廣東省深圳市中考英語總復(fù)習(xí) 第三章 代詞講義

1、第三章 代 詞考點(diǎn)一：人稱代詞考點(diǎn)二：物主代詞考點(diǎn)三：反身代詞考點(diǎn)四：指示代詞考點(diǎn)五：疑問代詞考點(diǎn)六：不定代詞考點(diǎn)一：人稱代詞1. 人稱代詞的分類人稱和數(shù)主格賓格第一人稱單數(shù)Ime復(fù)數(shù)weus第二人稱單數(shù)youyou復(fù)數(shù)youyou第三人稱單數(shù)hehimsheheritit復(fù)數(shù)theythem考點(diǎn)一：人稱代詞2. 人稱代詞的主格和賓格的區(qū)別 人稱代詞的主格通常放在動詞的前面作句子的主語。 人稱代詞的賓格通常放在動詞或介詞的后面作句子的賓語。如：He was born in the countryside. Jack wrote to her last week.考點(diǎn)一：人稱代詞3. 人稱代詞并

2、列作主語時的順序單數(shù)形式：you，he，I （二三一）復(fù)數(shù)形式：we，you，they （一二三）如：You, he and I will attend the meeting.We, you and they are all engineers.即學(xué)即練根據(jù)括號里的漢語提示完成句子。1. _ am not good at English. Can you help _? （我）2. _ is so kind that we all like _.（他）3.Would you like to go with _? （他們）4.Who will take _ to the zoo? （她）Ime

3、Hehimthemher考點(diǎn)二：物主代詞1. 表示所有關(guān)系的代詞叫物主代詞。物主代詞分形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞。數(shù)和人稱形容詞性名詞性單數(shù)第一人稱mymine第二人稱youryours第三人稱hishisherhersitsits復(fù)數(shù)第一人稱ourours第二人稱youryours第三人稱theirtheirs考點(diǎn)二：物主代詞2.形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞的區(qū)別 形容詞性物主代詞只能作定語，后面要接名詞。名詞性物主代詞起著名詞的作用，后面不能接名詞。如：Their classroom is on the second floor.Her shoes are different f

4、rom mine.注意：雙重所有格的結(jié)構(gòu)是“名詞+of+名詞性物主代詞 / 名詞所有格”。如：The girl is a cousin of his.=The girl is one of his cousins. This is a photo of my fathers.=This is one of my fathers photos. 即學(xué)即練用括號里所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. (1)This is _ (I) mobile phone,and that is _ (you). (2) _ (they) school is much bigger than _(we).2. (1)T

5、om is a friend of _(she). = Tom is one of _ (she) friends. (2)This is a book of his _ (teacher). = This is one of his _ (teacher) books.myyoursTheirourshersherteachersteachers考點(diǎn)三：反身代詞1. 反身代詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式數(shù)和人稱反身代詞單數(shù)第一人稱myself第二人稱yourself第三人稱himselfherselfitself復(fù)數(shù)第一人稱ourselves第二人稱yourselves第三人稱themselves考點(diǎn)三：反

6、身代詞2.反身代詞的用法(1)作賓語,位于及物動詞或介詞之后。 如：The boy can take care of himself.(2)作主語或賓語的同位語,用于加強(qiáng)語氣,放在主語后或句尾。 如：He himself did the cleaning. = He did the cleaning himself. 注意：反身代詞不作定語,常用ones own表示“某人自己的”。 如：I think that I should have my own shop. 考點(diǎn)三：反身代詞(3)反身代詞常用短語。如： teach oneself / learn by oneself 自學(xué) by one

7、self 獨(dú)自 即學(xué)即練用括號里所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.Little Tom fell off the bike, and he hurt _ (he).2.If our parents do everything for us children, we wont learn to depend on _ (we).3. How does your aunt learn to play the guitar? By _ (she).4.“Help _ (you) to the fruit!” I said to the twins.5.Yesterday, I saw they enjoy

