福建專用2022年高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)語法專題6動詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)課件新人教版

1、語法專題六動詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)-2-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納1.(2019天津卷,單項(xiàng)填空)Amy,as well as her brothers, (give) a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.was given句意:埃米和她的兄弟們在上周回村時(shí)受到了熱烈的歡迎。as well as連接兩個(gè)主語時(shí),謂語與它前面的主語保持一致,give和主語有動賓關(guān)系,所以用一般過去時(shí)的被動語態(tài)。2.(2019江蘇卷,單項(xiàng)填空)A few months after he had arrived in China, Mr.Smith (fall)

2、 in love with the people and culture there.fell句意:史密斯先生來到中國幾個(gè)月之后,他愛上了這里的人們和文化。狀語從句使用了過去完成時(shí),此處應(yīng)該使用一般過去時(shí)。3.(2019全國,語篇填空)Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement” award,proud Irene (declare) she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business.declared根據(jù)下文的“she had no plans.”可知,此處講述的是過去發(fā)生的事情,所以用一般過去時(shí)。-3

3、-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納4.(2018全國,語篇填空)Since 2011,the country (grow) more corn than rice.has grown根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語since 2011可知,句子要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),主語是the country,故謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。 5.(2018全國,語篇填空)True to a gorillas unaggressive nature, the huge animal (mean) me no real harm.meant分析本句的句子成分可知,本句缺少謂語,由于講述的是過去發(fā)生的事情,所以要用一般過去時(shí)。 6.(2017全國,語篇填空)Whe

4、n fat and salt (remove) from food,the food tastes as if it is missing something.are removedremove是及物動詞,與fat and salt有邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系,所以用被動語態(tài);由下文tastes可知用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí);又因?yàn)橹髡Zfat and salt為復(fù)數(shù)形式,故填are removed。-4-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納7.(2017全國,語篇填空)Steam engines (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly unpleasant for

5、 the passengers,with all the smoke and noise.were useduse和steam engines之間為動賓關(guān)系,因此用一般過去時(shí)的被動語態(tài)。8.(2017全國,語篇填空)Later,engineers (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels(隧道),which became known as the Tube.managed根據(jù)后面的became可知,這里用過去時(shí)。-5-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納9.(2017全國,語篇填空)Sarah (tell) that she could

6、be Britains new supermodel,earning a million dollars in the next year.has been told/was told根據(jù)句意可知用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或一般過去時(shí)的被動形式,故填has been told或was told。-6-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納一三二四五七六八九十十一十二十三1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主要由動詞的原形表示,當(dāng)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí),謂語動詞形式一般由動詞原形后加-s或-es構(gòu)成。其變化規(guī)則如下:-7-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納一三二四五七六八九十十一十二十三-8-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納一三二四五七六八九十十一十二十三2.表示習(xí)慣性、

7、經(jīng)常性、現(xiàn)在反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的動作或狀態(tài)。He goes to school every day.他每天去上學(xué)。(經(jīng)常性動作)He is very happy.他很高興。(現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài))3.表示永恒的狀態(tài)或真理。 “Life is like walking in the snow,” Granny used to say,“because every step shows.”祖母過去常說:“人生就像在雪中行走,因?yàn)槊恳徊蕉紩粝潞圹E?！盩he moon moves around the earth.月亮繞著地球轉(zhuǎn)。-9-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納一三二四五七六八九十十一十二十三4.在時(shí)間、條件、讓步狀語從句中,如

8、果主句中的動詞用一般將來時(shí),從句中的動詞通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),而不用將來時(shí)。When I have time,Ill go.我有時(shí)間就去。Unless some extra money is found,the theatre will close.除非能再弄到些錢,否則劇院將關(guān)閉。-10-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納一三二四五七六八九十十一十二十三5.時(shí)間表、時(shí)刻表、日程表、節(jié)目單、課程表等按規(guī)定將要發(fā)生的動作,用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)。So what is the procedure?All the applicants are interviewed before a final decision i

9、s made by the authority.那程序是怎么安排的呢?在職權(quán)部門做最后的決定之前所有的申請人都要參加面試。The train leaves at 8 oclock.火車將于8點(diǎn)鐘發(fā)車。-11-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納一三二四五七六八九十十一十二十三1.will表示將來的動作或狀態(tài),常與表示將來的時(shí)間狀語連用。It is reported that a new space station will be built in years to come.據(jù)報(bào)道在以后的幾年里要建一個(gè)新的空間站。Fish will die without water.魚離開水就會死掉。-12-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納一

