輪機英語考證學習指南

1、輪機英語考證第一篇輪機英語考證指南TOC o 1-5 h z HYPERLINK l bookmark4 o Current Document UnitlMainPropulsionPlant（主推進裝置）LessonlShipsandMachineryships（船舶和機械）Lesson2HowDoesaMarineDieselEngineWork（船用柴油機是如何工作的）（6）Lesson3DieselEngineConstruction（柴油機結構）（34）Lesson4FuelOilSystem（燃油系統(tǒng)）（65）Lesson5CentralCoolingWaterSystem（中央冷

2、卻系統(tǒng)）（88）Lesson6StartingSystem（起動系統(tǒng)）（102）Lesson7LubricatingSystem（潤滑系統(tǒng)）（119）Lesson8GasExchangeProcess換氣過程）（138）Lesson9OperationandMaintenanceofMainEngine（主機的運行與養(yǎng)護）（152）Lesson10TransmissionSystem（傳動系統(tǒng)）（192）Lesson11ALeapinTechnologyforMarineEngines（船用柴油機技術的一次飛躍）（199）Lesson12MEEngines（ME柴油機）（201） HYPERL

3、INK l bookmark6 o Current Document Unit2AuxiliaryMachinery（輔助機械）（203）Lesson13MarineBoilersandTheirConstruction（船用鍋爐及其結構）（203）Lesson14BoilerMountings，ManagementandMaintenance（鍋爐附件、管理及其結構）（207）Lesson15MarinePumps（船用泵）（220）Lesson16MarineRefrigeration（船舶制冷）（241）Lesson17MarineRefrigerationManagementandFa

4、ultDiagnosis（船舶制冷裝置的管理和故障診斷）（254）Lesson18AirConditioningSystem（空調系統(tǒng)）（271）Lesson19BilgeWaterTreatmentSystem（機艙污水處理系統(tǒng)）（279）Lesson20GarbageManagementandBiologicalSewageTreatment（垃圾處理及生活污水處理）（287）Lesson21OilTreatment（油的處理）（292）Lesson22MarineDesalinationPlants（船用海水淡化裝置）（301）Lesson23TheHydraulicSystemandE

5、quipment（液壓系統(tǒng)和液壓設備）（311）Lesson24CargoHandlingEquipment（貨物裝卸設備）（327）Lesson25AnchorWindlassandMooringWinch（錨機和絞纜機）（330）Lesson26SteeringGear（舵機）（334）Unit3MarineElectrizationandAutomatization（船舶電氣及自動化）（343）Lesson27MarineGenerator（船舶發(fā)電機）（343）Lesson28ParallelingOperationofAlternators（發(fā)電機并車）（355）Lesson29El

6、ectricityDistributionSystem（電力分配系統(tǒng)）（359）Lesson30MarineElectricEquipment（船用電氣系統(tǒng)）（363）Lesson31BasicTheoryofAutomaticControl（自動控制系統(tǒng)）（378）Lesson32TypicalExamplesofAutomaticControlSystem（典型的自動控制系統(tǒng)）（380）Lesson33BasicMeaningofUMSandItsFunction（無人值班機艙基本理論及其功能）（382） HYPERLINK l bookmark10 o Current Document

7、Unit4MarineEngineeringManagement（輪機管理）（383）Lesson34Stand-byEngine（備車）（383）Lesson35Watchkeeping（值班）（387）Lesson36GeneralRulesonWorkinginMachinerySpace（機艙工作基本規(guī)程）（393）Lesson37RegulationsofFireFighting（消防規(guī)則）（399）Lesson38MarineEmergencyArrangementandEquipment（船用應急裝置及設備）（418）Lesson39BunkeringandLubeOilMana

8、gement（加油及潤滑油管理）（421）Lesson40StoresandSpareParts（物料和備件）（437）Lesson41ShiprepairandDocking（修船及進塢）（439）Lesson42SeaTrials（試航）（444）Lesson43PortStateControl（港口國監(jiān)督）（446）Unit5InternationalConventionsandRegulations（國際公約及法則）（453）Lesson44BasicPrinciplestobeObservedinKeepinganEngineeringWatch（值班應遵守的基本規(guī)則）（453）Le