8、ed _ (they) in the park.6.The work _ (it) is easy.himselfourselvesherselfyourselvesthemselvesitself考點(diǎn)四：指示代詞1. 作主語、賓語、表語。 如：This is a fan, and that is an air conditioner.2. 在電話中，用this (我)表示本人，用that (你)表示對方。 如：Hello! This is Jenny (speaking). Whos that? 單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)指近處thisthese指遠(yuǎn)處thatthose考點(diǎn)四：指示代詞3. that和thos

9、e常用于表示對雙方作比較的句子中,代替前文提到的名詞，以避免重復(fù)。that代替前面提到的單數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞；those代替前面提到的復(fù)數(shù)名詞。 如：The weather in Beijing is as cold as that in Qingdao in winter. The population of China is larger than that of Japan. The apples in this shop are much cheaper than those in that shop. 即學(xué)即練用this，that，these或those填空。1. Hello, _

10、is Tom. Who is _ speaking?2. The price of meat is higher than _ of rice.3. The lights in your room are as bright as _ in mine.thatthatthisthose考點(diǎn)五：疑問代詞1. 疑問代詞的用法(1)who（誰）作主語 如：Who is talking there?作賓語（不能位于介詞后） 如：Who were you talking with just now? 作表語 如：Who is the boy under the tree? 考點(diǎn)五：疑問代詞1. 疑問代詞

11、的用法(2) whom（誰）只作賓語 如：With whom did you go? (3) whose（誰的）作主語 如：They are both good at Physics, but whose is better? 作賓語 如：Whose did you borrow, Jims or Toms? 作表語 如：Whose dictionary is this? 作定語 如：Whose T-shirt is blue? 考點(diǎn)五：疑問代詞1. 疑問代詞的用法(4)which（哪個）作主語 如：Which is your favourite, spring, summer or autu

12、mn? 作賓語 如：Which will you choose in the end? 作定語如：Which city will you go? 考點(diǎn)五：疑問代詞1. 疑問代詞的用法(5)what（什么）作主語 如：What makes him cry? 作賓語 如：What do you usually do at weekends? 作表語（用于詢問職業(yè)） 如：What is your father? = What does your father do? 作定語 如：What subject will you learn? 考點(diǎn)五：疑問代詞2. what與which 的區(qū)別 what 指

13、不定數(shù)目中的“什么”,沒有一定范圍內(nèi)的限定； which 指“哪一個,哪一些”,在一定范圍內(nèi)特指人或物。 如：Which skirt do you prefer, this one or that one? 3. who與what在口語中的用法區(qū)別 如：Who is he? What is he? 即學(xué)即練用what, which, who, whom或whose填空。1. _ is your mother? She is a teacher.2. _ is the woman under the tree? She is my English teacher.3. _ did you wan

14、t to say?4. _ did he want, apples, pears or oranges?5. _ did you go to?6. _ book is this?7. To _ did you talk just now?WhatWhoWhatWhichWho / WhomWhosewhom考點(diǎn)六：不定代詞不定代詞分為普通不定代詞和復(fù)合不定代詞。1. 普通不定代詞 some，any，both，all，another，other，each，either，neither，none，one，a few，few，a little，little，many，much 等1. 普通不定代詞常

15、見普通不定代詞的用法辨析(1) one和itone與所替代的名詞是“同名異物”。 如：My eraser is lost. I need to buy a new one. it指的就是原來的事物,是“同名同物”。 如：I bought a new eraser, and I gave it to Mike. 1. 普通不定代詞常見普通不定代詞的用法辨析(2)some和anysome用于肯定句及表示建議、反問、請求的疑問句中,期望得到肯定回答。 如：Ms Green really gives us some useful advice. Would you like some tea? any

16、用于否定句、疑問句或條件狀語從句中。 如：I dont have any good suggestions. If you have any questions, you may ask Joe. 1. 普通不定代詞常見普通不定代詞的用法辨析(3)each和everyeach后面可加of，在句中可作主語、賓語、定語和同位語。 如：Each of them has a ticket. They each have their own tickets. every只能作定語。 如：Every student has a ticket. 1. 普通不定代詞常見普通不定代詞的用法辨析(4)many和m