10、三二四五七六八九十十一十二十三2.be going to(1)表示現(xiàn)在打算或計(jì)劃將來要做的事。We are going to have a meeting today.今天我們要開個(gè)會。(2)表示根據(jù)某種跡象認(rèn)為在最近或?qū)硪l(fā)生的事。It is going to rain.天要下雨了。-13-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納一三二四五七六八九十十一十二十三3.be to(1)表示預(yù)先安排好的計(jì)劃或約定。Are we to go on with this work?我們要繼續(xù)這項(xiàng)工作嗎?(2)表示說話人的意志、意圖、職責(zé)、義務(wù)、命令等。We are to take care of the children.我

11、們應(yīng)該照顧好孩子們。(3)表示注定要發(fā)生的事情。Her plan is to be a failure.她的計(jì)劃注定要失敗。-14-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納一三二四五七六八九十十一十二十三4.be about to表示即將發(fā)生的動作,不與具體的時(shí)間狀語連用,可與when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句連用。The plane is about to leave.飛機(jī)即將起飛。5.will與be going to的區(qū)別will多表示說話時(shí)才做出的決定,或臨時(shí)決定做某事。be going to表示事先經(jīng)過考慮或做好安排將要做某事。What time is it?I have no idea.But just a min

12、ute,I will check it for you.現(xiàn)在幾點(diǎn)了?我不知道。但是稍等一會兒,我?guī)湍愦_認(rèn)一下。-15-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納一三二四五七六八九十十一十二十三1.一般過去時(shí)的構(gòu)成一般過去時(shí)由動詞的過去式表示。規(guī)則動詞的過去式一般由動詞原形加-ed構(gòu)成,其變化規(guī)則如下:-16-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納一三二四五七六八九十十一十二十三-17-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納一三二四五七六八九十十一十二十三2.表示過去時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動作,或者過去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作。Finally he reached a beautiful island which was covered with red flowers and gr

13、een grass.最后他到了一座美麗的島嶼,那里到處是紅花綠草。Havent seen you for ages!Where have you been?I went to Ningxia and stayed there for one year,teaching as a volunteer.很長時(shí)間沒有見你了!你去哪兒了?我去寧夏待了一年,作為一個(gè)志愿者在那里教學(xué)。I read several of Mo Yans works when I was studying abroad.我在國外讀書的時(shí)候讀了莫言的好幾部作品。-18-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納一三二四五七六八九十十一十二十三1.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)

14、行時(shí)的構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成形式為:am/is/are+v.-ing。v.-ing形式的變化規(guī)則如下:-19-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納一三二四五七六八九十十一十二十三2.由“be+v.-ing形式”構(gòu)成,表示此時(shí)此刻正在進(jìn)行的動作。Hi,lets go skating!Sorry,Im busy right now.I am filling in an application form for a new job.嗨,我們?nèi)セ?很抱歉,我現(xiàn)在很忙。我正在填申請新工作的表格。-20-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納一三二四五七六八九十十一十二十三3.go,come,leave,arrive,return,stop,s

15、tart,begin,meet等動詞用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)中表示按計(jì)劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動作。Im leaving for Beijing tomorrow.明天我要到北京去。4.與always,constantly,forever,continually,all the time 等連用,表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或持續(xù)存在的狀態(tài),往往帶有不滿、抱怨或者贊賞等感情色彩。He is always helping others.他總是幫助別人。5.進(jìn)行時(shí)有時(shí)可表示漸變過程。His health is improving every day.他的健康狀況每天都有好轉(zhuǎn)。-21-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納一三二四五七六八九十十一

16、十二十三6.下面四類動詞不宜用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。(1)表示心理狀態(tài)、情感的動詞:like,love,hate,care,believe,want,mind,wish,agree,mean,need等。(2)表示存在的狀態(tài)的動詞:appear,exist,lie,remain,seem等。(3)表示短暫性、一次性動作的動詞:allow,accept,remember,permit,promise,admit,complete等。(4)感官動詞:see,hear,notice,feel,smell,sound,taste,look等。-22-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納一三二四五七六八九十十一十二十三現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)由“

17、have/has+過去分詞”構(gòu)成。其使用通常有兩種情況:1.所表示的動作在說話之前已完成,而對現(xiàn)在有影響,句中沒有具體的時(shí)間狀語。Oh,no!Were too late.The train has left.Thats OK.Well catch the next train to London.哦!不!我們太晚了。火車已經(jīng)開走了。沒關(guān)系。我們將乘坐下一列通往倫敦的火車。-23-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納一三二四五七六八九十十一十二十三2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所表示的動作開始于過去,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,也許還會持續(xù)下去。常與for.和 since.等表示一段時(shí)間的狀語或 so far等表示包括現(xiàn)在時(shí)間在內(nèi)的狀語連用。In