9、sson45MARPOL73/78（73/78防污染公約）（458）Lesson46SOIASConvention（國際海上人命安全公約）（465）Lesson47ISPSCode（國際船舶和港口設施保安規(guī)則）（468）Lesson48ISMCode（國際安全管理規(guī)則）（472）Lesson49MaritimeLabourConvention,2006（2006海事勞工公約）（477）Lesson51OilRecordBook（油類記錄簿）（478） HYPERLINK l bookmark14 o Current Document Unit6Others其它（482）TheGovernoro

10、ftheDieselEngine（榮油機調速器）（482）TroubleShootingandRemedyoftheDieselEngine（柴油機故障分析和排除）（485）MarinePropulsionPlant（船舶推進裝置）（516）Others（其它）（524）Unit7關聯(lián)題（542）（542）Passage1TOC o 1-5 h zPassage2(542)Passage3(543)Passage4(544)Passage5(545)Passage6(546)Passage7(547)Passage8(548)Passage9(549)Passage10(550)Passage

11、11(551)Passage12(552)Passage13(553)Passage14(555)Passage15(556)Passage16(557)Passage17(558)Passage18(559)Passage19(560)Passage20(561)第二篇輪機英語評估指南第一章公共用語(563)第二章機艙日常業(yè)務(566)第三章駕機聯(lián)系(576)第四章應急用語(580)第五章對外業(yè)務聯(lián)系(587)第六章PSC/ISM檢查(592)口述練習題參考答案(601)問答題練習參考答案(611)參考文獻(623)輪機英語考試大綱(624)第一篇輪機英語考證指南UnitlMainPropu

12、lsionPlant(主推進裝置)LessonlShipsandMachineryslups(船舶和機械)0001.Theauxiliaryengineanda.c.generatorcanbeconnectedwithcamB.crossheadC.bulgeD.coupling注：副機和發(fā)電機用聯(lián)軸節(jié)連接，故選Do0002.Thetermmediumspeeddieselengineiscurrentlytakentomeananenginewithanoperatingrotationalspeedof_rpm.below300C.between300t01200B.above1200D

13、.below1200注：術語“中速機”是指運行速度介于300-1200rpm之間的發(fā)動機。(也有說法為300-1000rpm），只能選C,故選Co0003.Therotatingrangeofthelowspeeddieselengineisusuallylowerthan.100rpmB.200rpmC.300rpmD.500rpm洼：術語“低速機”是指運行速度小于300rpm的發(fā)動機，故選Co0004.Amongthemainpropulsionurutsonboardtheshipwiththesamecapacity,thelightestone1S_steamengineB.stea

14、mturbineC.gasturbineD.dieselengine注：船舶使用的各種類型的主推進裝置中，如果產(chǎn)生的功率相同，裝置重量最輕的是燃氣輪機。（比功率大是燃氣輪機的優(yōu)點，同樣功率，內(nèi)燃機中重量最輕，體積也最小。）故選Co0005.Concemingdieselpropelledvessels,theastempoweristoprovideforcontinuousoperationastem“equaltothatavailableforaheadoperationat70percentoftheaheadrpmatratedspeedwhileunderwayandunderal

15、lnormalconditionsat70percentoftheaheadrpmofaveragecontinuousseaspeed洼：柴油機驅動的船舶，倒車轉速一般是正車額定轉速的70%一80%，故選Bo0006,Adieselengineisoperatingat1800rpmanddrivingapropellerat600rpm.Whatisthespeedreductionratio?0.30t01B.3.00t01C.3.33t01D.33.0t01注：減速齒輪箱的減速比=曲軸轉速螺旋槳轉速=1800/600=3，故選Bo0007.Enginedisplacementisequ

16、altothecylinderareatimesthestrokeareatimesthestroke,timesthenumberofcylindersvolumetimesthestrokevolumetimesthestroke,timesthenumberofcylinders注：發(fā)動機的排量=氣缸面積X活塞沖程X氣缸數(shù)目，選B。0008.Inusingreductiongearstoobtainefiicientpropellerspeedstheymustbelocatedattheafterendoftheenginetheycanonlybeusedwithoneenginea

17、tatimetheyeliminatetheneedforcontrollablepitchpropellerstheyareconnectedtotheenginewithaflexiblecoupling注：減速齒輪與發(fā)動機來用柔性聯(lián)軸節(jié)連接，選D。0009.Maximumhorsepowerofadieselengineisattained（）whentheenginerpmispulleddownbyoverloadatratedenginerpmat95%ofratedenginerpmat95%ofaproperlyadjustedgovernorrpmwiththeengineu

