翻譯專(zhuān)項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練部分輔導(dǎo)

1、漢譯英講義一、漢譯英應(yīng)試原則和基本程序（一）漢譯英應(yīng)試原則手法靈活（如遇難譯之處，換用其它相近說(shuō)法表達(dá)）語(yǔ)法正確（避免時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、單復(fù)數(shù)等語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤）內(nèi)容忠實(shí)（必須把原文的內(nèi)容準(zhǔn)確而完整地表達(dá)出來(lái)，不得有任何歪曲、遺漏或增刪）語(yǔ)言閃光（譯文符合英語(yǔ)表達(dá)（二）漢譯英基本程序，且用詞準(zhǔn)確、多樣）理解翻譯審校通讀并透徹理解原文含義確定譯文句子的時(shí)態(tài)、句型、結(jié)構(gòu)和用詞首先檢查譯文是否正確地轉(zhuǎn)述了原文內(nèi)容，是否有錯(cuò)譯和漏譯；其次，檢查是否有語(yǔ)言上的明顯錯(cuò)誤，如時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、單復(fù)數(shù)、拼寫(xiě)、大小寫(xiě)、標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)等。發(fā)現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤，及時(shí)改正。二、漢譯英專(zhuān)項(xiàng)練習(xí)一、倍數(shù)增減的表示法1)Force N1 (比力 N2 大 2.

2、5 倍).is 2.5 times greatern Force N2（考點(diǎn)：倍數(shù) + 形容詞/副詞+n）2)Thibstance (反應(yīng)速度是另外那種物質(zhì)的三倍).reacts three times as fast as the other one （考點(diǎn)：倍數(shù) + as + 形容詞/副詞 + as）3)The earth (是月球大小的 49 倍).is 49 times the size of the moon（考點(diǎn)：倍數(shù) + 名詞）4)The landlord (想將提高三分之一).wants to raise the rent by a third（考點(diǎn)：動(dòng)詞 + by + 數(shù)詞/

3、百分比/倍數(shù)）5)They (計(jì)劃將投資增加一倍).plan to double their investment二、時(shí)態(tài)（考點(diǎn)：double + 名詞）1)Be quick, (否則等到達(dá)教堂時(shí)婚禮就已經(jīng)結(jié)束了).or the wedding will have finished by the time we get to the church （考點(diǎn)：將來(lái)完成時(shí)）2)When she got home, (孩子們已經(jīng)睡著了).the children had fallen asleep（考點(diǎn)：過(guò)去完成時(shí)）3)When I prepare for the college entrance e

4、xamination, (我姐姐將在海邊度假).my sister will be taking her vacation at the seaside（考點(diǎn)：將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)）4)I(一上午都在修改簡(jiǎn)歷).have been revising my resume all the morning（考點(diǎn)：現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)）5)Do you often go on holiday? (不，我已經(jīng)有五年沒(méi)有度假了).No. Is been five years since I went on holiday （考點(diǎn)：Is been sinb. did sth. 表示有多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間沒(méi)有做某事了）6)He join

5、ed the army in October, 2001. (他參軍已五年了).He has beenhe army for 5 years（考點(diǎn)：1. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；2.要用持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞才能接一段時(shí)間）三、語(yǔ)態(tài)1)The blackboard and chalk (正在被電腦和投影機(jī)所取代).is being replaced by the computer and the projector （考點(diǎn)：2)The book (到今年年底就將已).語(yǔ)態(tài)的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)）will have been published byof this year （考點(diǎn)：語(yǔ)態(tài)的將來(lái)完成時(shí)）3)Computer ms

6、(可以用來(lái)演示細(xì)胞工作的方式).can be used to demonstrate the wayt cells work（考點(diǎn)：1.語(yǔ)態(tài)與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞聯(lián)用; 2. 漢語(yǔ)有些沒(méi)有“被”字等標(biāo)志詞的句子也表示, 要譯成英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)態(tài)）4)When the bill ore was brought, (我驚呆了，價(jià)格大大超出了預(yù)料).I was startled, for the priwere a great deal highern I hadipated（考點(diǎn)：同“3”的考點(diǎn) 2）5)(必須立即采取有效措施)to eliminate sandy storms.Effective measures