18、 the last few years,China has made great achievements in environmental protection.在過去的幾年中,中國在環(huán)境保護(hù)方面取得了重大成就。Have you heard of the accident on this road last night?Yes.And there have been three accidents here so far this year.昨天晚上這條公路上發(fā)生的事故你聽說了嗎?聽說了。今年到現(xiàn)在為止這里已經(jīng)發(fā)生三起事故了。注意有些表示短暫性動作的詞,如 come,go,die,marry

19、,buy等用于完成時(shí)中不能與for,since等表示一段時(shí)間的詞連用。-24-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納一三二四五七六八九十十一十二十三3.還可用在時(shí)間和條件狀語從句中,表示將來某時(shí)完成的動作,強(qiáng)調(diào)此動作先于主句動作發(fā)生。Ill go to your home when I have finished my homework.我做完了作業(yè)就去你家。Dont get off the bus until it has stopped.公交車停穩(wěn)才能下車。-25-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納一三二四五七六八九十十一十二十三表示在過去某個(gè)時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動作,或者過去某個(gè)階段正在做的事情。She was phoning so

20、meone,so I nodded to her and went away.她當(dāng)時(shí)正在給別人打電話,因此我朝她點(diǎn)了一下頭就走開了。In 1980 he was studying in a university.1980年時(shí),他正在一所大學(xué)里學(xué)習(xí)。-26-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納一三二四五七六八九十十一十二十三表示從過去就預(yù)計(jì)要發(fā)生的動作或者存在的狀態(tài),這種時(shí)態(tài)常用于賓語從句中,主句常用一般過去時(shí)。At college,Barack Obama didnt know that he was to become the first black president of the United States

21、 of America.上大學(xué)時(shí),巴拉克奧巴馬不知道他將來會成為美國的第一位黑人總統(tǒng)。James has just arrived,but I didnt know he was coming until yesterday.詹姆斯剛到,但直到昨天我才知道他要來。-27-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納一三二四五七六八九十十一十二十三1.表示在過去某一時(shí)間或某一動作之前已發(fā)生的動作,也可以表示從過去某一時(shí)間開始的動作或狀態(tài)一直延續(xù)到過去的另一時(shí)間,即“過去的過去”。I found the lecture hard to follow because it had started when I arrived.

22、我發(fā)現(xiàn)我聽不懂這個(gè)講座,因?yàn)槲襾淼臅r(shí)候它已經(jīng)開始了。2.表示未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望、打算、意圖、諾言等,常用had hoped/planned/meant/intended/thought/wanted/expected等或用上述動詞的過去式接不定式的完成式表示,即:hoped/planned.+to have done。I had hoped to send him a postcard,but I forgot to do so.我本來想寄給他一張明信片,但我忘了。-28-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納一三二四五七六八九十十一十二十三現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)是由“have/has been+v.-ing形式”構(gòu)成,用來表

23、示從過去某一時(shí)刻開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在(還要繼續(xù)下去)的動作,它具備“未完性、暫時(shí)性、感情色彩”等特點(diǎn)。The manager has been telling the workers how to improve the program since 9 am.自從上午9點(diǎn),經(jīng)理就一直在跟工人們講如何改進(jìn)這個(gè)項(xiàng)目。It has been raining for 2 days.雨已經(jīng)下了兩天了。(表達(dá)說話者“抱怨”的感情色彩)-29-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納一三二四五七六八九十十一十二十三1.一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)時(shí)間上有差異:凡有明確的過去時(shí)間的均用一般過去時(shí),不能用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),如含有ago,last y

24、ear,just now,the other day。結(jié)果上有差異:現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是對“現(xiàn)在”的影響和結(jié)果,動作到現(xiàn)在剛完成或還在繼續(xù);一般過去時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動作發(fā)生在“過去”,和現(xiàn)在毫無關(guān)系。I came to Beijing last year,and have been here since then.我去年來的北京,自從那時(shí)起我一直在這里。-30-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納一三二四五七六八九十十一十二十三2.一般過去時(shí)與過去完成時(shí)這兩個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)都和現(xiàn)在沒有關(guān)系,都表示過去的動作。但一般過去時(shí)只涉及一個(gè)純過去的動作;而過去完成時(shí)指的是相對于過去的某一特定時(shí)間更早發(fā)生的動作,發(fā)生在“過去的過去”,即過去完