18、nderfullload注：柴油機的最大功率是在其額定轉速時產(chǎn)生的，故選BaThetermmoderatespeedwaspreviouslyinterpretedasmeaningaspeedwhichwouldenableavessel（）witlunhalftherangeofvisibility.stoppingB.beingstoppedC.tostopD.tobestopped注：術語“中等速度”以前被解釋為能使船舶在視野的一半距離內(nèi)被停住的速度。根據(jù)題意船舶被停住要使用被動語態(tài)，enable后面要跟動詞不定式，故選D。0011（）canbefoundonmostmediumtol

19、argemerchantvesselsevenifthemainengineiseitherasteamturbineor2-strokecrossheadengine.Themediumspeed4-stroketrunkpistonengineThelowspeed2-strokecrossheadengineThemediumspeed2-strokecrossheadengineThelowspeed4-stroketrunkpistonengine即使主機是汽輪機，或者是二沖程十字頭柴油機，在中到大型的商船上也有采用中速的四沖程筒狀柴油機。B中的二沖程機題目中已有，C中的中速二沖程機

20、和D中的低速四沖程機都不對，只有A的中速四沖程機符合題意，故選A。0012（）allowstheenginetobeplacedwhereverismostsuitable,astheynolongerhavetobealignedwithreductiongearingandshaftingasisthecasewithconventionalinstallations.DieselenginepropulsionB.DieselelectricpropulsionC.SteamenginepropulsionD.Gas,turbinepropulsion洼：柴油電力推進可以使主機布置在最合

21、適的位置，而不用像傳統(tǒng)的推進裝置要求與減速齒輪和軸系對中，根據(jù)題意選B。Dieselelectricpropulsion指柴油電力推進。0013.Mediumspeedengineshavea（）powertoweightratiothantheslowspeedtwostrokes,butduetothehigherspeedstendtohave（）maintenanceintervals.higher;reducedB.higher;increasedC.lower,reducedD.lower;increased.第一篇輪機英語考證指南TOC o 1-5 h zLUNjl17NGYUK

22、AO乏砸rGXUEXI腳NrMr注：中速機比低速二沖程機的功率重量大，但由于速度高，檢修周期較短，故選Ao0014.Thedieselengineissimilartothegasolineengineinthat.Abothofthemareignitedbycompressedairbothofthemaretheformsofexternalcombustionenginesbothofthemhavesparkplugsthepowerisdevelopedbythepistoninthecylinder,注：柴油機類似汽油機在于功率都是由氣缸里的活塞產(chǎn)生的，故選Do0015.Ther

23、easonwhymoreandmoreofthelargemerchantvesselsarebeingpoweredbymediumspeeddieselenginesis.theyoperatebetween150and450rpmtheyareconnectedtothepropellerbygearingtheirsmallersizeandweighttheycanbeconnecteddirectlytothepropellerwithoutgearing洼：越來越多的大型商船以中速柴油機為動力的原因是它們的尺寸小、重量輕，故選Co0016.Gasturbinesdifferfro

24、msteamturbinesinthat.steamratherthangasisusedtotumashaftvaporratherthangasisusedtotumashafttheformerusesgastotumashaftthelatterusesgastotumashaft注：燃氣輪機區(qū)別于汽輪機在于前者使用燃氣去使軸轉動，故選Co0017.Adieselenginewhichisratedfornormaloperationatacrankshaftspeedof800rpm,iscommonlyclassedasa.slow-speeddieselB.medium-spee

25、ddieselC.high-speeddieselD.constant=speeddiesel洼：曲軸轉速800轉分以額定功率正常運行的柴油機稱為中速柴油機，故選Bo0018.一isanopeningforsupplyingseawatertocondensers,pumps,etc.locatedinthehullbelowthewaterlineandhavingmeansfortheattachmentofassociatedpiping.SeachestB.ScupperC.ScuttleD.Seaport注：海底門是向冷凝器、泵等供應海水的進口，位于水線下方的船殼處，可用于連接相應的