7、must be taken immedia y四、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（考點(diǎn)：漢語(yǔ)的無(wú)主句通常翻譯成英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)態(tài)）1)The phone is ringing, (但是沒(méi)人接聽(tīng)。她一定不在家).but there is no answer. She cant be at home（考點(diǎn)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞可以表示可能性，cant 表示“一定不”）I cant find my sunglasses. (我可能昨天落在咖啡店里了).2)I may have left themhe coffee shop yesterday（考點(diǎn)：“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 can/could, may/might, must + 完成式”用于表示對(duì)過(guò)去

8、發(fā)生的動(dòng)作的判斷）3)You screamed in your sleep last night. (你一定夢(mèng)見(jiàn)什么可怕的東西了).You musve dreamed of something terrible（考點(diǎn)：同上）4)Its a pity. (你本應(yīng)該邀請(qǐng)她來(lái)參加你的畢業(yè)典禮的).You should have invited her to your graduation ceremony（考點(diǎn)：“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 should/ought to + havee” 用于評(píng)論過(guò)去應(yīng)該做而實(shí)際并未做的動(dòng)作，含有批評(píng)的意思）5)(其實(shí)我沒(méi)必要穿上我最好的套裝去參加那次聚會(huì)的); most of t

9、he guests were wearing jeans and sweaters.I neednve put on my best suit to go to the party（考點(diǎn)：“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 neednt + have +e”表示對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作進(jìn)行評(píng)論，認(rèn)為“無(wú)須發(fā)生”，“不必做”）五、虛擬語(yǔ)氣1)I wish (我年輕的時(shí)候有這樣的機(jī)會(huì)).I had had your opportunities when I was young過(guò)去沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)或不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望）（考點(diǎn)：I wish 后的t 從句中用過(guò)去完成式表示2)If only (他知道這病是可以治好的)! Then he wou

10、ld nove killed himself.he had known this disease is curable了”，用法與 I wish基本相同）（考點(diǎn)：If only 引導(dǎo)的感嘆句表示“但愿”或“要是就好3) Would you like him to payour door with yellow stars? Id rather he (漆成藍(lán)色的，而且不帶任何裝飾).paed it blue, and without any decorations（考點(diǎn)：would rather 后的t 從句中用過(guò)去式表示不是事實(shí)）4)Its high timet (采取措施解決交通堵塞).m

11、easures were taken to solve the problem of traffic jams句中用過(guò)去式，表示“該是的時(shí)候了”）Hugh usually talks (仿佛在大會(huì)上（考點(diǎn)：Its (about/high) time 后的t 從5)似的).as though he were delivering a speech at an assembly （考點(diǎn)：as if / as though 引導(dǎo)的從句中用過(guò)去式表示和現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在情況有所懷疑）6)We insistt (讓立刻進(jìn)醫(yī)院).Jack (should) be sent to hospital rig

12、ht now （考點(diǎn)：表示“建議、命令、要求、想法”的動(dòng)詞所接的賓語(yǔ)從句通常用“(t) sb. (should) do”的虛擬形式）7)It was advisedt (在居民區(qū)設(shè)立的商店).more mobile shops (should) be set up的動(dòng)詞所接的主語(yǔ)從句通常用“(he residential area （考點(diǎn)：表示“建議、命令、要求、想法”t) sb. (should) do”的虛擬形式）8)His proal wast (他們成立一個(gè)專(zhuān)門(mén)來(lái)檢查這個(gè)問(wèn)題).they (should) set up a spelmittee to examine this prob

