2023版高考英語一輪總復(fù)習(xí)第一部分教材知識梳理Unit4AdversityAndCourage課件新人教版選擇性必修第三冊

1、UNIT 4ADVERSITY AND COURAGE核心單詞閱讀詞匯1.adversity n.困境；逆境2.wage n.工資3.expedition n.探險；遠征；探險隊4.vigour n.精力；力量；活力5.cupboard n.櫥柜；壁櫥；衣柜6.steward n.(輪船、飛機或火車上的)乘務(wù)員；服務(wù)員7.crush vt.毀壞；壓壞；壓碎n.擁擠的人群8.stove n.爐具；廚房灶具9.blanket n.毯子10.bango n.班卓琴(樂器)11.voyage n.& vi.航海；航行12.navy n.海軍；海軍部隊13.decent adj.相當(dāng)不錯的；正派的；得體

2、的14.cosy adj.溫馨的；舒適的15.crew n.(輪船、飛機等上面的)全體工作人員；專業(yè)團隊；一群人16.bark vi.& n.(狗)吠叫；吠叫聲17.rugby n.橄欖球運動18.bat n.球拍；蝙蝠vi.& vt.用球板擊球；揮打；拍打19.damp adj.潮濕的；濕氣重的20.nephew n.侄子；外甥21.corporate adj.公司的；法人的；社團的22.navigator n.領(lǐng)航員；(飛機；船舶等上的)航行者23.motor n.發(fā)動機；馬達adj.有引擎的；機動車的24.episode n.(人生的)一段經(jīng)歷；(小說的)片段；插曲25.motive n

3、.動機；原因；目的26.Confucianism n.孔子學(xué)說；儒家(學(xué)說)高頻詞匯1._ adj.嚴(yán)寒的；激烈而不愉快的；味苦的2._ adv.& prep.上(船、飛機、公共汽車等)3._ vi.沉沒；下沉；下降vt.使下沉；使沉沒4._ vt.舍棄；拋棄；放棄bitteraboard5._ adj.脾氣好的/壞的sinkabandon6._ n.娛樂；消遣；游戲7._ n.候選人；應(yīng)試者good/badtemperedrecreationcandidate拓展詞匯1._ vt.忍耐；忍受；持續(xù)；持久endurance n.忍耐力；耐久力endurequalifiedqualificati

4、on2.qualify vt.取得資格(或?qū)W歷)；合格；使合格；使具備資格_ adj.符合資格；具備的知識(或技能、學(xué)歷等)_ n.資格；資歷；資格證enthusiastic3._ adj.熱情的；熱心的enthusiasm n.熱情；熱心4.assign vt.分派；布置；分配_ n.工作；任務(wù)；布置；分派assignment5._ n.& vt.羨慕；妒忌envious adj.羨慕的；嫉妒的envybelongingsmiserableselfish6.belong vi.屬于_ n.pl.財物；動產(chǎn)7.misery n.痛苦；悲慘_ adj.痛苦的；令人難受的selflessselfl

5、esslygenuine8.self n.自己；自我_ adj.自私的_ adj.無私的_ adv.無私地9._ adj.真正的；真誠的；可信賴的genuinely adv.真正地；真誠地10.persevere vi.堅持；孜孜以求_ n.毅力；韌性；不屈不撓的精神perseveranceresolution11.resolve vi.& vt.決定；決心；解決(問題或困難)n.決心；堅定的信念_ n.決議；解決；堅定12._ adj.殘酷的；殘忍的；冷酷的cruelly adv.殘酷地；殘忍地_ n.殘酷；殘忍cruelcruelty13.thorough adj.深入的；徹底的；細(xì)致的_

6、adv.徹底地；完全地thoroughly14.furnish vt.(為房屋或房間)配備家具_ adj.配備好家具的_ n.家具furnishedfurniture15.fortune n.運氣；財富fortunate adj.幸運的_adv. 幸運地_ adj. 不幸的_ adv. 不幸地；遺憾地fortunatelyunfortunateunfortunately16.guide vt.指導(dǎo) n.導(dǎo)游；指南；指導(dǎo)手冊_ n.指導(dǎo)；引導(dǎo)；導(dǎo)航guidanceadvertise17._ vt.& vi.公布；宣傳；做廣告_n.廣告advertising n.廣告活動；廣告業(yè)advertise