26、管路，故選Aoscupper排水口，scuttle天窗。0019.Ashipdesignedforcarryinggoodsrequiringrefrigerationiscalled.reeferB.ro/roshipC.containerD.tanker注：設計用于運輸冷藏物品的船舶是冷藏船，選AoRo/Roship滾裝船。0020.ThedepthoftheshipbelowwaterlinemeasuredverticallytothelowestpartofthehulliscaUed，、trimB.leanC.draftD.tonnage注：船舶水線以下垂直到船殼最低點的深度稱為吃

27、水線，故選Co，0021.Whichofthetermslistedbelowrepresentstheoperationalspeedatwhichexcessiveenginevibrationiscreated?A.Non-harmonicspeed.B.Criticalspeed.C.Maximumspeed.D.Designmaximumspeed.注：臨界速度代表發(fā)動機過度振動產(chǎn)生的運轉速度，故選Bo3.輪機英話考證學習指南LUN7117NGTUKAOLDVGXUEITLtNAAr0022.Whichofthedeviceslistedisinstalledonadieseleng

28、inetoisolatesomeofthecrankshaftvibrationscausedbyrotationalandreciprocatingforces?A.Planetarygearset.B.Torsionalvibrationdamper.TOC o 1-5 h zC.Frictionclutch.D.Airbladderclutch.注：裝在柴油機的振減振器用來隔離由回轉和往復作用力所產(chǎn)生的部分曲軸振動，選B。Planetarygear行星齒輪。0023.dieselengineelectricstartingmotorsgenerallyrequireheavierduty

29、motorsandoperateathighervoltagesthancomparablestartingmotorsforgasolineenginesdueto.A.higherspeedrequiredB.flywheel-effectC.lowerstartingtemperaturesD.highercompressionpressures洼：因為要更高的壓縮壓力，柴油機電起動馬達與類似的汽油機的起動馬達相比，要有更大的功率和更高的電壓，故選D。0024.Somemediumandhigh-speeddieselenginesrequirereductiongearunitstop

30、rovideausefulpropellerspeed.Inmostreductiongears,thebullgear.A.mustchumtheoilinthesumpisconnectedtothepropellershaftisdrivenatthehighestrpmcompensatesforalignmentvariationsbetweentheengineandpiniongear注：中高速柴油機需要減速裝置來提供一個可用(有效)的螺旋槳轉速。大多數(shù)減速裝置，大齒輪與螺旋槳軸連在一起，故選Bobullgear大齒輪。0025.Whenusedwithreversingredu

31、ctiongears,medium-speeddieselenginesshouldbeboltedtotheirfoundationswithfittedboltsatthedriveendandclearance(looselyfitted)boltsinotherlocations.Thisisdoneto.A.maintainalignmentwhentheshipshullisworkinginheavyseasensureenginevibrationscorrespondtothenaturalfrequencyofthehullpermittheenginetoexpandaw

32、ayfromthedrivenequipmentastheengineheatsupandexpandsmaintainenginethrustbearingclearances洼：當與倒車減速裝置一起使用時，中速柴油機應該在傳動端用裝配螺栓與底座連在一起，而在其它地方則用間隙螺栓固定，這樣可使柴油機熱膨脹時留有膨脹余地，故選Co0026.Whentransmittedbyareductiongear,dieselenginespeedisreducedandthetorqueavailableforwork。A.remainsthesameB.isreducedC.isincreasedD.

33、iseliminated注：通過減速裝置，柴油機速度降低，扭矩增加，故選C。0027.Whichofthefollowingstatementsiscorrectconcemingavailableastempowerfordieselmainpropulsionsystems?A.Astempoweristobeprovidedinasufficientamounttosecurepropercontroloftheshipinallnormalcircumstances.Theastempowerofthemainpropellingmachineryistoprovideforconti

34、nuousoperationastemat600/00ftheaheadrpmatratedspeed.Formainpropulsionsystemswithoutreversinggears,controllablepitchpropellersore4.第一篇輪機英語考證指南LUN西17NGYUKAOZ程rGXUEXIaTIINANlectricpropulsiondrive,rumungasternisnottoleadtooverloadconditions.Asternpoweravailablewillbeequaltoaheadpowerwhencontrollablepitc