13、lem （考點(diǎn)：表示“建議、命令、要求、想法”的名詞所接的表語(yǔ)從句通常用“(t) sb. (should) do”的虛擬形式）9)We are going to discuss higgestiont (取消期中).the mid-term exams (should) be canceled（考點(diǎn)：表示“建議、命令、要求、想法”的名詞所接的同位語(yǔ)從句通常用“(t) sb. (should) do”的虛擬形式） 表示“建議、命令、要求、想法”的動(dòng)詞及其名詞常見(jiàn)的有：advise (advice), agree (agreement), decide(deci), decree, demand,

14、 determine (determination), grant, indicate (indication), insist (insistence), order, prefer(preference), proe (proal), request, require (requirement), resolve (resolution), stipulate (stipulation),suggest(suggestion), urge, vote;常見(jiàn)的這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞還有：allow, arrange, ask, beg, concede, demonstrate, ensure,end,

15、move, pledge, pray 等10) It is ridiculoust (在一個(gè)總是下雨的國(guó)家還缺水).we (should) be short of water in a country where it is always raining（考點(diǎn)：在It is/was +形容詞后的t 從句中常用“sb. should do”的形式表示建議驚奇等。這類(lèi)形容詞常見(jiàn)的有：advisable, anxious, appropriate, compulsory, crul, desirable, eager, essential, fitting, imperative,important

16、, imsible, improper, natural, nesary, obligatory, preferable, proper, urgent, vital, willing 等）11)It is essentialt (每個(gè)人都為緊急情況做好準(zhǔn)備).everyone (should) be prepared for emergency （考點(diǎn)：同上）12)(如果他按照我的辦法訂票), we would have had quite a comfortable journey.If he had booked tickets事實(shí)相反）he way I told him （考點(diǎn)：在非真

17、實(shí)條件句中用過(guò)去完成式表示與過(guò)去的13)I was to have made a speech (要不是有人把話打斷了).if I had not beenerrupted（考點(diǎn)：同上）14)It didnt rain last night. (要是下了，地就會(huì)濕的).If id rained, the ground would be wet （考點(diǎn)：在非真實(shí)條件句中，當(dāng)主句與從句表示的動(dòng)作不是同時(shí)發(fā)生時(shí)，就根據(jù)情況用適當(dāng)?shù)闹^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式）(如果我一直住在紐約), I would know the U.S. well now.If I had been living in New York （考

18、點(diǎn)：同上）15)16)If the doctor had not comeime, (他現(xiàn)在就不在人間了).he would be dead now （考點(diǎn)：同上）17)But for his help, (就不會(huì)以這么低的價(jià)格租到房子了).we could nove rent a house at such a low price（考點(diǎn)：but for 經(jīng)常作為非真實(shí)條件句中 if 的代用語(yǔ)）I used my calculator; (否則，我會(huì)花更長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間才能算出這道題).otherwise, it would have taken me more time to work out th

19、is question（考點(diǎn)：otherwise 也經(jīng)常作為非真實(shí)條件句中 if 的代用語(yǔ)）Were I in your place, (我會(huì)毫不猶豫地抓住機(jī)會(huì)).I would seize the opportunity without hesiion（考點(diǎn)：在非真實(shí)條件句中如果有 were, had, should這三個(gè)詞，可以省去 if，采用主謂語(yǔ)倒裝的形式來(lái)表示條件）18)19)20)Had it not been for their opition, (這項(xiàng)法案早就通過(guò)了).thiwould have been passed much ear r （考點(diǎn)：同上）21)Should t

20、here be another world war, (人類(lèi)的繼續(xù)存在就會(huì)有).the continued existence of the human race would be in jeopardy （考點(diǎn)：同上）He walked lightly (以免驚醒嬰兒).lest he should awaken the baby （考點(diǎn)：lest (以免)引導(dǎo)的從句通常用sb. should do 的形式表示虛擬）22)六、不定式1)It was a grehievement (10 個(gè)月建成一棟 24 層的樓).to complete a 24-story building in 10

