新課標(biāo)同步導(dǎo)學(xué)高一英語(yǔ)課件：3.2 Module 3《My First Ride on a Train》（山東專用外研版必修1）

1、Section Grammar一、過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)1過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)一般表示動(dòng)作完成或被動(dòng)的含義，及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞，既表示完成也表示被動(dòng)，不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞只表示完成。boiled eggs熟雞蛋(表完成和被動(dòng))fallen leaves落葉(只表完成，不表被動(dòng))2及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)，與被修飾詞之間構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)含被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的定語(yǔ)從句；不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)主動(dòng)的用完成時(shí)態(tài)的句子。We saw abandoned farms on the way.We saw farms that had been abandoned on the way.我們?cè)诼飞峡吹搅藦U棄的

2、農(nóng)場(chǎng)。 注意：(1)有些單個(gè)的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常放在被修飾詞之后作后置定語(yǔ)。left(剩下的，剩余的)，given(所給的)，concerned(有關(guān)的)。There is only a little food left.只剩下一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)食品了。(2)過(guò)去分詞修飾由some，any，no與body，thing，one構(gòu)成的合成不定代詞以及those時(shí)，放在這些詞后面，作后置定語(yǔ)。Nothing reported in the newspaper interested him.報(bào)紙上沒(méi)有什么報(bào)道引起他的興趣。4過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)與現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別過(guò)去分詞(短語(yǔ))作定語(yǔ)表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)所表示的

3、動(dòng)作之前，及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞還表示與被修飾詞之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系；現(xiàn)在分詞(短語(yǔ))作定語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行或與謂語(yǔ)同時(shí)發(fā)生，與被修飾詞之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系(即主謂關(guān)系)。Have you read the books written by Han Han?你讀過(guò)韓寒寫(xiě)的書(shū)嗎？二、復(fù)習(xí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)1一般過(guò)去時(shí)的意義一般過(guò)去時(shí)主要用來(lái)描述在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)刻發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。它也可以用來(lái)表示在過(guò)去某段時(shí)間里經(jīng)常發(fā)生的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。一般過(guò)去時(shí)用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式表示，動(dòng)詞be有was和were兩種形式。構(gòu)成否定句、疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，一般要借助助動(dòng)詞did，動(dòng)詞be有其獨(dú)特的疑問(wèn)及否定形式。2一般過(guò)去時(shí)的基本用法(1)表示過(guò)去某一具

4、體時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。此時(shí)常與表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)a moment ago，yesterday，last night，an hour ago，just now，during the night，in 2006，last year，in the Tang Dynasty等連用。I met Julia last year.我去年遇見(jiàn)了朱麗葉。Mr Smith came to see you just now.史密斯先生剛才來(lái)找你。The live football match was broadcast last night.足球直播是昨天晚上進(jìn)行的。The fire broke out d

5、uring the night.大火發(fā)生在夜間。They lived here for twenty years.他們過(guò)去曾在這里住了二十年。注意：可以用“used to動(dòng)詞原形”或者“would動(dòng)詞原形”表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。He used to do it.過(guò)去他常常這么做。When I was at school，we would play jokes on little Tom.我上學(xué)的時(shí)候，我們常開(kāi)小湯姆的玩笑。(2)敘述沒(méi)有具體過(guò)去時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。這種用法中常不帶具體的表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，只用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去形式表達(dá)。I was born in Beijing and

6、went to college in Shanghai.我出生在北京，在上海上的大學(xué)。I lost all my money on the way back home.在回家的路上我把所有的錢都弄丟了。I got up early，washed my face，had a quick breakfast and hurried to school.我早早起了床，洗完臉，迅速吃完早飯，匆忙上學(xué)去了。(3)表示過(guò)去將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。Alina said she would come if I promised to wait for he

7、r.艾琳娜說(shuō)如果我答應(yīng)等她，她會(huì)來(lái)的。.用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1Most people_(invite) to the party were famous scientists.答案：invited2The man who set fire to the wood soon got_(catch) by the police.答案： caught3This famous novel_(write) by Mr Smith is worth reading.答案： written4The question_(discuss) yesterday is about pollution.答案： d