35、hpropellersareutilized,thusdiscountingtheneedforincreasedoperatingparameters.注：倒車功率必須能提供足夠的功率確保在各種正常情況下能夠對船舶進行適當?shù)目刂疲蔬xA。0028.Whentwomediumspeeddieselenginescoupledinparalleltoacommonpropellershaftthatoperatesatthesamespeedastheengines,whichoftheoperatingconditionslistedwillapply?A.Fullhorsepowerisav

36、ailableaheadandastem.Oneenginemustberunningaheadandtheotherastem.Fullreversingtorqueisnotavailable.Mechanicalreductiongearingisrequired.洼：當兩臺中速柴油機并排連接到同速運轉的普通螺旋槳軸上，需要機械減速裝置，故選D。0029.TheabbreviationM/EisusedtorepresenttheA.measureequipmentC.myengine注：M/E是主機的縮寫，故選D。0030areincreasinglyusedmainelectrica

37、lD.mainengineasmainengineonmerchantvessels,becausetheyhavealughHp/Weightratio.A.SlowspeeddieselenginesC;SteamenginesMedium-speeddieselenginesD.Gasolineengines中速柴油機越來越多地被用于商船，因為它們的功率重量大，敵選B0031.PropulsionofthevastmajorityofcontemporarymerchantslupsandVLCCs)utilizesA.gasturbineasprimemover.dieselengin

38、e。especiallycontainershipssteamengineD.gasolineengine當前多數(shù)商船的動力裝置尤其是集裝箱船和超大型船使用柴油機作為原動力，故選B。0032.Typicalmarinepropulsionplantsincludedirectlycoupledtothevesselssinglelarge-diameter,fixed-pitchpropeller.A.asingle,long-stroke,slow-speed,turbocharged,two-strokedieselengineasingle,long-stroke,medium-spee

39、d,turbocharged,four-strokedieselenginetwomedium-speed,turbocharged,four-strokedieselenginesavariable-speedac.generator洼：典型的船用動力裝置包括單臺低速、長沖程、渦輪增壓二沖程柴油機，故選B。0033.Withtheenginentednottobealignedwithreductiongearsorpropellershaft.A.DieselenginepropulsionSteamenginepropulsionDieselelectricpropulsion.Gast

40、urbinepropulsion注：采用柴油電力推進裝置，柴油機不需要與減速裝置或螺旋槳軸對中，故選B。0034.Dieselenginesinsteadofsteamengineswereusedasmainen;ineonboardshipsismainlybecause.輪機英語考證學習指南LUN西1ZVG17JKAO乏陋GXUEh7乏田NANA.theyhaveahighmechanicalefficiencyB.theyhaveahighthermalefficiencytheyaremorereliableD.theyhavealargevolume注：柴油機替代汽輪機用作船舶的主

41、機主要是因為它們有高的熱效率，故選B。0035.Whenashipinloadedconditionfloatsatarbitrarywaterline,itsdisplacementis-_totherelevantmassofwaterdisplacedbytheship.A.equalB.largerC.smallerD.equivalent注：當一條載有貨物的船在任何吃水線時，她的排水量等于載貨船舶的總重量，故選Aa0036.Thedisplacementofashipistothetotalweight,alltold,oftherelevantloadedship.A.larger

42、B.equalC.smallerD.equivalent注：船舳的排水量等于人們所說的載貨船舶的總重量i故選B。0037.Whichoneisnottrue?A.Twomainareasofskillareinvolvedintheconstructionofslup.Therearedistinctdivisionsinresponsibilitiesbetweennavalarchitectsandmarineengineers.Eachslupwillassumevaryingproportionsaccordingtoitstype.Shipscanbedividedintodiffe

43、rentcategoriesfromdifferentperspectives.注：造船工程師和輪機員在職責上有明確的區(qū)別，故選Ba0038.Whyagearboxisneededinashipdrivenbyamedium-speeddieselengine?A.Toreducethemainenginespeed.B.Toincreasethemainenginespeed.Togovernthemainenginespeed.D.Tofixthepropellershaft.洼：中速柴油機的齒輪箱是用來固定螺旋槳軸的，故選D。0039.Apropeller,inordertooperat

44、eefficiendy,mustrotateatarelativelyspeed.A.highB.lowC.fastD.lowly注：螺旋槳旋轉時低速才高效，故選BaLesson2HowDoes-aMarineDieselEngineWork（船用柴油釩是i何工作的）0040.一arrangementshavelowtemperatureairandhightemperatureexhaustgaspassingthroughadjacentports,causingtemperaturedifferentialproblemsfortheliner-material.A.Loopscaven

