中考英語語法復習專題10-動詞語態(tài)課件

1、專題十 動詞語態(tài)被動語態(tài)1.被動語態(tài)的概念與用法2.被動語態(tài)的各種時態(tài)3.被動語態(tài)的類型4.被動語態(tài)的句型5.主動語態(tài)轉化為被動語態(tài)的步驟6.不可以用被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)7.被動語態(tài)和系表結構的區(qū)別8.主動語態(tài)不能變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的情況9.主動語態(tài)表示為被動含義的用法1.定義： 語態(tài)是動詞的一種形式，表示主語和謂語的關系。2.形式：英語有兩種語態(tài)：主動語態(tài) (the Active Voice):表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者。eg:He opened the door. 他打開了門。被動語態(tài)(the Passive Voice):表示主語是動作的承受者。eg:The door was opened by him

2、.這扇門被他打開了.考點一 基本概念與用法3. 用法: 不明確動作的執(zhí)行者eg： This bike is made in China.這輛自行車是中國制造的。沒必要指出動作的執(zhí)行者是誰。More trees must be planted every year.每年都應該種更多的樹。強調或突出動作的承受者。eg: English is spoken by more and more people in the world. 世界上越來越多的人說英語句子的主語是動作的承受者。eg:Many houses were pulled down by the earthquake.許多房屋被地震摧毀了

3、?？键c一 基本概念與用法結構例句一般現在時：主語+am/is/are+過去分詞He is regarded as a brilliant. 他被認為很有才氣。一般過去時：主語+was/were+過去分詞Our school was built in 1998. 我們的學校在1998年建造。一般將來時：主語+shall/will+be+過去分詞The work will be finished in three hours. 工作將于三小時后完成。現在進行時：主語+am/is/are +being+過去分詞The broken bike is being repaired now. 那輛壞了的自

4、行車正在被修理。過去進行時：主語+was/were +being+過去分詞The machine was being painted then. 那時那臺機器正在上油漆?？键c二 被動語態(tài)的各種時態(tài) 結構例句現在完成時：主語+has/have +been+過去分詞The bank has been built. 銀行已經建成了。過去完成時：主語+had +been+過去分詞He said the factory had been opened. 他說這家工廠已經開張。過去將來時：主語+should/ would+be+過去分詞Ann told me she would be sent to Am

5、erica. 安告訴我她將被派往美國。含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)：主語+情態(tài)動詞+be+過去分詞The baby must be looked after well. 這孩子必須被好好照顧。考點二 被動語態(tài)的各種時態(tài) 考點三 被動語態(tài)的類型1.“主+謂+賓”句型主動句：主語+謂語+賓語被動句：主語+be+過去分詞+by+原主語（賓格）eg：They built a new apartment building last year.（主動）A new apartment building was built by them last year.（被動）2.“主+謂+賓+賓”句型主動句：主語+謂語+間

6、接賓語+直接賓語被動句：主語（原間接賓語）+be+過去分詞+原直接賓語+by+原主語（賓格）eg：He gave me a new book. A new book was given to me by him. 3.“主+謂+賓+賓補”句型主動句：主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補足語被動句：主語+be+過去分詞+賓語補足語+by+原主語（賓格） eg:We heard Jim playing the piano in his room. Jim was heard playing the piano (by us) in his room. 考點三 被動語態(tài)的類型4.含有短語動詞的句式的轉換主動句：

7、主語+不及物動詞+介詞/副詞+賓語被動句：主語+be+過去分詞+介詞/副詞+ by+原主語（賓格）eg：Grandma takes care of my sister.My sister is taken care of by Grandma.5.祈使句的轉換肯定式：Let+賓語+be+過去分詞否定式：Dont + let+賓語+be+過去分詞eg: Keep the book on the desk.Let the book on the desk. Dont let the book on the desk.考點四 被動語態(tài)的句型被動語態(tài)：由“助動詞+及物動詞的過去分詞”構成，被動語態(tài)的時

8、態(tài)變化只改變be的形式，過去分詞部分不變，疑問式和否定式的變化也是如此?？隙ň渲髡Z+be+過去分詞+（by+賓格）eg: Shoes are made by them.否定句主語+be + not+過去分詞+（by+賓格）eg: Shoes aren t made by them.一般疑問句 Be +主語+過去分詞+（by+賓格）？eg：-Was Tom asked to clean the room？-Yes，he was.-No， he wasnt.特殊疑問句特殊疑問詞+be+主語+過去分詞+（by+賓格）？eg：Why was the bridge destroyed by the go

