中英文中英文文獻(xiàn)翻譯-管理信息系統(tǒng)

1、 Management Information SystemIt is the MIS(Management Information System) that we constantly say that themanagement information system , and is living to emphasize the administration , and emphasizesthat it changes into more and more significantly and more and more is universalized in thecontempora

2、ry community of message . MIS is a fresh branch of learning, and it leaped overseveral territories, and for instance administers scientific knowledge, system science, operationalresearch, statistic along with calculating machine scientific knowledge. Is living on these thebranches of learning base,

3、and takes shape that the message is gathered and the process means,thereby take shape the system that the crossbar mingles.1. The Management Information System Summary20 centuries, in the wake of the flourishing development of whole world economy, numerouseconomists propose the fresh administration

4、theory one by one. Xi Men propose theadministration and was dependent on idea to message and decision of strategic importance in the50s 20 centuries. The dimension of simultaneous stage is admitted issuing cybernetics, and hethinks that the administration is a control procedure. In 1958, Ger. write

5、the lid: “ theadministration shall obtain without delay with the lower cost and exact message, completes thebetter control ”. This particular period, the calculating machine starts being used accountancywork. The data handling term has risen.In 1970, Walter T.Kennevan give administration that has ra

6、ised the only a short while agoinformation system term to get off a definition: “ either the cover of the book shape with thediscount, is living appropriately time to director, staff member along with the outside worldpersonnel staff supplies the past and now and message that internal forecasting th

7、e approachingrelevant business reaches such environment, in order to assist they make a strategic decision”. Isliving in this definition to emphasize, yet does not emphasize using the pattern, and mention thecalculating machine application in the way of the message support decision of strategicimpor

8、tance.In 1985, admonishing information system originator, title Buddhist nun Su Da universityadministration professor Gordon B.Davis give the management information system relativelyintegrated definition, in immediate future “ administer the information system is one usecalculating machine software

9、and hardware resources along with data bank man - the enginesystem. It be able to supply message support business either organization operation, administrationor the decision making function”. Comprehensive directions of this definition managementinformation system target and meritorious service cap

10、acity and component, but also make knownthe management information system to be living the level that attains at that time.1.1 The Developing History of MISThe management information system is living the most primarily phase is counting thesystem, the substance which researched is the regular patter

11、n on face between the incremental data,it what may separate into the data being mutually related and more not being mutually relatedseries, afterwards act as the data conversion to message. The second stage is the data are replaced the system, and it is that the SABRE that theAmerican airline compan

12、y put up to in the 50s 20 centuries subscribes to book the bank notesystem that such type stands for. It possess 1008 bank note booking spots, and may access 600000traveler keep the minutes and 27000 flight segments record. Its operation is comparatively morecomplex, and is living whatever one “spot

13、 ”wholly to check whether to be the free place up someone flight numbers. Yet through approximately attending school up to say, it is only a data andreplaces the system, for instance it can not let know you with the bank note the selling velocitynow when the bank note shall be sell through, thereby

14、takes remedying the step. As a result it alsois administer information system rudimentary phase.The third phase is the status reports system, and it may separate into manufacture state speechand service state and make known and research the systems such as status reports and so on. Itstype stands fo

15、r the production control system that is the IBM corporation to the for instancemanufacture state speech system. As is known to all, the calculating machine corporation that theIBM corporation is the largest on the world, in 1964 it given birth to middle-sized calculatingmachine IBM360 and causes the

16、 calculating machine level lift a step, yet form that themanufacture administration work. Yet enormously complicatedly dissolve moreover, thecalculating machine overtakes 15000 difference components once more, in addition the plant ofIBM extends all over the American various places to every one comp

17、onents once more like worksan element, and the order of difference possess difference components and the difference element,and have to point out that what element what plant what installation gives birth to, hence notmerely giving birth to complexly, fitting, installation and transportation wholly

18、fully complex.Have to there be a manufacture status reports system that takes the calculating machine in order toguarantee being underway successfully of manufacture along with else segment as the base. Hencethe same ages IBM establish the systematic AAS of well-developed administration it be able t

19、ocarry on 450 professional work operations. In 1968, the corporation establishes the communalonce more and manufactures information system CMIS and runs and succeeds very much, the pastneeds 15 weeks work, that system merely may be completed in the way of 3 weeks. It is the datahandling system that

20、the status reports system still possess one kind of shape , and that it is usedfor handles the everyday professional work to make known with manufacture , andstress restswith by the handwork task automation , and lifts the effectiveness with saves the labor power . Thedata handling system ordinarily