45、geB.CrossscavengeC.UruflowscavengeD.Supercharge注：回流掃氣布置有低溫的進氣和高溫的排氣通過鄰近的氣口，會對缸套材料產(chǎn)生溫差問題。Loopscavenge（回流掃氣）Crossscavenge【橫流掃氣）Uniflowscavenge（直流掃氣）Supercharge（增壓）。按題意，選A。0041.一scavengemeansbothexhaustportsandscavengeportsarearrangedtothesameside.A.UniflowB.CrossC.LoopD.Straight注：回流掃氣意思是掃氣口和排氣口都布置在同一側

46、，故選C。0042.一tappetclearancewillcausetheexhaustvalvetoopenearlyandcloselateincycleandwillincreaseitsmaximumlift.J.A.ExcessiveB.InsufficientC.CorrectD.Noneoftheabove6-第一篇輪機英語考證指南LUN玨刪G托廠尉O之砸淞捌E皿乏匝胞W注：排氣閥挺桿間隙過小將引起其在循環(huán)中早開遲關并增加其升程（A是間隙過大，C是間隙適當），故選Botappetclearance挺桿間隙。0043.一tappetclearancewillcausetheexh

47、austvalvetoopenlateandcloseearlyincycleandwillreduceitsmaximumlift.A.CorrectB.InsufficientC.ExcessiveD.Noneoftheabove注：排氣閥挺桿間隙過大將引起其在循環(huán)中遲開早關并減少其升程，（與上題比較）故選Co0044.thecylinderwillcontainagreatweightofairandwillbecapableofburningagreatquantityoffuel.A.AttheendbeginningofthecompressionstrokeAtthebeginn

48、ingofthesuctionstrokeAttheendoftheworkingstrokeAttheendoftheexhauststroke洼：在壓縮行程初，氣缸內(nèi)將容納了大量的空氣，并能燃燒大量的燃油，選Ao0045.一thesuperchargepressureis,poweranenginedevelops.A.Thehigher;themoreB.Higher;moreC.Higher;litdeD.Thehigher;theless注：增壓壓力越大，柴油機輸出功率越大，故選Ao0046.一usuallyhelpstoinduceairmovementtoassistcombus

49、tion.A.CylindercoverB.Mainbearing,C.Thee:chaustvalve.D.Thepistonmovement注：活塞的運動有助于空氣在氣缸中流動，以利燃燒，故選Do0047.Achargeoffreshairisdrawnintotheenginecylinderandthenbythemovingpiston_veryhighpressure.A.pressed;toB.pressurized;withC.pushed;inD.compressed;to洼：新鮮空氣被吸人到發(fā)動機氣缸內(nèi)，然后被運動的活塞壓縮到很高的壓力，故選Do0048.Adieselen

50、gineissimilartoagasolineengineexceptthattheformerhasno_A.cross-headB.cylinderC.connectingrodD.sparkplug注：柴油機與汽油機類似，但是無火花塞，故選Doexceptthat除去一點之外。0049.Alowspeedenginerequiresreductiongearboxitandpropeller.A.none;bothB.no;bothC.none;betweenD.no;between注：低速發(fā)動機用作主推進裝置時，不需要減速齒輪箱（介于發(fā)動機和螺旋槳之間），選Do0050.Areduc

51、tioninloadonadieselengineresultsinofspeedofthecrankshaft.A.areductionB.anincreaseC.anoutingD.adownwards注：柴油機負荷減少會導致曲軸轉速上升，選Bo0051.Anincreaseinloadonadieselengineresultsinofspeedofthecrankshaft.A.areductionB.anincreaseC.anoutingD.adownwards洼：發(fā)動機負荷增加會導致曲軸轉速下降，選Ao0052.Anindicatordiagramisapressure-volu

52、megraphtakenfromthepressureintheofaworkingengine.A.crankcaseB.fuelpumpC.scavengetrunkD.cylinder7.輪機英語考證學習指南LUN口17NGTUKAO趔礎XUE17aTl7NAN注：示功圖可以用來表達發(fā)動機工作時某個缸內(nèi)壓力與體積的關系，選D。0053.Asaheatengine,energyis-thesovrceofpowerbywhichthedieselenginecanbeoperated.A.electricB.heatC.mechanicalD.exhaust注：柴油機作為熱機，熱能是其功率

