、動(dòng)名詞1) _(每天洗冷水澡) does him a lot of good.2) They tried to avoid _(讓女兒做她不喜歡的事情).3) Developing varieties is the key to _(使我們的產(chǎn)品進(jìn)入國際市場(chǎng)).4) It is no use _(為灑了的牛奶而哭泣).5) He denied_(偷看了同桌的試卷).6) We congratulated her on _(被提升為經(jīng)理). 22八、動(dòng)名詞1) Takin

22、g a cold bath every day2) making their daughter do what she didnt like to do3) getting our goods into the international market4) crying over spilled milk5) having peeked at his neighbors test paper6) being promoted to manager 23九、非謂語動(dòng)詞用法區(qū)別1) Success means _(非常努力地工作).2) John meant _(開車去那兒，但他的車出了故障).3

23、) I heard him _(在跟他的母親談話).4) I heard him _(跟他的母親談了一個(gè)小時(shí)).5) He jumped into the pool to save the child _(結(jié)果卻摔斷了自己的腿). 24九、非謂語動(dòng)詞用法區(qū)別1) working very hard.2) to drive there, but his car broke down3) talking to his mother4) talk to his mother for an hour5) only to break his own leg 256) He jumped from the

24、 burning house, _(摔斷了雙腿).7) He was happy _(看到父母很健康).8) _(看到父母安然無恙), he issued a sigh of relief.9) _(跟隨著它的腳印), the zoologists spotted the hungry panda.10) The pop, _(后面跟著兩個(gè)保鏢), came to meet his fans. 266) breaking his legs7) to see his parents in good health8) Seeing his parents safe and sound9) Foll

25、owing its footprints10) followed by two body guards 27十、名詞從句1) _(他們?yōu)槭裁措x開家鄉(xiāng)去云南) is still a secret.2) _(最讓我不解的) was that he spoke English so well.3) _(這么做是故意的) became obvious.4) It is not clear yet _(誰應(yīng)該為這件事負(fù)責(zé)).5) It is none of your business _(瑪麗與誰訂婚).6) Dont put off till tomorrow _(今天能做的事).7) This no

26、vel is just _(我一直在尋找的). 28十、名詞從句1) Why they left their hometown for Yunnan.2) What confused me most3) That this was done on purpose4) who should be responsible for this matter5) whom Mary is engaged to6) what can be done today7) what I have been looking for 298) It is not yet known _(機(jī)器人是否有一天能擁有象人一樣

27、的視力).9) _(她是否喜歡那個(gè)禮物) is not clear to me.10) My main problem right now is _(我是否應(yīng)該請(qǐng)求另一筆貸款).11) It all depends on _(他們是否會(huì)支持我們).12) You have yet to answer my question _(我是否可以指望你的投票).13) Finally, the workers got an answer _(政府做不了什么事來提高他們工資).14) Obviously, there was little certainty _(主席會(huì)同意他的提議). 308) whe

28、ther/if robots will one day have vision as good as human vision9) Whether she likes the present10) whether I should ask for another loan11) whether they will support us12) whether I can count on your vote13) that the Government could do nothing to raise their wages14) that the chairman would agree t

29、o this proposal 31十一、定語從句1) Everyday many tourists come to visit _(魯迅出生的那棟房子).2) The old lady died _(在她兒子到達(dá)的那天).3) This is _(我贊成這一改革的理由).4) Let ABC be _(一個(gè)三邊不等長的三角形).5) Some of the roads were flooded, _(這使我們的旅程更為艱難).6) He introduced me to his students, _(他們大部分是英語專業(yè)的學(xué)生).7) _(眾所周知), water is a liquid.

30、 32十一、定語從句1) the house where Lu Xun was born2) on the day when his son arrived3) the reason why I am in favor of this reform4) a triangle whose three sides are of unequal length5) which made our journey more difficult6) most of whom were English majors7) As is known to all 33十二、狀語從句1) _(不管我們談?wù)撌裁?, J

31、im brings polities into the discussion.2) We climbed high _(這樣我們就可以看到更好的風(fēng)景).3) The problem so very complicated _(花了我們兩個(gè)周才解決).4) You can go out _(只要你答應(yīng)晚上11點(diǎn)以前回來).5) I remember the whole thing _(仿佛是昨天發(fā)生的). 34十二、狀語從句1) Whatever we talk about2) so that we might get a better view3) that it took us nearly two weeks to solve it4) as long as you promise to be back before 11 at night5) as if it happened yesterday 35十三、比較級(jí)最高級(jí)1) Does she dance _(跟她姐姐一樣地優(yōu)美)?2) The buildings look _(在倫敦比在這兒難看得多).3) This is _(他畫的最好的畫之一).4) The higher you climb, _(空氣就越稀薄). 36十三、比較級(jí)最高級(jí)1) as gracefully as