中考英語語法復(fù)習(xí)專題10-動(dòng)詞語態(tài)課件

1、專題十 動(dòng)詞語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)1.被動(dòng)語態(tài)的概念與用法2.被動(dòng)語態(tài)的各種時(shí)態(tài)3.被動(dòng)語態(tài)的類型4.被動(dòng)語態(tài)的句型5.主動(dòng)語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)化為被動(dòng)語態(tài)的步驟6.不可以用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)7.被動(dòng)語態(tài)和系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別8.主動(dòng)語態(tài)不能變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的情況9.主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示為被動(dòng)含義的用法1.定義： 語態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，表示主語和謂語的關(guān)系。2.形式：英語有兩種語態(tài)：主動(dòng)語態(tài) (the Active Voice):表示主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。eg:He opened the door. 他打開了門。被動(dòng)語態(tài)(the Passive Voice):表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者。eg:The door was opened by him

2、.這扇門被他打開了.考點(diǎn)一 基本概念與用法3. 用法: 不明確動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者eg： This bike is made in China.這輛自行車是中國制造的。沒必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰。More trees must be planted every year.每年都應(yīng)該種更多的樹。強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動(dòng)作的承受者。eg: English is spoken by more and more people in the world. 世界上越來越多的人說英語句子的主語是動(dòng)作的承受者。eg:Many houses were pulled down by the earthquake.許多房屋被地震摧毀了

3、。考點(diǎn)一 基本概念與用法結(jié)構(gòu)例句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：主語+am/is/are+過去分詞He is regarded as a brilliant. 他被認(rèn)為很有才氣。一般過去時(shí)：主語+was/were+過去分詞Our school was built in 1998. 我們的學(xué)校在1998年建造。一般將來時(shí)：主語+shall/will+be+過去分詞The work will be finished in three hours. 工作將于三小時(shí)后完成?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：主語+am/is/are +being+過去分詞The broken bike is being repaired now. 那輛壞了的自

4、行車正在被修理。過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：主語+was/were +being+過去分詞The machine was being painted then. 那時(shí)那臺(tái)機(jī)器正在上油漆。考點(diǎn)二 被動(dòng)語態(tài)的各種時(shí)態(tài) 結(jié)構(gòu)例句現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：主語+has/have +been+過去分詞The bank has been built. 銀行已經(jīng)建成了。過去完成時(shí)：主語+had +been+過去分詞He said the factory had been opened. 他說這家工廠已經(jīng)開張。過去將來時(shí)：主語+should/ would+be+過去分詞Ann told me she would be sent to Am

5、erica. 安告訴我她將被派往美國。含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：主語+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+過去分詞The baby must be looked after well. 這孩子必須被好好照顧?？键c(diǎn)二 被動(dòng)語態(tài)的各種時(shí)態(tài) 考點(diǎn)三 被動(dòng)語態(tài)的類型1.“主+謂+賓”句型主動(dòng)句：主語+謂語+賓語被動(dòng)句：主語+be+過去分詞+by+原主語（賓格）eg：They built a new apartment building last year.（主動(dòng)）A new apartment building was built by them last year.（被動(dòng)）2.“主+謂+賓+賓”句型主動(dòng)句：主語+謂語+間

6、接賓語+直接賓語被動(dòng)句：主語（原間接賓語）+be+過去分詞+原直接賓語+by+原主語（賓格）eg：He gave me a new book. A new book was given to me by him. 3.“主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)”句型主動(dòng)句：主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語被動(dòng)句：主語+be+過去分詞+賓語補(bǔ)足語+by+原主語（賓格） eg:We heard Jim playing the piano in his room. Jim was heard playing the piano (by us) in his room. 考點(diǎn)三 被動(dòng)語態(tài)的類型4.含有短語動(dòng)詞的句式的轉(zhuǎn)換主動(dòng)句：

7、主語+不及物動(dòng)詞+介詞/副詞+賓語被動(dòng)句：主語+be+過去分詞+介詞/副詞+ by+原主語（賓格）eg：Grandma takes care of my sister.My sister is taken care of by Grandma.5.祈使句的轉(zhuǎn)換肯定式：Let+賓語+be+過去分詞否定式：Dont + let+賓語+be+過去分詞eg: Keep the book on the desk.Let the book on the desk. Dont let the book on the desk.考點(diǎn)四 被動(dòng)語態(tài)的句型被動(dòng)語態(tài)：由“助動(dòng)詞+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成，被動(dòng)語態(tài)的時(shí)

8、態(tài)變化只改變be的形式，過去分詞部分不變，疑問式和否定式的變化也是如此?？隙ň渲髡Z+be+過去分詞+（by+賓格）eg: Shoes are made by them.否定句主語+be + not+過去分詞+（by+賓格）eg: Shoes aren t made by them.一般疑問句 Be +主語+過去分詞+（by+賓格）？eg：-Was Tom asked to clean the room？-Yes，he was.-No， he wasnt.特殊疑問句特殊疑問詞+be+主語+過去分詞+（by+賓格）？eg：Why was the bridge destroyed by the go