21、months代替不定式，而將不定式移到謂語(yǔ)后面）（考點(diǎn)：不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)常用 it 作形式主語(yǔ)放在句首2)It is nesary (在前好好地睡一晚上覺(jué)).for us to have a good nights sleep before the test （考點(diǎn)：有時(shí)用“介詞for + 代詞/名詞”來(lái)表示不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)，這時(shí)整句的謂語(yǔ)描述的對(duì)象是事情， 這種情況下謂語(yǔ)中常用的形容詞有：nesary,important,sible, imsible, essential 等）3)It is generous (你把這么多錢(qián)捐給災(zāi)區(qū)人民).of you toate so muoney to t

22、he peoplehe disaster area （考點(diǎn)：有時(shí)用“介詞of + 代詞/名詞”來(lái)表示不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)，這時(shí)整句的謂語(yǔ)描述的對(duì)象是人，這種情況下謂語(yǔ)中常用的形容詞有： absurd, bold, brave, careful, careless, cowardly, cruel, foolish, generous, good, honest, kind, nice, polite, rude, selfish, silly, stu , thoughtful, thoughtless, wicked, wise, wrong 等）4) The teacher decided (

23、不懲罰那些上課 的學(xué)生).not to punish those students who had been late for class （考點(diǎn)：1. 用不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作decide 的賓語(yǔ)； 2.不定式的否定形式是在to 前加not） （能帶不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞常見(jiàn)的有：afford, agree, ask, attempt, beg, begin, bother, care, choose, claim, consent, decide, demand, desire, dislike, endeavor, expect, fail, fear, f et,happen, hate, help

24、, hesi e, hope,end, learn, like, love, manage, mean, neglect, offer, plan, pledge, prefer,prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, remember, resolve, start, threaten, undertake, venture, voteer, vow, want, wish）5)Mr. Green was wondering _ (是否去看望在法國(guó)的兒子).whether to visit their son in France（考點(diǎn)：“疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”作動(dòng)詞

25、wonder 的賓語(yǔ)。能以這種結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞通常有ask, consider,decide, discover, explain, fet, guess, know, learn, observe, remember, see,l, understand, wonder 等）6)The gardener (剛才警告我不要在中午給花澆水).warned me just now not to water flowers at noon （考點(diǎn)：不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)）7)We (請(qǐng)他給做有關(guān)現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)的講座).invited him to give us a lecture on modern art

26、（考點(diǎn)：同上）（能帶不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, challenge,d, compel, enable,determine, encourage, expect, feel, find, force, get, hate, have, hear, help, inform invite, let, like, make, mean, need, notice, notify, oblige, order, permit, persuade, remind, request, require, see, send, teach,l,

27、 tempt, trouble, urge,want, warn, watch, wish 等。注：劃線的動(dòng)詞后面的不定式不帶to）8)He feels it challenging (在這么大一所大學(xué)做學(xué)生會(huì)to be the chairman of students union in so large a university).（考點(diǎn)：動(dòng)詞 + it + 形容詞/名詞 + 不定式。it 是形式賓語(yǔ)，不定式是真正賓語(yǔ)）9)We hope to have more opportunities (把在課堂上學(xué)到的東西應(yīng)用于實(shí)踐).to apply what we have learned in

28、 class to practice （考點(diǎn)：不定式作定語(yǔ)）（不定式常用作以下名詞/代詞的定語(yǔ)：ability, ambition, anything, attempt, capability, chance, curiosity, desire,deci, determination, effort, failure,ention, need, nothing, opportunity, place, plan, promise, reason, right,something, tendency, time, way, wish 等）10)The bad weather (破壞了在露天放的

29、計(jì)劃).ruined our plan to show the filmhe open air （考點(diǎn)：同上）11)The environmentalists are against (在郊區(qū)建一座核電站的決定).the decito build a nuclearer sionhe suburbs（考點(diǎn)：同上）婦女).12)Sally Ride was the(探索外部空間的American woman to explore the outer space （考點(diǎn)：由only, last, next，序數(shù)詞或形容詞的名詞常用不定式作定語(yǔ)）They lifted a rock (結(jié)果砸了自己的