53、的來源，故選B。0054.Atleastcylindersinatwo-strokeenginewillbeconfiguredtoensurethattheenginecanbestartedwiththecrankshaftatwhateverposition.A.6B.12C.4D.8注：二沖程柴油機要能正常工作至少需要4個氣缸，故選C。0055.Atleastcylindersinfour-strokeenginewillbeconfiguredtoensurethattheenginecanbestartedwiththecrankshaftatwhateverposition.TO

54、C o 1-5 h zA。6B2C12D8注：四沖程柴油機要能正常工作至少需要6個氣缸，故選A。0056.Charging-airpressureincreasesifthereismcorrectcombustionanddropintheofthedieselengine.A.machineefficiencyB.machineryefficiencyC.mechanicalefiiciencyD.mechanicsefficiency注：如果柴油機燃燒不良，機械效率下降，進氣空氣壓力就會提高，故選C。0057.Dieselenginesarestartedbysupplyingintot

55、hecylindersintheappropnatesequencefortherequireddirection.A.coolingwaterB.compressingairC.compressedairD.cylinderoil注：柴油機的起動是通過按所需要的方向以合適的順序向氣缸通入壓縮空氣來實現(xiàn)的。壓縮空氣是被壓縮的空氣，應該用過去分詞，故選C。0058.Dieselenginesarestartedbysupplyingintothecylindersintheappropriatesequencefortherequueddirection.-A.fueloilB.dieseloi

56、lC.compressedairD.jacketwater洼：柴油機的起動是通過按所需要的方向以合適的順序向氣缸通入壓縮空氣來實現(xiàn)的，（見上題）故選C。0059.Dueto_actionofpistonssomerelativemotionbetweenpartsincontactinthecoolantsupplyandreturnsystem.mustoccur.A.reciprocatingB.rotatingC.runningD.removing注：由于活塞的往復運動，與冷卻劑供應及返回管路接觸的部件之間的某種相對運動必然發(fā)生，故選A。0060,Duringthesuctionstro

57、ke,thepistonismoving.inwardsB.outwardsC.downwardsD.upwards注：吸氣沖程期間，活塞下行故選C。0061.Duringworking,whenthepistonisnearthe,theairignitesthefinesprayoffuel.A:TDCB.DTCC.BDCD.BCD注：發(fā)動機工作時，當活塞接近上止點時，空氣便點燃細霧狀的燃油，（TDC是上止點，BDC是下止點。）故選A。0062.Enginereferstotherelativetimeofpositionofcrank,atwhicheachoperationduring

58、thecycleiscommencedandiscompleted.&第一篇輪機英語考證指南LUN面YINGTUKAO乏皿鵬XUEXI2田NA,YAtimingBdeviationCfiringorderDphase注：發(fā)動機的定時指的是曲拐位置的相對時間，在此定時下，循環(huán)的每個動作開始和完成，故選A。0063.Enginereferstotherelativetimeofpositionofcrank,atwhicheachoperationduringthecycleiscommencedandiscompleted.A.timingB.powerC.firingorderD.deadce

59、nter注：發(fā)動機的定時指的是曲拐位置的相對時間，在此定時下，循環(huán)的每個動作開始和完成，（見上題）故選A。0064.Exhausttemperatureincreasesinallcylinders,thepossiblecausemaybeIincreasedscavengingairtemperatureIIairinfuelpumpsandfuelvalvesIIIfoulingofairandgaspassages.，AI+IIB，I+IIICII+IIIDI+II+IIITOC o 1-5 h z注：所有氣缸的排溫上升，可能原因有：掃氣空氣溫度過高，空氣和廢氣通道污垢，噴油泵和油頭存

60、在空氣往往會造成噴油延時，故選B。0065.Foradieselengine,whenthepistonisatthe,thecylindervolumeisthelargest.ATDCBDTCCBDCDDBC注：當活塞處于下止點時，活塞和氣缸構成的容積最大，故選C。0066.Foranordinaryfour-strokedieselenginetheexhaustvalvesclose.A.afterTDCB.beforeTDCC.afterBDCD.beforeBDC注：對于四沖程機，排氣閥往往在上止點之后關閉，故選A010067.Foranordinaryfour-strokeeng