7、ment18.rough adj.洶涌的；粗糙的；粗略的_ adv.粗糙地；粗略地roughlyloyalloyally19._ adj.忠誠的；忠實的_ adv.忠誠地；忠實地loyalty n.忠誠；忠實mit vt.承諾；保證(某個人、機構(gòu)等)vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活動等)_ n.承諾；保證；奉獻(續(xù)表)聯(lián)想積累【派生構(gòu)詞】1.endure(去掉 e)anceendurance(動詞名詞后綴-ance同義名詞)guide(去掉 e)anceguidance 指導(dǎo)；引導(dǎo)；導(dǎo)航performanceperformance 表演；表現(xiàn)assistanceassistance 幫助ap

8、pearanceappearance 出現(xiàn)；外表2.recreate(去掉 e)ionrecreation動詞(去掉 e)名詞后綴-ion同義名詞contribute(去掉 e)ioncontribution 貢獻operate(去掉 e)ionoperation 手術(shù)；運作；行動relate(去掉 e)ionrelation 關(guān)系communicate(去掉 e)ioncommunication 交流【合成構(gòu)詞】goodtempered(形容詞名詞形容詞詞尾-ed新形容詞)warmhearted 熱心腸的absentminded 心不在焉的coldblooded 冷血的shortsighte

9、d 近視的重點短語1.turn sb._ 拒絕(某人)2.keep ones spirits _ 讓某人情緒高漲3.make _ 成功；做到4.hold _ 稍等；(打電話)別掛斷；堅持?。焕^續(xù)5.become stuck _ 陷入；困入6.set _ 出發(fā)，動身；點燃；使爆炸；引起downupitoninoff7._ ones guidance 在某人的指導(dǎo)下8.consist _ 由組成9._ fire 生火10.give _ 發(fā)出(熱、光、氣味或氣體)11.pay _ 償還；報復(fù)；回報underofmakeoffback精選佳句教材原句1.Well, _ so _ _ one morni

10、ng Ibought a newspaper and read the advertisement about the Antarcticexpedition.哦，有一天早上我碰巧買了一份報紙，看到了南極探險的廣告。ithappenedthat句式結(jié)構(gòu)句式 1：It特殊動詞(詞組)that 從句2.But I was _ enthusiastic about the idea of goingalong with them _ I secretly went aboard his ship, theEndurance, and hid in a small cupboard. 但是我對和他們一

11、起去的想法非常熱切，所以我偷偷地登上了他的船“堅忍”號，藏sothat在一個小柜子里。句式結(jié)構(gòu)句式 2：so.that.意為“如此以至”教材原句教材原句aslongasyoupersevere3.It will eventually lead to success _ _ _ _.只要你堅持不懈，最終就會成功。句式結(jié)構(gòu)句式 3：as long as 引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句教材原句Ifitwerentfor4._ _ _ _ sea animals, wewould all starve.如果沒有海洋動物，我們都會餓死。句式結(jié)構(gòu)句式 4：if 引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句My name is Perce Blac

12、kborow and I have been 1._(dream) of an expedition to Antarctica with Sir Ernest Shackleton.One day, I read the 2._ (advertise) about the Antarcticexpedition in the newspaper, but when I applied to join it, I wasturned 3._ because I was too young and inexperienced.Igot aboard the ship without 4._ (p

13、ermit) and hid in asmall cupboard, but was discovered three days later.dreamingadvertisementdownpermission課文復(fù)現(xiàn)Shackleton assigned me 5._ (be) a steward, and I cookedfor twenty-eight men.How excited I was! The journey was6._ (hard) than I expected.When we went near theAntarctica, our ship became stuc

14、k 7._ the ice and got8._ (crush).Before 9._ (abandon) the ship,we were only allowed to take some of our necessities and throwaway the rest.We were camping on the ice, but with spring coming,the ice began to melt.to beharderincrushedabandoningHaving struggled for days, the conditions on Elephant Isla

15、ndwere going from bad to worse.Shackleton left us to find help onSouth Georgia Island, which is 1，330 kilometres away.There wasno food on the island except seals or penguins we sometimescaught.I was in low spirit.However, with the genuine concern ofFrank and Ernest, I was filled with hope and though

16、t there was10._ chance we would return home, after all.a單句語法填空qualificationfurniture1.Previous teaching experience is a necessary _(qualify) for this job.2.Each piece of _ (furnish) in their home suitedthe style of the house.sank3.When I saw a little girl crying there, my heart _(sink) and wanted to

17、 help her out.4.The guide was _ enthusiastic that she offered mesome practical advice.sooff5.People tend to set _ fireworks during the festival,which may cause serious pollution.assignment6.Develop good habits, like writing down your _(assign) and handing in your homework on time.7.You can turn to y