30、腳).only to drop it on their own feet （考點(diǎn)：不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)）修飾13)14)He warprised (在這個(gè)山村遇見(jiàn)一個(gè)中學(xué)同學(xué)).to meet a high school classmatehe mountain village（考點(diǎn)：不定式作原因狀語(yǔ)）15)I am sorry (占用了您這么多時(shí)間).to have taken up so much of your time （考點(diǎn)：1. 不定式作原因狀語(yǔ)；2. 不定式的完成時(shí)）I happened (在他沖進(jìn)來(lái)的時(shí)候站在門(mén)口).16)to be standinghe doorway when

31、he rushed in（考點(diǎn)：不定式的進(jìn)行式）17)She doesnt like (被當(dāng)作客人).to be treated as a guest （考點(diǎn)：不定式的形式）18)If you want to save money, youd better (到校園書(shū)店買(mǎi)舊書(shū)).go to the cus bookstore to buy used books（考點(diǎn)：不帶 to 的不定式）19)We did nothing (除了整天打橋牌).but play bridge the whole day（考點(diǎn)：同上）20)We were made (進(jìn)屋之前在墊子上擦擦腳).to wipe ou

32、r feet on the mat before goingo the room（考點(diǎn)：當(dāng)動(dòng)詞see, make, hear 等用于七、分詞語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，不定式要保留to）1)This is thetimet I heard (用意大利語(yǔ)唱“祝你生日”).“Happy birthday to you” sung in Italian （考點(diǎn)：分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)）（catch, discover, feel, find, get, have, hear, keep, leave, make, notice, see, watch 等動(dòng)詞常用分詞形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)）2)The carsparked(停在消防通道

33、的) will be ticketed.he fire lane （考點(diǎn)：分詞作定語(yǔ)）3)The war went on for years,(奪去了成千上萬(wàn)人的生命).killing thousands upon thousands of people （考點(diǎn)：分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)）The farmers used a new insecticide, thus (將平均產(chǎn)量提高了 15%).4)raising the average yield by 15 percent（考點(diǎn)：同上）5)Einstein watched the toy in delight, (想推導(dǎo)出它的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)原理).tryi

34、ng to deduce its operating principle （考點(diǎn)：分詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ)）(看到大家都在聚精會(huì)神地看書(shū)), we stopped talking and began to study.6)Seeingt everyas bendiner his/her book （考點(diǎn)：分詞作原因狀語(yǔ)）7)(被這個(gè)男孩的事跡深深打動(dòng)了), they decided to pay for his education.Deeply moved by the boys deeds （考點(diǎn)：同上）(從一個(gè)年輕朋友的眼光來(lái)看), Einstein was a simple, modest and

35、 ordinary man.Seen from the eyes of a young friend （考點(diǎn)：分詞作方式狀語(yǔ)）(好久沒(méi)有收到父母的來(lái)信了), he was worried about them.Noving heard from his parents for a long time（考點(diǎn)：1. 分詞作原因狀語(yǔ)；2.分詞的否定形式；3.現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式）八、動(dòng)名詞(每天洗冷水澡) does him a lot of good.Taking a cold bath every day （考點(diǎn)：動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)）They tried to avoid (讓女兒做她不喜歡的事情).mak

36、ing their daughter do what she didnt like to do（考點(diǎn)：動(dòng)名詞作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)）（下列動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)只能是動(dòng)名詞而不能是不定式：admit, advise, allow,ipate, apprete, avoid, delay,deny, dislike, dread, encourage, enjoy, esc, excuse, fancy, finish, cant help, imagine, keep, mind, miss,permit,3)Develotpone, practice, prevent, proe, recall, recoll

37、ect, resent, resist, risk, cant stand, stop, suggest）varieties is the key to (使的產(chǎn)品進(jìn)入國(guó)際市場(chǎng)).getting our goodso theernational market （考點(diǎn)：動(dòng)名詞作介詞的賓語(yǔ)）4)It is no use (為灑了的牛奶而哭泣).cryiner spilled milk （考點(diǎn)：動(dòng)名詞用于固定結(jié)構(gòu)。動(dòng)名詞經(jīng)常與以下詞組連用：be worth, havedifficulty (in), it be no good/use/worthwhile, there be no need/no