17、uchmany修飾或替代復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。 如：Not many films are made in Finland. much修飾或替代不可數(shù)名詞。 如：He has much homework to do. 1. 普通不定代詞常見普通不定代詞的用法辨析(5)both和allboth意為“兩者都”，表示復(fù)數(shù)。 如：Both of my parents are keen on sports. all表示三者或以上的“都”。 如：All of the students have got their books. 1. 普通不定代詞常見普通不定代詞的用法辨析(6)either和anyeither意為“

18、二選一”，表示單數(shù)；“either or ”意為“或者或者” 如：There are flowers on either side of the road. any表示三者或以上的“任一”。 如：You dont know any of my friends. 1. 普通不定代詞常見普通不定代詞的用法辨析(7) neither和noneneither意為“兩者都不”,表示單數(shù)；“neither nor ”意為“既不也不” 如：Neither you nor she is able to speak French. none表示三者或以上“都不”。 如：None of us likes comi

19、c books. 1. 普通不定代詞常見普通不定代詞的用法辨析(8)a few, few, a little和littlea few：有幾個，修飾或替代可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。 如：Ill go to buy a few books. few：幾乎沒有 (否定含義)修飾或替代復(fù)數(shù)名詞。 如：He has few friends here. a little：有一點(diǎn)，修飾或替代不可數(shù)名詞。 如：Mary can speak a little Russian. little：幾乎沒有 (否定含義)修飾或替代不可數(shù)名詞。 如：There is little milk in the fridge,is ther

20、e? 1. 普通不定代詞常見普通不定代詞的用法辨析(9)another，other，the other，others和the othersanother泛指范圍內(nèi)的“另外一個”。 如：This T-shirt is too large for me. Can you show me another one? other泛指范圍內(nèi)的“其他”，后面接復(fù)數(shù)名詞，不單獨(dú)使用。 如：Some students are cleaning the windows. Other students are sweeping the floor. 1. 普通不定代詞常見普通不定代詞的用法辨析(9)another，

21、other，the other，others和the othersthe other特指某范圍內(nèi)剩下的全體。 如：The old man has two sons. One is in America and the other is in Canada. others = other + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 如：Some students are cleaning the windows. Others are sweeping the floor. the others = the other + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 如：In our class only Tom is Korean. The others

22、are Chinese. 2. 復(fù)合不定代詞somebody 某人anybody 任何人nobody 沒有人everybody 每人someone 某人anyone 任何人no one 沒有人everyone 每人something 某物anything 任何事nothing 沒有東西everything 每一件事考點(diǎn)六：不定代詞考點(diǎn)六：不定代詞2. 復(fù)合不定代詞(1)一般情況下，由some構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞用在肯定句中； 由any構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞用在疑問句和否定句; 由no構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞表示否定意義。 如：He said nothing. = He didnt say anything

23、.(2)不定代詞作主語時當(dāng)作單數(shù)使用。 如：Something is wrong with her watch.(3)形容詞修飾不定代詞時要后置。 如：Is there anything interesting to tell me? 即學(xué)即練一、選擇適當(dāng)?shù)牟欢ù~填空。 Your dress looks beautiful. Where did you buy _? In Shanghai. I can buy _ for you. (one / it)2. She often feels lonely because she has _ friends. (a few / few / a

24、little / little)3. There is _ water in the bottle, is there? (a little / little)4.I feel _ tired. (a little / little)5.Are there _ ladies in the audience? (some / any)6.Would you like _ water? (some / any)itonefewlittlea littleanysome考點(diǎn)六即學(xué)即練7. Which do you prefer, cola or coffee? _ (Both / All) are OK. / _ (Either / Neither). I want a cup of tea.8. Lucy and Lily are _ from America. (both / all)9. Lucy, Lily and Tom are _ (both / all) from America. And _ (neither / none) of them know(s) Chinese.10. There are many trees on _ sides of the road. (either / both)11. T