Module 5 Great People and Great Inventions of Ancient China Grammar 課件 高中英語外研版必修三

1、Grammar ObjectiveTo learn about defining attributive clauses1. Ancient China was a place where states were often at war with each other.2. But it was also a time when there were many great philosophers.3. Confucius is the philosopher whose influence has been the greatest. Are you familiar with these

2、 sentences? They are all from our books we have learned. 4. Mozi was another teacher who was very influential.5. He came from a family which was very poor.6. The California Earthquake of the 18th of April 1906 is the worst earthquake that has ever happened in the United States. (P29, B3)7. There are

3、 laws that do not allow people to burn too much coal. (P39, B3)8. Mencius was a thinker whose teachings were very similar to those of Confucius.9. For example, it is the country in which silk was first invented.10. He is a man of whom China can be proud.1. Ancient China was a place _ states were oft

4、en at war with each other.2. But it was also a time _ there were many great philosophers.3. Confucius is the philosopher _ influence has been the greatest.4. Mozi was another teacher _ was very influential.5. He came from a family _ was very poor.wherewhenwhosewhowhich6. The California Earthquake of

5、 the 18th of April 1906 is the worst earthquake _ has ever happened in the United States. (P29, B3)7. There are laws _ do not allow people to burn too much coal. (P39, B3)8. Mencius was a thinker _ teachings were very similar to those of Confucius.9. For example, it is the country in _ silk was firs

6、t invented.10. He is a man of _ China can be proud.thatthatwhosewhichwhom1. 定義：又稱形容詞性從句，在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞，起定語作用。2. 先行詞：被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞。3. 關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞。關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞who, whom, whose, which, thatwhen, where, why在定語從句中作主語、賓語、定語在定語從句中作狀語定語從句 (Attributive Clauses)4. 分類：限定性定語從句與非限定性定語從句限定性定語從句是句中不可缺少的組成部分，使先行詞區(qū)別

7、于同類其他事物；主句和從句之間不用逗號隔開。非限定性定語從句是對主句先行詞的補充說明，沒有這種從句不影響主句意思完整。一般用逗號把主句和從句分開。引導(dǎo)詞：關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞，作賓語時一些關(guān)系代詞可以省略。引導(dǎo)詞：as, who, whom, whose, which, of which, when, where等，不用that或why,不能省略。A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.句子主干：定語從句：先 行 詞：關(guān)系代詞：A dictionary is a book.which gives the meaning of

8、 wordsbookwhichAttributive Clauses Analysis引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞指代人 指代事物 所屬關(guān)系 指地點 指時間 指原因 who, whom, thatwhich, thatwhosewherewhenwhy關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞The usages of relatives(關(guān)系詞) ExamplesRulesLinxian was a little village which/that was unknown. 關(guān)系詞是_指代_ (人?/物?),在定語從句中作_語或賓語People who lived in the village led a poor lif

9、e. 關(guān)系詞是_指代_(人?/物?),在定語從句中作_語或賓語The village was unknown.People lived in the village. which/ that物主who人主還原法ExamplesRulesPeople lived on fishing or farming in this area where life was peaceful but boring.關(guān)系詞是_指_ (時間?/地點?/ 原因?),在定語從句中作_(主語?/賓語?/ 地點狀語?)A villager whom / that we meet describes his hometow

10、n to us.關(guān)系詞是_指代_(人?/物?),在定語從句中作_（主語?/賓語?）In this area, life was peaceful but boring.We meet the villager.where地點地點狀語whom/ that人賓語ExamplesRulesThere were only 3 streets whose length only reached 200 meters in all. 關(guān)系詞是_即可指人，也可指_ 在定語從句中作_ (主語?/賓語?/定語?);意為“的”I will never want to go back to the days whe

11、n we lived depending on God. 關(guān)系詞是_指_(時間?/地點?/ 原因?),在定語從句中作_(主語?/賓語?/時間狀語?);意為“在那時”Their length only reached 200 meters in all.During the days, we lived depending on God.whose物定語when時間時間狀語ExamplesRulesThats the reason why young people left our hometown.關(guān)系詞是_指_(時間?/地點?/ 原因?),在定語從句中作_(主語?/賓語?/原因狀語?);意為

12、“因為這個原因”I will never forget the time that/ which I spent with my old good friends in the little town.關(guān)系詞是_指代_ (人?/物?),在定語從句中作_（時間狀語?/主語?/賓語?）For this reason, young people left our hometown.I spent the time with my old good friends in the little town.why原因原因狀語that/ which物賓語左顧右盼先行詞who/ which/ that/ wh

13、ose/ when/ where/ why成分人，物，時間，地點，原因 主，賓，定，狀關(guān)系詞Ancient China was a country where there were a lot of new ideas. 指代內(nèi)容所做成分是否可省略thatwhichwhowhomwhose關(guān)系代詞的用法人；物物人人(人/物)的主語,賓語主語,賓語主語,賓語賓語定語作賓語可省作賓語可省作賓語可省可省不可省1. who指人，作主語或賓語 (作賓語可省略）The boys who are playing football are from Class One. A person who steals