38、po in, how/what about, whats the po whats the use of）5)He denied(偷看了同桌的試卷). of,having peeked at his neighbors test pr （考點(diǎn)：動(dòng)名詞的完成式）6)We congratulated her on (被為經(jīng)理).being promoted to manager （考點(diǎn)：動(dòng)名詞的式）九、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用法區(qū)別1)Sucs means (非常努力地工作).working very hard.（考點(diǎn)：mean 表示“意味著”）2)John meant (開(kāi)車(chē)去那兒，但他的車(chē)出了故障).to

39、 drive there, but his car broke down（考點(diǎn)：mean 表示“打算”）（類(lèi)似需要區(qū)別的動(dòng)詞還有fet, remember, regret, go on, stop 等） I heard him (在跟他的母親談話).talking to his mother （考點(diǎn)：強(qiáng)調(diào)正在進(jìn)行）I heard him (跟他的母親談了一個(gè)小時(shí)).3)4)talk to his mother for an hour（考點(diǎn)：強(qiáng)調(diào)整個(gè)過(guò)程）5)He jumpedo the pool to save the child (結(jié)果卻摔斷了自己的腿).only to break his

40、own leg（考點(diǎn)：意料之外的結(jié)果）6)He jumped from the burning house, (摔斷了雙腿).breaking his legs （考點(diǎn)：意料之中的結(jié)果）He was happy (看到父母很健康).7)to see his parents in good health（考點(diǎn)：不定式作原因狀語(yǔ)位于句末）8)(看到父母安然無(wú)恙), he ied a sigh of re f.Seeing his parents safe and sound （考點(diǎn)：分詞作原因狀語(yǔ)位于句首）9)(跟隨著它的腳印), the zoologists spotted theFollowi

41、ng its footprs （考點(diǎn)：現(xiàn)在分詞強(qiáng)調(diào)主動(dòng)）gry panda.10) The pop, (后面跟著兩個(gè)保鏢), came to meet his fans.followed by two body guards （考點(diǎn)：過(guò)去分詞強(qiáng)調(diào)十、名詞從句）1)(他們?yōu)槭裁措x開(kāi)家鄉(xiāng)去云南) is still a secret.Why they left their hometown for Yunnan （考點(diǎn)：主語(yǔ)從句）2)(最讓我不解的) wast he spoke English so well.What confused me most （考點(diǎn)：同上）(這么做是故意的) became

42、 obvious.3)t this wase on pure （考點(diǎn)：同上）4)It is not clear yet (誰(shuí)應(yīng)該為這件事負(fù)責(zé)).who should be responsible for this matter （考點(diǎn)：較長(zhǎng)的主語(yǔ)從句可以后置，用 it 作形式主語(yǔ)）5)It is none of your business (whom Mary is engaged to （考點(diǎn)：同上）與誰(shuí)訂婚).6)t put off till tomorrow (今天能做的事).what can bee today （考點(diǎn)：賓語(yǔ)從句）7)This novel is just (我一直在尋找

43、的).what I have been looking for（考點(diǎn)：表語(yǔ)從句）8)It is not yet known (機(jī)器人是否有一天能擁有象人一樣的視力).whether/if robots will one day have vias good as human vi語(yǔ)從句）（考點(diǎn)：whether/if 引導(dǎo)后置的主9)(她是否喜歡那個(gè)) is not clear to me.Whether she likes the present （考點(diǎn)：whether 引導(dǎo)前置的主語(yǔ)從句）My main problem right now is (我是否應(yīng)該請(qǐng)求另一筆10).whether

44、I should ask for another loan（考點(diǎn)：whether 引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句）11)It all depends on (他們是否會(huì)支持).whether they will support us （考點(diǎn)：whether 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句）You have yet to answer my question (我是否可以指望你的投票).12)whether I can count on your vote（考點(diǎn)：whether 引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句）（9-12 中的 whether 不可以替換為 if）Finally, the workers got an answer (13)做不了