21、 can not supply decision of strategic importance message.Last phase is the support systems make a strategic decision, and it is the information systembeing used for supplementary making a strategic decision. That system may program and theanalysis scheme, and goes over key and the error solve a prob

22、lem. Its proper betterperson-machine dialogue means, may with not particularly the personnel staff who have anintimate knowledge of the calculating machine hold conversation. It ordinarily consists of somepattern so as to come into being decision of strategic importance message, yet emphasizecompreh

23、ensive administration meritorious service capacity.1.2 The Application of Management Information System The management information system is used to the most base work, like dump report form,calculation pay and occurrences in human tubes and so on, and then developing up businessfinancial affairs ad

24、ministrations and inventory control and so on individual event operationalcontrol , this pertains to the electron data handling ( EDP Data Processing ) system . Whenestablish the business data bank, thereby possess the calculating machine electric network to attaindata sharing queen , the slave syst

25、em concept is start off , when the implementation the situationas a whole is made program and the design information system ,attained the administrationinformation system phase . In the wake of calculating machine technique progress and the demandadjust the system of people lift further, people emph

26、asize more furthermore administer theinformation system phase. Progress and people in the wake of the calculating machine techniquelift at the demand adjust the system further, people emphasize more furthermore to administer theinformation system whether back business higher level to lead makes a st

27、rategic decision thismeritorious service capacity, still more lay special emphasis on the gathering to the externalmessage of business and integrated data storehouse, model library , means storehouse and elseartificial intelligence means whether directly to decision of strategic importance person ,

28、this is thesupport system ( DDS ) mission making a strategic decision.There is the part application that few business start MIS inner place the limit of the world atthe early days of being living in the 70s 20 centuries. Up at the moment, MIS is living, and therebe the appropriate popularization rat

29、e in every state nation in world, and nearly covered that everyprofession reaches every department.1.3 The Direction of MIS DevelopmentClose 20 curtains; external grand duke takes charge of having arisen3 kinds of alternations:A. Paying special attention to the administration being emphasized to est

30、ablishing MISssystem, and causing the administration technique head for the ageing.B. The message is the decision of strategic importance foundation, and MIS supplies themessage service in the interest of director at all times.C. Director causes such management program getting in touch with together

31、 with theconcrete professional work maneuver by means of MIS. not merely big-and-middle-sized businessuniversally establish MIS some small-size business also not exceptions of self, universallyestablish the communal data network, like the electronic mail and electron data exchange and soon, MIS supp

32、lied the well support environment to the application of Intranets technique tospeedily developing of INTERNET especially in the past few years in the interest of the business.Through international technique development tendency is see, in the 90s 20 centuries hadarisen some kinds of brand-new admini

33、stration technique.1. Business Processes Rebuild (BPR)A business should value correctly time and produce quality, manufacturing cost and technicalservice and so on several section administrations, grip at the moment organization and the processcompose once more,andcompletes that meritorious service

34、capacity integrationist, operationprocessization and organization form fluctuation. 2. Intelligentization Decision Support System (IDSS)The intelligentization decision of strategic importance support system was sufficientlyconsider demand and the work distinguishing feature of business higher level

35、personnel staff.3. Lean Production (LP)Application give birth to on time, comprehensive quality control and parallel project thatpicked amount is given birth to and so on the technique, the utmost product design cutting downand production cycle, raise produce quality and cuts down the reproduced goo

36、ds to reserve, and isliving in the manufacture promote corps essence, in order to meet the demand that clientcontinuously changes.4. Agile Manufacture (AM)One kind of business administration pattern that possess the vision, such distinguishingfeature is workers and staff members quality is high, and

37、 the organization simplifies and themulti-purpose group effectiveness GAO message loading is agile and answers client requiresswiftly.2.The Effect To The Business Administration of MIS DevelopmentThe effect to the business administration of the management information system developmentis administere

38、d the change to business and business administration of information systemdevelopment and come into being and is coming into being the far-reaching effect with. Decisionof strategic importance, particularly strategic decision-making may be assisted by theadministration information system, and its go

39、od or bad directly affects living and the developmentup the business. The MIS is impeding the orientation development that the administration meansone another unites through quality and ration. This express to utilize the administration in thecalculation with the different mathematical model the pro

40、blem in the quantitative analysisbusiness.The past administer that the problem is difficult to test, but MIS may unite theadministration necessaries, and supply the sufficient data, and simulates to produce the term in theinterest of the administration.In the wake of the development of MIS, much bus