14、 things is called a thief.2. whom指人，作賓語 (作賓語可省略，如介詞提前則不能省) The man (whom/who) I talked to is Mr. Li.The man to whom I talked is Mr. Li.3. whose 在定語從句中作定語，與后面的名詞為所屬關(guān)系。 whose多指人，也可指物，指物時可與 of which互換使用。1. He has a friend whose father is a doctor.2. The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repai

15、red.=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.3. Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?=Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow? Do you know the girl whose hair is very short in our class?Do you know the girl in our class?Her hair is very short.He is the student

16、.I broke his pencil yesterday.He is the student whose pencil I broke yesterday. 4. which 指物，在定語從句中做主語或賓語，做賓語時?？墒÷浴?. Football is a game which is liked by most boys.2. He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers. 3. This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. 4. The film (which) they

17、 went to see last night was not interesting at all. 5. that 指人時，相當(dāng)于who 或whom；指物時，相當(dāng)于which。在定語從句中作主語或賓語，作賓語時常可省略。1. Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?2. The person that/whom you introduced to me is very kind. 3. The season that/which comes after spring is summer. 4. Yesterday I received a

18、 letter that/which came from Australia. (1) 限制性定語從句中先行詞為all, everything, anything, nothing, none, few, little, some,something等不定代詞指物時。 Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li said? There seems to be nothing that is impossible to him in the world.that和which在指物的情況下一般都可以互換，但在下列情況下，一般用that而不用which。(2

19、) There be 句型中用that。ThereisabookonthedeskthatbelongstoTom.(3) 先行詞是形容詞的最高級或序數(shù)詞，或者先行詞被序數(shù)詞或最高級修飾。This is the first book (that) he has read.This is the best film (that) I have ever seen.This is the first time (that) I am in Beijing.(4) 先行詞是who或which引導(dǎo)的主句。Who is the girl that drove the car? Who that brok

20、e the window will be punished?Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?Who is the man that is reading the newspaper over there? (5) 當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物。They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school. Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street.(6) 先行詞被all, every, no,

21、some, any, little, much, the only, the very, the last, just, right等修飾。Ive read all the books that are not mine. This is the very book that belongs to him.(1) 在非限制性定語從句中（下節(jié)課重點介紹） Football, which is a very popular game, is played all over the world.The tree, which is 400 years old, is very famous here

22、.(2) 在“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句中。 Recently I bought an ancient Chnese vase of which the price was reasonable.一般用which而不用that的情況。指代內(nèi)容所做成分是否可省略whenwherewhy關(guān)系副詞的用法不可省略時間地點原因狀語狀語狀語when 在定語從句中作時間狀語，先行詞往往是表示時間的名詞。相當(dāng)于介詞+which。若定語從句缺主語或賓語，需用which或that引導(dǎo)定語從句。Ill never forget the day when I joined the league.Ill never

23、 forget the time which/that was spent with you.on whichwhere在定語從句中作地點狀語，先行詞往往是表示地點的名詞。相當(dāng)于“介詞 + which”。若定語從句缺主語或賓語，用which或that引導(dǎo)定語從句。This is the house where I lived two years ago.The library (which/that) you visited yesterday was built in 1990.in whichwhere 引導(dǎo)的定語從句也可以修飾case, condition, situation, ins

24、tance等先行詞。There are cases where this rule does not hold good.Can you think of a situation where this word can be used?why在定語從句中作原因狀語，常位于reason之后，相當(dāng)于for which。Do you know the reason why she was late?The reason why / for which he refused the invitation is quite clear. the reason whyis that 的原因是The rea

25、son why he resigned was that he quarreled with his boss.Mencius believed that the reason why man is different from animals is that man is good.在the reason why 結(jié)構(gòu)中，why 引導(dǎo)定語從句，它也可以換為for which或者省略。在從句中作原因狀語。如果關(guān)系代詞指代先行詞reason在從句中作主語、賓語、表語等時，則用that或which。3.the reason is that結(jié)構(gòu)中，只能用that引導(dǎo)表語從句，不要受漢語的影響，誤用b

26、ecause。Note思考：什么情況下考慮用介詞+關(guān)系代詞？如何選擇介詞？介詞后可以使用哪些關(guān)系詞？與whose 又有何關(guān)系？與關(guān)系副詞是否有關(guān)系？介詞+關(guān)系代詞用正確的介詞關(guān)系代詞填空：1.This is the house _ I lived two years ago. His walking-stick, _ he cant walk, was lost yesterday.The knife, _ we use to cut the bread, is very sharp.4.Do you remember the day _ you joined our club? 5.He i

27、s a man _we should learn.without whichwith whichin whichon whichfrom whom Conclusion當(dāng)從句不缺主語或賓語時，可考慮用介詞關(guān)系代詞。當(dāng)確定用介詞關(guān)系代詞時，介詞的選用可考慮與從句中動詞、形容詞的搭配或與先行名詞的搭配。3.當(dāng)介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前時，介詞賓語只能用which代物，whom代人。且關(guān)系代詞一律不能省略。1) 看定語從句中動詞與介詞的搭配This is the book _ which you asked.forThe old man whom I am looking after is better.如何選擇介詞2) 看定語從句中形容詞與介詞的搭配He referred me to some reference books _ which I am not very familiar.3) 根據(jù)先行詞判斷, 所用的介詞與先行詞搭配This is our classroom, _ which there is a teachers desk.within the front of This