9、vernment？考點(diǎn)五 主動(dòng)語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)化為被動(dòng)語態(tài)的步驟They make shoes in that factory. Shoesare made 1.找賓語 -即動(dòng)作的承受者2.判斷賓語的單復(fù)數(shù) -即be動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù).3.判斷動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài) -即be動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài).4.修改謂語的時(shí)態(tài) -即原句動(dòng)詞改為過去分詞5.修改原句的主語 -即by+ 主語. by them in that factory.考點(diǎn)六 不可以用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與將來進(jìn)行時(shí)一般沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)，如果需要用這兩種時(shí)態(tài)表達(dá)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的意思，則可以用完成時(shí)態(tài)或者一般時(shí)態(tài)。1.完成進(jìn)行時(shí)變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，需要用完成時(shí)表示。主動(dòng)句：現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行

10、時(shí)被動(dòng)句：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)eg: The builders have been building this skyscraper for two months.This skyscraper has been built for two months.主動(dòng)句：將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)被動(dòng)句：將來完成時(shí)eg：We will have been using this book for four years by next May.This book will have been used for four years by next May.考點(diǎn)六 不可以用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與將來進(jìn)行時(shí)一般沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)，如

11、果需要用這兩種時(shí)態(tài)表達(dá)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的意思，則可以用完成時(shí)態(tài)或者一般時(shí)態(tài)。2.將來進(jìn)行時(shí)變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，需要用一般時(shí)表示。主動(dòng)句：將來進(jìn)行時(shí)被動(dòng)句：一般將來時(shí)eg: You will be doing the experiment here at this time next Monday. The experiment will be done here at this time next Monday.考點(diǎn)七 被動(dòng)語態(tài)和系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別被動(dòng)語態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)都由“be+過去分詞”構(gòu)成。1.被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示以主語為承受者的動(dòng)作，系表結(jié)構(gòu)表示主語的特點(diǎn)或狀態(tài)。eg：The shop is closed at

12、six oclock in the afternoon.(表動(dòng)作）被動(dòng)語態(tài)The shop is closed today.(表狀態(tài)）系表結(jié)構(gòu)2.被動(dòng)語態(tài)可以用于進(jìn)行時(shí)，而系表結(jié)構(gòu)多用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過去時(shí)。eg：The bridge is being painted.這座橋正在被油漆.The bridge is painted.這座橋已經(jīng)油漆完了.3.被動(dòng)語態(tài)可以由介詞by引出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，而系表結(jié)構(gòu)可以跟其他的介詞eg：I was interested by the story. 被動(dòng)語態(tài)I was interested in the story. 系表結(jié)構(gòu)考點(diǎn)八 主動(dòng)語態(tài)不能變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語

13、態(tài)的情況1. 系動(dòng)詞, 不及物動(dòng)詞或某些動(dòng)詞短語沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài), 如：belong, happen, take place, last, come true, remain, succeed, fall, die, arrive, ,break out, appear, last, start 等。eg：That bicycle doesnt belong to Tony.那輛自行車不屬于托尼。2.主動(dòng)句的賓語是不定式或doing時(shí)不能用作被動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語；eg：They enjoy playing basketball in the evening.他們喜歡晚上打籃球.3.反身代詞或each o

14、ther不能作被動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語。eg： They help each other.他們互相幫助。4.當(dāng)賓語表示數(shù)量，重量，大小或者程度時(shí)。eg：The jade weighs two ton. 這塊玉石重兩噸。1.feel, look, sound, smell, taste等系動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示被動(dòng)含義。eg：The scarf feels soft.這條圍巾摸上去很軟。 2.有些動(dòng)詞，如sell, cut, drive, wash, clean, write, open, lock等，作為不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)可以用主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示被動(dòng)含義。eg：Books of Harry Potter sell we

15、ll. （表被動(dòng)含義）哈利波特系列的書很暢銷。3.sth. need/ want/ require doing=sth. need/ want/ require to be done (不定式的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu))。eg:The watch needs mending.=The watch needs to be mended.這個(gè)手表需要維修。4.be worth doing(值得做) 中的doing表示被動(dòng)含義。eg:The movie is worth watching by everyone. 這部電影值得所有人看一看。考點(diǎn)九 主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義 一 用適當(dāng)?shù)男问教羁?1 History is

16、_ by the people. ( make) 2 He is often _ to do the work by the teacher. (ask) 3 The book _ by him last year. ( write ) 4 The radio _ last week. ( mend) 5 Some trees _ on the hill this spring. (plant) 6 A new subway _ (build) next year. 7 She _ (take) to the hospital already. 8 Thousands of satellite

17、s _ (send) up into the space so far. 9 They said they _ (invite) to the party already. 10 The trains _( produce) in Zhuzhou. 11 Young trees should _(water) often.練一練madeaskedwas writtenwas mendedhave been plantedwill be builthas been takenhave been senthad been invitedare producedbe watered練一練1.Only

18、 thirty-eight ideas by the newspaper. A. choose B. chose C. was chosen D. were chosen 2. As usual, Meihua at 6:30 this morning by her mother to get ready for school. A. has woken up B. woke up C. wakes up D. was woken up 3.A neighbour helped to keep our dog. It while we were on holiday. A. was taken care B. took care ofC. is taken care o