18、our teachers for _ (guide)when you are in trouble.guidanceFortunatelycruelly8.This is the final chance for Tom to take the driving test._ (fortunate), he passed the test finally.9.The man was condemned to six years in prison for treatinghis wife _ (cruel).belongings10.Having sold most of his _ (belo

19、ng), theprofessor almost had nothing left in the house.1.qualified adj.符合資格；具備的知識(或技能、學(xué)歷等)【 原句】 However, when I applied to join the expedition,Shackleton turned me down because he thought I was too youngand wasnt qualified.(教材 P38)然而，當(dāng)我申請加入探險隊時，沙克爾頓拒絕了我，因為他認(rèn)為我太年輕，不合格?！镜淅?Honestly speaking, I dont k

20、now much about it, so I dontfeel qualified to comment.老實說，我對它不太了解，所以我覺得我沒有資格發(fā)表評論。This training course will qualify you for a better job. 本培訓(xùn)課程將使你勝任更好的工作?！練w納】be/feel qualified to do sth.有資格做某事be qualified for 具備資格的；適合擔(dān)任的【拓展】(1)qualify vt.使具備資格vi.合格qualify for.取得的資格qualify sb.for.使某人能勝任qualify sb.to d

21、o.使某人有資格做(2)qualification n.資格；資歷；資格證have (no) qualifications for (doing) sth.(沒)有做的資格have (no) qualifications to do sth.(沒)有做的資格【即學(xué)即用】單句語法填空qualifiedqualifications(1)The applicant isnt _ (qualify) to do the job as hedidnt have the relevant experience required for the job.(2)Apart from a high school

22、 diploma and some experiencewith animals, there are no standard _ (qualify) forthe job.完成句子，每空一詞isqualifiedfor(3)一個具有文學(xué)藝術(shù)欣賞力的人能勝任這項工作。A person with an appreciation of art and literature _ _ the job.2.assign vt.分派；布置；分配【原句】 He assigned me to be a steward, and I now servemeals for twentyeight men, thr

23、ee times a day.(教材 P38)他指派我做乘務(wù)員，我現(xiàn)在為二十八個人提供膳食，一日三餐?！镜淅?The teacher assigned a different task to each of thechildren.老師給每個孩子分配的任務(wù)都不相同。Which police officer has been assigned to this case ？哪一位警官被指派負(fù)責(zé)這個案件？【歸納】assign sb.sth.assign sth.to sb.分配給某人某物assign sb.as sth.指派某人任某一職務(wù)assign sb.to do sth.指派某人做某事【拓展

24、】assignment n.C，U(分派的)工作，任務(wù)；U(工作等的)分派，布置【即學(xué)即用】單句語法填空to teachassignments(1)They volunteered to be assigned _ (teach) inrural areas because they are eager to help develop rural education.(2)The teacher demanded that we should hand in our_ (assign) involved in the protection of wildanimals tomorrow.3.a

25、bandon vt.舍棄；拋棄；放棄【原句】 Before we abandoned the ship, Shackleton calmlycalled us together and told us to rescue our most essential supplies the small boats, our food, the cook stove, candles, clothes, andblankets.(教材 P38)在我們棄船之前，沙克爾頓平靜地把我們召集在一起，告訴我們搶救最重要的物資小船、食物、炊具、蠟燭、衣服和毯子。【典例】 In view of my poor he

26、alth, Im considering abandoningsmoking soon.鑒于我身體不好，我正在考慮盡快戒煙。 Playing computer games is harmful to your health.Dontabandon yourself to this kind of pleasure.玩電腦游戲?qū)δ愕慕】涤泻?。不要沉溺于這種享樂中。We saw the abandoned farms which were built more than ahundred years ago.我們看到了那些建于一百多年前的廢棄農(nóng)場。【歸納】abandon doing sth.放棄做

27、某事abandon oneself to (doing) sth.使某人自己沉溺于(做)某事【點津】abandon oneself to 中的to 為介詞，后跟名詞、代詞或v.ing形式?！就卣埂縜bandoned adj.被遺棄的；廢棄的；放縱的(可作前置定語或表語)【即學(xué)即用】carryingabandoned單句語法填空(1)They abandoned _ (carry) out the plan for lackof enough money.(2)Mr.Johnson lived in the woods with his wife and children.He owned a