25、成時(shí)至少涉及兩個(gè)過去的動作。When I got to the party,many of them had left for home.當(dāng)我到達(dá)晚會的時(shí)候,他們中的許多人已經(jīng)離開回家了。-31-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納一三二四五七六八九十十一十二十三3.一般過去時(shí)與過去進(jìn)行時(shí)盡管二者所表示的動作都發(fā)生在過去,但一般過去時(shí)著重強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的動作,表示已經(jīng)結(jié)束。而過去進(jìn)行時(shí)僅表示過去某一時(shí)間點(diǎn),一個(gè)動作正在進(jìn)行,有什么樣的結(jié)果不得而知。He wrote three letters last night.他昨晚寫了三封信。(表示他寫了三封信,暗指都已寫完)He was writing a letter at

26、9:00 last night.昨晚九點(diǎn),他正在寫信。(表示當(dāng)時(shí)他在寫信,后來是否寫完就未知了)-32-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納一三二四五七六八九十十一十二十三4.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)(1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動作已完成,著重結(jié)果;現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)是持續(xù)了一段時(shí)間的動作,這個(gè)動作仍在繼續(xù),強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的持續(xù)性。I have painted my new house.我已經(jīng)給我的新房子刷完漆了。(強(qiáng)調(diào)已完成)I have been painting my new house.我一直在給我的新房子刷漆。(強(qiáng)調(diào)動作還在繼續(xù))(2)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示動作的反復(fù),現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一般不表示反復(fù)性。Have you

27、been meeting our teacher these days?這些天來你一直見到我們老師嗎?(強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的反復(fù))Have you met our teacher recently?近來你見過我們的老師嗎?(強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果)-33-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納一三二四五七六八九十十一十二十三1.hardly.when.,no sooner.than.句型中,主句中用過去完成時(shí),從句中用一般過去時(shí)。Hardly had I opened the door when Tom came in.我剛一開門,湯姆就進(jìn)來了。2.since,in the last/past+一段時(shí)間,so far,recently等常

28、與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)搭配。Great changes have taken place in our country in the last few years.我們國家過去的幾年發(fā)生了巨大的變化。-34-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納一三二四五七六八九十十一十二十三3.This/That/It is/was the first/second.time+that從句,若主句中為is,則從句時(shí)態(tài)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí);若為was,則從句時(shí)態(tài)用過去完成時(shí)。This is the first time we have seen a film in the cinema together as a family.這是我們?nèi)胰说谝淮?/p>

29、一起到電影院看電影。4.“by+時(shí)間狀語”要與完成時(shí)搭配使用。You will have learned about 3,000 words by the end of next month.到下月底你(們)將已學(xué)習(xí)3,000個(gè)單詞。-35-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納一三二四五七六八九十十一十二十三5.It+be.before.“要過才”或“在以后才”。在這個(gè)句型中,若be動詞用一般過去時(shí),則before 從句中常用一般過去時(shí);若be動詞用將來時(shí),則before 從句中常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。Im sorry youve been waiting so long,but itll still be some t

30、ime before Brian gets back.很抱歉讓你等了這么久,但布萊恩還要過段時(shí)間才能回來。6.was/were about to do.when.在when引導(dǎo)的從句中,謂語動詞用過去式。I was about to leave when he came in.我正要離開這時(shí)他進(jìn)來了。-36-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納一三二四五七六八九十十一十二十三1.表示狀態(tài)特征的系動詞,如look,sound,feel,smell,taste,prove,appear等構(gòu)成的系表結(jié)構(gòu)。The soup smells good but tastes terrible.這湯聞起來香但嘗起來不好。2.表示

31、主語某種屬性、特征的動詞,如read,write,sell,wash,clean,wear,shut。This kind of material washes easily.這種布料容易洗。3.表示開始、結(jié)束、運(yùn)動的動詞,如begin,finish,start,open,close,stop,end,run等。The shop closes at 6 pm every day.這家商店每天下午六點(diǎn)關(guān)門。-37-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納一三二四五七六八九十十一十二十三語態(tài)說明主語和謂語之間的關(guān)系。英語的語態(tài)分為主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者;被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者,也就是動作