45、什么事來(lái)提高他們工資).t theernment couldothing to raise their wages （考點(diǎn)：同位語(yǔ)從句）14)Obviously, there was little certa y (會(huì)同意他的提議).t the chairman would agree to this pro十一、定語(yǔ)從句al（考點(diǎn)：同上）1)Everyday many tourists come to visit (出生的那棟房子).the house where Lu Xun was born （考點(diǎn)：先行詞為地點(diǎn)，定語(yǔ)從句通常由where 引導(dǎo)）The old lady died (在她

46、兒子到達(dá)的那天).on the day when his son arrived （考點(diǎn)：先行詞為時(shí)間，定語(yǔ)從句通常由when 引導(dǎo)）2)3)This is (我贊成這一的理由).the reason why I am in favor of this reform （考點(diǎn)：先行詞為 reason，定語(yǔ)從句通常由why 引導(dǎo)）Let ABC be (一個(gè)三邊不等長(zhǎng)的三角形).4)a triangle whose three sides are of unequal length（考點(diǎn)：whose 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句）5)Some of the roads were flooded, (這使的旅程更

47、為艱難).whiade our journey more difficult （考點(diǎn)：非限制性定語(yǔ)從句）6)Heroduced me to his students, (他們大部分是英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)的學(xué)生).most of whom were English majors（考點(diǎn)：同上）7)(眾所周知), water is a liquid.As is known to all （考點(diǎn)：as 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句）十二、狀語(yǔ)從句1)(不管Whatever we talk about談?wù)撌裁?, Jim brings politieso the discus（考點(diǎn)：讓步狀語(yǔ)從句）.2)(不管哪一方獲勝), I

48、shall be satisfied.Whichever side wins （考點(diǎn)：同上）(不管觀眾中的一些人如何使勁地難為他), the comedi3)ways had a quick, sharp reply.However hard some peoplehe audience tried to upset him （考點(diǎn)：同上）4)We climbed high (這樣就可以看到更好的風(fēng)景).sot we might get a better view（考點(diǎn)：目的狀語(yǔ)從句）5)The problem so very complicated (花了兩個(gè)解決).t it took us

49、 nearly twoks to solve it（考點(diǎn)：結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句）6)You can go out (只要你答應(yīng)晚上 11 點(diǎn)以前回來(lái)).as long as you promise to be back before 11 at night（考點(diǎn)：條件狀語(yǔ)從句）7)I remember the whole thing (仿佛是昨天發(fā)生的).as if i十三、ppened yesterday（考點(diǎn)：方式狀語(yǔ)從句）1)Does she dance (跟她姐姐一樣地優(yōu)美)?as gracefully as her sister （考點(diǎn)：同級(jí)比較）The buildings look (在倫

50、敦比在這兒難看得多).2)far ug r in Lonn here（考點(diǎn)：用副詞或詞組來(lái)修飾）3)This is (他畫(huà)的最好的畫(huà)之一).one of the best picturest he has evaed（考點(diǎn)：）4)The higher you climb, (空氣就越稀薄).the thinner the air十四、倒裝句es （考點(diǎn)：“越越”結(jié)構(gòu)）1)Scarcely had she fallen asleep (一陣敲門(mén)聲就把她吵醒).when a knock at the door awakened her （考點(diǎn)：Hardlywhen結(jié)構(gòu)）No sooner had

51、Anne arrived (就生病了).2)n she fell ill （考點(diǎn)：No soonern結(jié)構(gòu)）3)The husband was not hospitable to the visitor. (他妻子也沒(méi)說(shuō)一句歡迎的話).Nor did the wife say a word ofe.（考點(diǎn)：nor 表示“后者與前者一樣地不”）他的需要手術(shù)).4)Only then (那個(gè)醫(yī)生才did the doctor realizet his patient needed surgery （考點(diǎn)：only 引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)位于句首，句子倒裝）5)Only when you adjust down