41、iness sit up the decentralized messageconcentration to establish the information system ministry of directly under director, and the chiefof information system ministry is ordinarily in the interest of assistant managers grade. After theauthority of business is centralized up high-quality administra

42、tion personnel staffs hand, as ifcausing much sections office work decrease, hence someone prophesy, middle layer managementshall vanish. In reality, the reappearance phase employed layer management among theinformation system queen not merely not to decrease, on the contrary there being the increas

43、e a bit.This is for, although the middle layer management personnel staff getting off exonerate outthrough loaded down with trivial details daily routine, yet needs them to analyses researchingwork in the way of even more energy, lift further admonishing the decision of strategic importancelevel. In

44、 the wake of the development of MIS, the business continuously adds to the demand ofhigh technique a talented person, but the scarce thing of capability shall be washed out gradually.This compels people by means of study and cultivating, and continuouslylifts individuals quality. In the wake of the

45、news dispatch and electric network and file transmission system development,business staff member is on duty in many being living incomparably either the home. Havingcaused that corporation save the expenses enormously, the work efficiency obviously movesupward American Rank Zeros corporation the of

46、fice system on the net, in the interest of thecreativity of raise office personnel staff was produced the advantageous term.At the moment many countries are fermenting one kind of more well-developedmanufacturing industry strategy, and become quickly manufacturing the business. It completely onthe b

47、asis of the user requirement organization design together with manufacture, may carry on thelarge-scale cooperation in the interest of identical produce by means of the business that the flowwas shifted the distinct districts, and by means of the once more programming to the machinerywith to the res

48、ources and the reorganization of personnel staff , constituted a fresh affricationsystem, and causes that manufacturing cost together with lot nearly have nothing to do with.Quickly manufacturing the business establishes a whole completely new strategy dependencerelation against consumer, and is abl

49、e to arouse the structure of production once more revolution.The management information system is towards the self-adoption and Self-learningorientation development, the decision procedure of imitation man who is be able to be better.Some entrepreneurs of the west vainly hope that consummate MIS is

50、encircles the magic drug togovern the business all kinds of diseases; Yet also someone says, and what it is too many isdependent on the defeat that MIS be able to cause on the administration. It is adaptable each otherto comprehend the effect to the business of MIS, and is favor of us to be living i

51、n developmentand the research work, and causes the business organization and administer the better developmentagainst MIS of system and administration means , and establish more valid MIS. 管理信息系統(tǒng)管理信息系統(tǒng)就是我們常說的 MIS(Management Information System),它立足于強(qiáng)調(diào)管理，強(qiáng)調(diào)信息社會(huì)中信息變得越來越重要。MIS 是一門新的學(xué)科，它跨越了許多個(gè)領(lǐng)域，例如管理科學(xué)、系

52、統(tǒng)科學(xué)、運(yùn)籌學(xué)、統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)以及計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)。在這些學(xué)科的基礎(chǔ)上，它通過信息收集和加工的方法定形，從而形成一個(gè)縱橫交織的系統(tǒng)。1管理信息系統(tǒng)概述在 20 世紀(jì)，隨著全球經(jīng)濟(jì)的高速發(fā)展，眾多經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家接連提出了新的管理理論。20 世紀(jì) 50 年代，西蒙提出了管理要依賴于信息和決策的思想。同時(shí)期的維娜發(fā)表了控制論，他認(rèn)為管理是一個(gè)控制過程。1958 年，蓋爾寫到：“管理將是通過較低的成本得到及時(shí)的、準(zhǔn)確的信息來做到較好的控制。”這個(gè)時(shí)期，計(jì)算機(jī)開始被用于會(huì)計(jì)工作。數(shù)據(jù)處理一詞也已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)。在 1970 年 ，Walter T.Kennevan給出現(xiàn)不久的管理信息系統(tǒng)一詞下了一個(gè)定義：“通過書面的形式，在合適的