28、farm, which looked almost _ (abandon)mitment n.承諾；保證；奉獻【原句】 And he paid us back by his commitment to save usfrom a slow but painful death.(教材 P45)他用承諾來回報我們，讓我們免于緩慢而痛苦的死亡。【典例】Take a deeper look at the person behind the face before youmake a commitment.一定要在做出承諾前深入地了解這個人。He committed an unforgivable er

29、ror in handling thisbusiness.他在處理這一業(yè)務(wù)時犯了一個不可原諒的錯誤。The government is committed to greatly developingeducation in the country.政府決心要大力發(fā)展本國的教育事業(yè)?！練w納】make a commitment 做出承諾【拓展】(1)commit vt.承諾；保證(某個人、機構(gòu)等)vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活動等)commit a crime/an error 犯罪/錯誤commit oneself to (doing) sth.承諾做某事；致力于做某事commit to.忠

30、于(2)committed adj.盡心盡力的；堅定的；堅信的be committed to (doing) sth.be devoted/dedicated to (doing)sth.致力于做某事【即學(xué)即用】單句語法填空working(1)I would advise people to think very carefully aboutcommitting themselves to _ (work) Sundays.(2)He made a _ (commit) to himself that hewould never show any prejudice to cleaning

31、women.完成句子，每空一詞(3)不經(jīng)人允許使用他人的財物等于犯罪。To use someones property without permission is to _ _.commitacrimecommitment1.turn sb.down 拒絕(某人)【原句】 However, when I applied to join the expedition,Shackleton turned me down because he thought I was too youngand wasnt qualified.(教材 P38)然而，當(dāng)我申請加入探險隊時，沙克爾頓拒絕了我，因為他認(rèn)為

32、我太年輕，不合格?！镜淅緾ould you please turn up the heat? I feel freezing cold. 你能把暖氣調(diào)大點嗎？我覺得冷得要命。Please turn the volume down, for I cant get what my friendsaid on the phone.請把音量調(diào)低些，我都聽不清我朋友在電話里說了些什么?！就卣埂縯urn down 調(diào)小；拒絕turn up 調(diào)大；出現(xiàn)turn out 證明；結(jié)果是turn over 移交；翻身；翻閱【即學(xué)即用】downoverupout單句語法填空(1)Tom had to turn _

33、 the invitation to the party lastweekend because he was too busy.(2)I felt a little bored with reading the book, just turning_ the pages.(3)Dont worry.Im sure your missing glasses will turn _sooner or later.(4)Unexpectedly the weather turned _ pretty nice thatday.2.hold on 稍等；(打電話)別掛斷；堅持??；繼續(xù)【原句】Hold

34、 on now, Perce.(教材 P39)要堅持住啊，珀西。【典例】 In the earthquake the survivor managed to hold on untilhelp arrived.在地震中，幸存者設(shè)法堅持到救援到來。 Children should hold on to their parents hands whencrossing the road.兒童應(yīng)該在過馬路時抓緊父母的手?！就卣埂縣old on to 抓緊；不放開；保留；堅持hold up 舉起；延遲，阻礙hold back 隱瞞；控制hold out 伸出catch/get hold of 抓住，握

35、著【即學(xué)即用】oftoholdon單句語法填空(1)Catch hold _ every opportunity and you willsucceed in getting what you want.(2)Hold on _ your dreams and one day they maycome true.完成句子，每空一詞(3)他們堅信只要堅持一段時間，奇跡就會發(fā)生。They hold the belief that so long as they _ _for a while, a miracle will happen.3.give off 放出(熱、光、氣味或氣體)【原句】 Th

36、is gave off oily, black smoke, but it stayedburning even in strong winds.(教材 P44)它散發(fā)出油性的黑煙，但即使在強風(fēng)下也會繼續(xù)燃燒?！镜淅縁ireflies give off flashes of light when they fly at night. 螢火蟲夜間飛行時發(fā)出閃光。 He finally gave in to his daughters repeated requests tofurther her education abroad.對女兒再三請求到國外去深造，他最終讓步了?！就卣埂縢ive up

37、 (doing) sth.放棄(做)某事give in (to.) (向)屈服/讓步/投降give away 贈送；泄露give out 分發(fā)；用完，用盡give back 歸還，送回【即學(xué)即用】單句語法填空teachinggiveoff(1)He gave up _ (teach) in 2001, much to the regretof his students.完成句子，每空一詞(2)要是塑料和橡膠被焚，就會放出有毒的氣體。If plastic and rubber are burnt, theyll _ _poisonous gases.(3)他假裝不在乎，但那句話暴露了他對這件事的