32、的對象,所以只有及物動詞和及物動詞短語才有被動語態(tài)。被動語態(tài)由“助動詞be+過去分詞”構(gòu)成。Shakespeares play Hamlet has been made into at least ten different films over the past years.在過去的這些年里,莎士比亞的戲劇哈姆雷特至少被拍成了十部不同的電影。In some parts of the world,tea is served with milk and sugar.在世界的一些地方,茶被提供的時(shí)候會加牛奶和糖。-38-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納一三二四五七六八九十十一十二十三幾種特殊形式的被動結(jié)構(gòu):1.“

33、be+過去分詞+不定式”形式的被動結(jié)構(gòu)He is reported to have broken a world record.據(jù)報(bào)道他打破了一項(xiàng)世界紀(jì)錄。2.“It+be+過去分詞+從句”形式的被動結(jié)構(gòu)Its said that they have discovered a new star.據(jù)說他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了一顆新星。3.“get+done”構(gòu)成的被動結(jié)構(gòu)get married 結(jié)婚;get hurt 受傷;get lost 迷路;get caught/stuck/trapped 被困-39-.單句填空1.I (hope) to send Peter a gift to congratulat

34、e him on his marriage,but I couldnt manage it.(2019天津,單項(xiàng)填空)had hoped句意:我本來希望給彼得寄一份禮物祝賀他結(jié)婚的,但是我沒能寄成。過去沒寄出禮物,“希望”是在此之前想的,表示過去的過去用過去完成時(shí)。2.The musician along with his band members (give) ten performances in the last three months.(2019江蘇,單項(xiàng)填空)has given句意:在過去的三個(gè)月里,這位音樂家和他的樂隊(duì)成員已經(jīng)進(jìn)行了十場演出。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語in the last t

35、hree months可知,謂語動詞應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí);謂語動詞的形式取決于along with前面的名詞the musician,所以用單數(shù)形式。-40-3.They are trying to make sure that 5G terminals will have _ (install) by 2022 for the Beijing Winter Olympics.(2019江蘇,單項(xiàng)填空)been installed句意:為了北京的冬奧會,他們正在努力確保2022年之前安裝好5G終端。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語by 2022可知,此處用將來完成時(shí)。install和5G terminals有動賓關(guān)系

36、,所以用被動語態(tài)。-41-4.I think Ana (finish) her packing since she started getting things ready early this morning.(2018北京朝陽區(qū)3月模考)has finished句意:我認(rèn)為安娜打包完了,因?yàn)樗裉煸绯烤烷_始準(zhǔn)備。根據(jù)句意以及since可知,要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。5.In other parts of the country including Beijing,however,it _ (know) as “qipao”,which has a history behind it. is know

37、n此處是對客觀情況的一般性描述,應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí);it與know之間存在邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系,故用被動語態(tài)。6.Oh,Kay,so-and-so was here yesterday.She (be) just “the salt of the earth”,isnt she? is由附加問句isnt she可知,此處應(yīng)用is。-42-7.The build-up was exciting as everywhere (decorate) with red. was decorated主句用了一般過去時(shí),故從句也應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。decorate與主語之間是邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系,故用被動語態(tài)。8.She

38、(nod) and said,“Yes,you.” nodded根據(jù)該句中的said可知,這里是過去發(fā)生的事情,故用一般過去時(shí)。9.In the US high school,everything (record) and graded,including your grades on quizzes,tests and final examinations.is recordedeverything和謂語record之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系,且表示客觀情況,故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動語態(tài),即is recorded,與graded呼應(yīng)。-43-10.Over the years,rules (wor

39、k) out to guarantee safety and fairness.have been workedover the years “在過去的幾年里”,常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用;rules與work out為邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系,故用被動語態(tài)。11.It is estimated that more than a third of all work trips in Copenhagen (carry) out on a bike.are carriedwork trips與carry out存在邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系,空處應(yīng)用被動語態(tài);根據(jù)文章的整體時(shí)態(tài)可知,空處應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí);由“a third

40、 of all work trips”可知,空處應(yīng)填are carried。12.Students showed their fear and parents and teachers also _ (express) their great concern about it.expressed根據(jù)該句中的showed可知,該句敘述的是發(fā)生在過去的事情,應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí),故填expressed。-44-13.Taxicabs as we know them today first (appear) in China in the early 20th century,but were the r

41、eserve(備用) of the rich and the powerful.appeared根據(jù)句中的時(shí)間狀語“in the early 20th century”可知,應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。14.Before coming to China,I (warn)that there were awful drivers who would make long detours(繞行) to get higher fares.However,most taxi drivers I have met are nice.was warned/had been warnedI與warn 存在邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系