52、 your price (can we conclude the business （考點(diǎn)：同上）才能做成這筆).十五、強(qiáng)調(diào)句1)(正是Jefferson 寫(xiě)下了)the Declaration of Independence.It was Jefferson who wrote （考點(diǎn)：強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)）2)(作者是帶著真摯的情感)praises allt is progressive.It is with genuine feelingt the author（考點(diǎn)：強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語(yǔ)）3)(正是因?yàn)樗疂q了)we could not cross the river.It was because the wa

53、ter had risent（考點(diǎn)：強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語(yǔ)從句）4)(人們聽(tīng)見(jiàn)正是Jim 這個(gè)無(wú)情的家伙) shouting at his motherhe dead of night.It was Jim, the heartless fellow, who was heard（考點(diǎn)：強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)）5)(直到我告訴她) Mrs. Williams knew anything about it.It was not until I told hert（考點(diǎn)：強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語(yǔ)從句）（寫(xiě)作用）基本表達(dá)(Basic Elements of English Writing)越來(lái)越：be increasingly + adj.,

54、 be on the rise, the growing number of人們認(rèn)為：it is generally/widely be ved/held/agreed許多問(wèn)題：a host of/a number of problemst引起人們注意：claim call/attract general/public/world attention to sth.：there is a growing awareness/realization of/t, awaken sb. to the fact/danger適應(yīng)新的形勢(shì)/變化：modate olf tenvironment/chang

55、e接觸各種/經(jīng)歷：be exed tideas/experien/problems接觸社會(huì)：comeo frequent/close contact with the world/society獲得成功：plish sucs提出觀點(diǎn)/建議：advance / put forward / come up with the arguments/ideaggestions作出努力：make tremendous/persistent/sustained effort to do sth., take great pains to do(with work/study)影響學(xué)習(xí)/工作： erfere

56、with studies/work產(chǎn)生影響：have/exert a profound influence on life/ality, have a dramatic/undesirable effect on較好地駕馭生活：be a bett機(jī)會(huì)/權(quán)力：deprive oilot of ones lifelf of the chance/right/opportunity取代就的方式：substitute for/take the place of the old way采取措施：take effective steps/measures to的環(huán)境：take/gain increasin

57、g control over our own environment/：shy/run away from the dangers/challenge控制躲避滿(mǎn)足要求：modate the demand of補(bǔ)償損失：compensate for/make up for the loss/damage解釋某現(xiàn)象：account for/explahe phenomenon對(duì)很好的了解：have a better understanding/appretion of,have a new考慮進(jìn)去：take sth.on. provide/gain an insightoo account(con

58、sideration), give much thought to把某品位人生/青春：savor the life/freedom/youth培養(yǎng)對(duì)的信心：develop/foster oneserest/confidence in經(jīng)歷變化/艱險(xiǎn)：undergo/experience great changes/hardships/experience自信心等：project ones confidence/feeling/image生活充滿(mǎn)不公正的地方：life is full of minor irri ion/injustice追求學(xué)習(xí)/職業(yè)：pursue ones academicer

59、est/profesal career學(xué)習(xí)知識(shí)/技術(shù)：pursue/acquire knowledge/technology/skill被看作學(xué)習(xí)的榜樣：be held up as a good exle交流經(jīng)驗(yàn)/知識(shí)：share experience/ideas/problems/knowledge發(fā)揮/起到重要作用：play an (important/active/great) role/part逃學(xué)/缺課：skip school/a class/a meeting/a lecture知識(shí)/經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富：rich in knowledge/experience確立/追求目標(biāo)：set/purs

60、ue a goal/higher standardplish/stahe goal/aim/objective e obstacles/difficulty：be confronted/faced with/he face of danger/difficulty到達(dá)目標(biāo)：克服：/阻礙了成功：stand阻礙了發(fā)展：hhe way of sucs, be an obstacarrier to sucs/growther/impede/stunt the development of持傳統(tǒng)的看法：hold conventional wisdom看法：voice/express ones opini