38、真實看法。gaveawayHe pretended not to care but that remark _ _his real opinion on the matter.1.Well, it so happened that one morning I bought anewspaper and read the advertisement about the Antarcticexpedition.(教材 P38)哦，有一天早上我碰巧買了一份報紙，看到了南極探險的廣告?！酒饰觥?本句是復(fù)合句，此句中 it 作形式主語，真正的主語是 that 引導(dǎo)的從句。it (so) happened

39、 that.意為“碰巧”?！镜淅?2021 新高考卷 完形填空)It happened that the plantdowntown needed eight kids for temporary help during our springbreak, for which I had no plans beyond listening to my favouriterecords.碰巧在我們春假期間，市中心的工廠需要八個孩子臨時幫忙，而我除了聽我最喜歡的唱片之外沒有別的計劃。It hit me that I had been paying attention to what was goi

40、ngwrong with my life rather than what was right.我突然意識到我一直都在關(guān)注生活中錯誤的而不是正確的事情?！練w納】It happened that.碰巧It hit/struck/occurred to sb.that.某人突然想起It makes no difference that.沒有任何區(qū)別It remains to be seen.有待于被關(guān)注It turned out that.結(jié)果是/證明是【即學(xué)即用】單句語法填空toIt(1)It occurred _ me that I could turn to my teacher forhe

41、lp and he was always helpful.(2)_ makes no difference to me whether he will go tothe party or not.Ithappenedthat完成句子，每空一詞(3)十年后，瑪?shù)贍柕潞妥屇仍诎屠枰粋€公園里碰巧相遇。_ _ _ Mathilde met with Jeannein the park in Paris after ten years.2.If it werent for sea animals, we would all starve.( 教 材P44) 如果沒有海洋動物，我們都會餓死。【剖析】本句是

42、復(fù)合句。此句表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的情況，if 從句用 did(were)，主句用 would動詞原形?！镜淅?2021 新高考卷 閱讀理解 A)If I had to make just onerecommendation for where to stay in Rome, it would be YellowHostel.如果要我推薦羅馬的哪一處住宿，那一定是黃之旅館。If things were to be twice, all would be wise. 假如凡事都可以重新做一次，人人皆可成為聰明人。2.If it werent for sea animals, we would a

43、ll starve.( 教 材2.If it werent for sea animals, we would all starve.( 教 材表示與事實情況相反if 條件從句的謂語形式主句的謂語形式表示與現(xiàn)在情況相反過去式(did)(be 常用 were)would/could/might/shoulddo表示與過去情況相反過去完成式(haddone)would/could/might/shouldhave done表示與將來情況相反過去式 (did)shoulddowere to dowould/could/might/shoulddo【歸納】【注意】在虛擬條件句中，可省略 if，把 we

44、re, had, should 提到句首，變?yōu)榈寡b句式。如：If I were at school again, I would study harder.Were I at school again, I would study harder.如果我再上學(xué)，我會更加努力學(xué)習(xí)。If you had come earlier, you would have met him.Had you come earlier, you would have met him. 如果你來早一點，你就會見到他了。If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbin

45、g.Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.如果明天下雨，我們就不去爬山了?！炯磳W(xué)即用】單句語法填空(1)If I had time, I _ (attend) the meeting.(2)If I _ (be) you, I would work harder at my lessons.(3)_ I known his telephone number, I would havecalled him.would attend were Had 【題目】根據(jù)下列提示，寫一篇關(guān)于馬克吐溫的作品哈克貝利費恩歷險記的評論。1.馬克吐溫(

46、Mark Twain), 美國作家，成長于密西西比河畔。代表作之一是哈克貝利費恩歷險記。2.這部小說講述了哈克貝利費恩從家中逃走，和黑奴吉姆在密西西比河流浪的故事。3.哈克貝利費恩遇見的人物來自社會各個階層，因此這部小說生動地反映了當(dāng)時的社會情況。4.哈克貝利費恩歷險記是美國文學(xué)史上一部偉大的作品。注意：詞數(shù) 80 左右。參考詞匯：密西西比河 the Mississippi River；哈克貝利費恩歷險記The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn_參考范文：Mark Twain，an American writer，is famous for his stories.Hegrew up on the banks of the Mississippi River.The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn ， one of his brilliantmasterpieces ， tells the story of Huckleberry Finn and Jimwandering along the Mississippi River.First, Huckleberry Finn runsaway