53、時(shí)間向經(jīng)理、職員以及外界人員提供過去的、現(xiàn)在的、預(yù)測(cè)未來的與企業(yè)內(nèi)部及其環(huán)境相關(guān)的信息，以幫助他們進(jìn)行正確決策?！痹谶@個(gè)定義里強(qiáng)調(diào)了通過信息支持決策的重要性，但并沒有強(qiáng)調(diào)應(yīng)用模型，也沒有提到計(jì)算機(jī)的應(yīng)用。在 1985 年，管理信息系統(tǒng)的創(chuàng)始人，明尼蘇達(dá)大學(xué)的管理學(xué)教授Gordon B.Davis 給了管理信息系統(tǒng)一個(gè)相對(duì)完整的定義，即“管理信息系統(tǒng)是一個(gè)利用計(jì)算機(jī)軟硬件資源以及數(shù)據(jù)庫的人-機(jī)系統(tǒng)。它能提供信息來支持企業(yè)或組織的運(yùn)行、管理和決策功能?！边@個(gè)定義全面的說明了管理信息系統(tǒng)的目標(biāo)、功能和組成，而且了解了管理信息系統(tǒng)在當(dāng)時(shí)達(dá)到的水平。1.1 管理信息系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展歷史管理信息系統(tǒng)在初級(jí)階段是

54、作為統(tǒng)計(jì)系統(tǒng)，所研究的內(nèi)容是在表面的數(shù)量數(shù)據(jù)的規(guī)律，它可以將數(shù)據(jù)分成較相關(guān)和較不相關(guān)的組，然后把數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)換為信息。第二階段是數(shù)據(jù)更新系統(tǒng)，其典型代表是美國(guó)航空公司于20 世紀(jì)50 年代建成的SABRE預(yù)約訂票系統(tǒng)。它擁有 1008 個(gè)訂票點(diǎn)，可以存取 600000 個(gè)旅客記錄和 27000 個(gè)飛行段記錄。它的操作比較復(fù)雜，在任何“點(diǎn)”你都可以查到某一航班是否有空座位。但從概念上來講，它只是一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)更新系統(tǒng)，比如它不能讓你知道以現(xiàn)在的售票速度何時(shí)票將售完，從而采取措施來解決。因而它也是管理信息系統(tǒng)的低級(jí)階段。第三階段是狀態(tài)報(bào)告系統(tǒng)，它可以分成生產(chǎn)狀況報(bào)告、服務(wù)狀態(tài)報(bào)告和研究狀態(tài)報(bào)告等系統(tǒng)。比如生產(chǎn)

55、狀況報(bào)告系統(tǒng)，它的代表是 IBM 公司的生產(chǎn)管理系統(tǒng)。眾所周知，IBM 公司是世界上最大的計(jì)算機(jī)公司，1964 年中型計(jì)算機(jī) IBM360 誕生，這使計(jì)算機(jī)的水平提高了一個(gè)臺(tái)階，但同時(shí)生產(chǎn)的管理工作卻大大復(fù)雜化了，一臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)有超過 15000 個(gè)不同的部件，每個(gè)部件又有若干個(gè)元件，此外 IBM 的工廠遍及美國(guó)各地，不同的訂貨需要不同的部件和不同的元件，還必須指出是什么工廠什么設(shè)備生產(chǎn)什么元件，因此不光光生產(chǎn)復(fù)雜，連裝配、安裝和運(yùn)輸都十分復(fù)雜。為了保證生產(chǎn)以及其他環(huán)節(jié)的順利進(jìn)行，必須要有一個(gè)以計(jì)算機(jī)為基礎(chǔ)的生產(chǎn)狀態(tài)報(bào)告系統(tǒng)。因此同年 IBM 建立了先進(jìn)的管理系統(tǒng) AAS，它能進(jìn)行 450個(gè)業(yè)務(wù)的

56、操作。1968 年，公司又建立了公用制造信息系統(tǒng)CMIS，它運(yùn)行很成功，過去需要15 周的工作，在該系統(tǒng)下只需用 3 周就可以完成。狀態(tài)報(bào)告系統(tǒng)還有一種形式是數(shù)據(jù)處理系統(tǒng)，它用來處理日常業(yè)務(wù)和了解生產(chǎn)，重點(diǎn)在于將手工作業(yè)自動(dòng)化，提高效率的同時(shí)節(jié)省 人力。數(shù)據(jù)處理系統(tǒng)一般不能提供重要的決策信息。最后的階段是決策支持系統(tǒng)，它是用來輔助決策的信息系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)可以計(jì)劃、分析主題，審查解答和求解的誤差。它應(yīng)有較好的人-機(jī)對(duì)話方式，可以和不怎么熟悉計(jì)算機(jī)知識(shí)的人員通話。它一般包括一些模型用以產(chǎn)生決策重要信息，但不強(qiáng)調(diào)全面的管理功能。1.2 管理信息系統(tǒng)的應(yīng)用管理信息系統(tǒng)起初應(yīng)用于最基礎(chǔ)的工作，如打印報(bào)表、計(jì)算工資、人事