42、,應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)。時(shí)間狀語為“Before coming to China”,空處可以用一般過去時(shí)的被動語態(tài)。此處也可以強(qiáng)調(diào)空處的動作發(fā)生在來中國這一動作之前,用過去完成時(shí)的被動語態(tài)。-45-15.He must have sensed that I (look) at him.He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly,“Why are you staring at me like that?”was looking根據(jù)后句可知是“正在看著”,所以前句應(yīng)用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。16.Peter went to the library after breakfas

43、t and (write) his essay there ever since.has been writing句意:彼得早飯后去圖書館了,之后一直在那里寫論文。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語ever since可知,此處用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動作從過去持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,接下來可能繼續(xù)進(jìn)行。-46-17.Jane cant attend the meeting at 3 oclock this afternoon because she (teach) a class at that time.will be teaching句意:簡不能參加今天下午三點(diǎn)的會議了,因?yàn)槟莻€(gè)時(shí)候她將正在上課。根據(jù)句意可知,“今天下午三點(diǎn)

44、”是一個(gè)將來的時(shí)間;表示將來某一時(shí)刻正在做某事,應(yīng)該用將來進(jìn)行時(shí)。故填will be teaching。18.Despite the previous rounds of talks,no agreement (reach) so far by the two sides.has been reached句意:盡管之前有好幾輪的會談,但是迄今為止雙方仍然沒有達(dá)成協(xié)議。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語so far可知,空格處用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),agreement與reach之間為被動關(guān)系。故填has been reached。-47-19.More expressways (build) in Sichuan soon

45、to promote the local economy.will be built句意:為了促進(jìn)當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)濟(jì),四川不久將建造更多的高速公路。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語soon可以判斷,句子應(yīng)用將來時(shí);高速公路和建造之間是邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系,故用被動形式。填will be built。20.About China,the most frequently used word by people is “exciting”, since the country (change) every day.is changing句意:關(guān)于中國,人們使用最多的詞就是“激動人心”,因?yàn)檫@個(gè)國家每天都在變化。根據(jù)句中時(shí)間狀語eve

46、ry day可知此處表示變化一直都在進(jìn)行,沒有停下,故用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。-48-.單句改錯(cuò)1.Since she teaches us last term,she has been encouraging me to overcome fear and speak out in class.teachestaught在含since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句的復(fù)合句中,主句為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),從句用一般過去時(shí),故將teaches改為taught。2.Susan set me a good example.I am determined to become an English teacher when I gro

47、w up.Susan后加has蘇珊為“我”樹立好榜樣是過去的事情,并且對“我”產(chǎn)生了影響,所以用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。3.One day he was encouraged me to participate in a speech competition.刪除was根據(jù)語境可知,he與encourage為主謂關(guān)系,不能用被動語態(tài),故刪除was。-49-4.She left quickly and I thought she has gone to work.hashad句意:她很快離開了,我以為她已經(jīng)上班去了?！八习唷?發(fā)生在“我以為”之前,故應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)。5.Instead of punishi

48、ng me,they just hoped that I will never make such a foolish mistake again.willwould主句為一般過去時(shí),賓語從句也應(yīng)用過去時(shí)的相應(yīng)時(shí)態(tài),故將will改為would。6.It is so beautiful a village that I had already visited it many times.(2018河南鄭州模考)hadhave根據(jù)前面的is和后面的many times可知,此處要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),故把had改為have。-50-7.I felt very upset at first,but the

49、encouragement from my teacher keeps me going ahead.keepskept由上文的felt可知,應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí),故改為kept。8.I formally apply for the job and sincerely hope I can accepted.can后加beI與accept是邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系,應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)。故加上be。9.If you missed your grandmother,you just take out your phone and say “hello” to her.missedmiss由 “you just tak

50、e out your phone and say” 可知,從句謂語應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),即miss。10.Today while walking past the train station,I notice two young men carrying some huge bags.noticenoticed本句講述的是過去發(fā)生的事情,故用一般過去時(shí)。-51-11.One day,Jack invites some friends to his home for dinner.invitesinvited由One day并結(jié)合語境可知,此處敘述的是過去發(fā)生的事情,應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí),故此處用invited。12.Just then,a car stopped on the right side,and the driver was offered to help push our car to the roadside.刪除was根據(jù)語境可知,句子主語driver和謂語動詞offer構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,故刪除was。13.How can we passengers legal rights be protecting if something bad happens?protectingprotected此處表示