8、iscussed5Last Saturday，we ate a nice meal_(cook) by our grandmother.答案： cooked6He_(not go) to bed until 12 oclock.答案： didnt go7He_(catch) a bad cold last week.答案： caught8We_(hold) a basketball match the day before yesterday.答案： held9I_(wake)up and_(find) it was eight oclock.答案： woke；found10She_(get)

9、 up early when she was young.答案： got.單項(xiàng)填空1The washing machine_yesterday doesnt work well.Abeing boughtBboughtCto buy Dto be bought解析：句意為：昨天買的洗衣機(jī)不好用。bought yesterday作后置定語(yǔ)修飾the washing machine。答案： B2My parents often told me “Things_never come again！” Alost BlosingCto lose Dhave lost解析：句意為：失去的東西一去不復(fù)返。l

10、ost作后置定語(yǔ)修飾things。答案：A3Dont use words，expressions，or phrases_only to people with specific knowledge.Abeing known Bhaving been knownCto be known Dknown解析：known only to people with.作后置定語(yǔ)修飾words，expressions，or phrases。答案： D4The computer center，_last year，is very popular among the students in this school

11、.Aopen BopeningChaving opened Dopened解析：opened last year是The computer center的后置定語(yǔ)。答案： D5The girl student was trembling and there was a_look on her face.Afrightened BfrighteningCfrightful Dfrighting解析：由題干中的the girl student was trembling可知，這位女同學(xué)因?yàn)槭芰梭@嚇而發(fā)抖，因此臉上應(yīng)該是害怕的表情。答案： A6I think the boy_by the teach

12、er is Tom.Areferring to Breferred toCbeing refer to Drefers to解析：過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)referred to by the teacher在句中充當(dāng)后置定語(yǔ)，與其邏輯主語(yǔ)the boy構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。若C項(xiàng)改為being referred to也正確。答案： B7Many things_impossible in the past are quite common nowadays.Ato consider BconsideringCto be considered Dconsidered解析：considered impossible i

13、n the past為過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾things，相當(dāng)于定語(yǔ)從句that/which were considered impossible in the past。答案： D8The Chinese people are proud of the success of the 29th Olympic Games_in Beijing in 2008.Ahold BholdingCheld Dto be held解析：由hold與the 29th Olympic Games之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，可排除A、B兩項(xiàng)。由句意“成功舉辦”可知，奧運(yùn)會(huì)已經(jīng)舉辦，不定式作定語(yǔ)表將來(lái)，排除D。hel

14、d過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)，表被動(dòng)和完成。答案： C9China is a_country and we should introduce some science and technology from_countries.Adeveloped；developed Bdeveloping；developedCdeveloping；developing Ddeveloped；developing解析：考查分詞作定語(yǔ)。a developing country發(fā)展中國(guó)家；a developed country發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家。答案： B10There are many_leaves on the ground af

15、ter the strong wind.Afalling BfallenCto be fallen Dhaving fallen解析：落在地上的葉子。答案： B11I was out of town at the time，so I dont know exactly how it_.Awas happening BhappenedChappens Dhas happened解析：此題考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意為：那個(gè)時(shí)間我不在城里，因此我不知道這件事到底是怎么發(fā)生的。由句意可知這件事發(fā)生的時(shí)間與我不在城里為同一時(shí)間，故答案應(yīng)為B。答案： B12Jack has gone to New York，I he

16、ar.Oh，I wonder when he_.Ahad left BleavesCleft Dwas leaving解析：考查時(shí)態(tài)。本題中無(wú)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，但根據(jù)句意：我聽(tīng)說(shuō)杰克已經(jīng)去紐約了。哦，我想知道他是什么時(shí)候離開(kāi)的?？芍诙浒岛鴮?duì)過(guò)去時(shí)間的詢問(wèn)。答案： C13Scientists have many theories about how the universe_into being.Acame Bwas comingChad come Dwould come解析：考查時(shí)態(tài)。主句的時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，由此可知是在現(xiàn)在敘述過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情，所以用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。come into being表示“形成，開(kāi)始存在”，無(wú)被動(dòng)形式。答案： A14Where have you been recently?I_to Hangzhou on business for a week last month.Ahave been BwentChad been Dhad gone解析：考查時(shí)態(tài)