9、vernment？考點五 主動語態(tài)轉化為被動語態(tài)的步驟They make shoes in that factory. Shoesare made 1.找賓語 -即動作的承受者2.判斷賓語的單復數 -即be動詞的單復數.3.判斷動詞的時態(tài) -即be動詞的時態(tài).4.修改謂語的時態(tài) -即原句動詞改為過去分詞5.修改原句的主語 -即by+ 主語. by them in that factory.考點六 不可以用被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)完成進行時與將來進行時一般沒有被動語態(tài)，如果需要用這兩種時態(tài)表達被動語態(tài)的意思，則可以用完成時態(tài)或者一般時態(tài)。1.完成進行時變成被動語態(tài)時，需要用完成時表示。主動句：現在完成進行

10、時被動句：現在完成時eg: The builders have been building this skyscraper for two months.This skyscraper has been built for two months.主動句：將來完成進行時被動句：將來完成時eg：We will have been using this book for four years by next May.This book will have been used for four years by next May.考點六 不可以用被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)完成進行時與將來進行時一般沒有被動語態(tài)，如

11、果需要用這兩種時態(tài)表達被動語態(tài)的意思，則可以用完成時態(tài)或者一般時態(tài)。2.將來進行時變成被動語態(tài)時，需要用一般時表示。主動句：將來進行時被動句：一般將來時eg: You will be doing the experiment here at this time next Monday. The experiment will be done here at this time next Monday.考點七 被動語態(tài)和系表結構的區(qū)別被動語態(tài)與系表結構都由“be+過去分詞”構成。1.被動語態(tài)表示以主語為承受者的動作，系表結構表示主語的特點或狀態(tài)。eg：The shop is closed at

12、six oclock in the afternoon.(表動作）被動語態(tài)The shop is closed today.(表狀態(tài)）系表結構2.被動語態(tài)可以用于進行時，而系表結構多用于一般現在時或一般過去時。eg：The bridge is being painted.這座橋正在被油漆.The bridge is painted.這座橋已經油漆完了.3.被動語態(tài)可以由介詞by引出動作的執(zhí)行者，而系表結構可以跟其他的介詞eg：I was interested by the story. 被動語態(tài)I was interested in the story. 系表結構考點八 主動語態(tài)不能變?yōu)楸粍诱Z

13、態(tài)的情況1. 系動詞, 不及物動詞或某些動詞短語沒有被動語態(tài), 如：belong, happen, take place, last, come true, remain, succeed, fall, die, arrive, ,break out, appear, last, start 等。eg：That bicycle doesnt belong to Tony.那輛自行車不屬于托尼。2.主動句的賓語是不定式或doing時不能用作被動語態(tài)的主語；eg：They enjoy playing basketball in the evening.他們喜歡晚上打籃球.3.反身代詞或each o

14、ther不能作被動語態(tài)的主語。eg： They help each other.他們互相幫助。4.當賓語表示數量，重量，大小或者程度時。eg：The jade weighs two ton. 這塊玉石重兩噸。1.feel, look, sound, smell, taste等系動詞的主動語態(tài)表示被動含義。eg：The scarf feels soft.這條圍巾摸上去很軟。 2.有些動詞，如sell, cut, drive, wash, clean, write, open, lock等，作為不及物動詞時可以用主動語態(tài)表示被動含義。eg：Books of Harry Potter sell we

15、ll. （表被動含義）哈利波特系列的書很暢銷。3.sth. need/ want/ require doing=sth. need/ want/ require to be done (不定式的被動結構)。eg:The watch needs mending.=The watch needs to be mended.這個手表需要維修。4.be worth doing(值得做) 中的doing表示被動含義。eg:The movie is worth watching by everyone. 這部電影值得所有人看一看?？键c九 主動形式表被動含義 一 用適當的形式填空 1 History is

16、_ by the people. ( make) 2 He is often _ to do the work by the teacher. (ask) 3 The book _ by him last year. ( write ) 4 The radio _ last week. ( mend) 5 Some trees _ on the hill this spring. (plant) 6 A new subway _ (build) next year. 7 She _ (take) to the hospital already. 8 Thousands of satellite

17、s _ (send) up into the space so far. 9 They said they _ (invite) to the party already. 10 The trains _( produce) in Zhuzhou. 11 Young trees should _(water) often.練一練madeaskedwas writtenwas mendedhave been plantedwill be builthas been takenhave been senthad been invitedare producedbe watered練一練1.Only

18、 thirty-eight ideas by the newspaper. A. choose B. chose C. was chosen D. were chosen 2. As usual, Meihua at 6:30 this morning by her mother to get ready for school. A. has woken up B. woke up C. wakes up D. was woken up 3.A neighbour helped to keep our dog. It while we were on holiday. A. was taken care B. took care ofC. is taken care o